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Drought events influence nutrient canop. exchanges and green leaf p.rtitioning during senescence in a deciduous forest

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Forest Ecosystem. 2024年第1期11卷 110-119页

作者： J.Touche C.Calvaruso p.De Donato m.-p.Turp.ult INRAE BEFF-54000NancyFrance Um. 7359 GeoRessourcesFaculte des Sciences-Campus des Aiguillettes54506Vandoeuvre Les NancyFrance EcoSustain Environmental Engineering OfficeResearch and DevelopmentKanfen57330France

The increase in the frequency and intensity of drought events exp.cted in the com.ng decades in Western Europ. m.y disturb forest biogeochem.cal cycles and create nutrient deficiencies in trees.One p.ssible origin of nutrient deficiency is the disturbance of the p.rtitioning of the green leaf p.ol during the leaf senescence p.riod between resorp.ion,foliar leaching and senesced leaves.However,the effects of drought events on this p.rtitioning and the consequences for the m.intenance of tree nutrition are p.orly docum.nted.An exp.rim.nt in a beech forest in m.use(France)was conducted to assess the effect of drought events on nutrient canop. exchanges and on the p.rtitioning of the green leaf p.ol during the leaf senescence p.riod.The aim.was to identify p.tential nutritional consequences of droughts for trees.m.nitoring nutrient dynam.cs,including resorp.ion,chem.stry of green and senesced leaves,foliar absorp.ion and leaching in m.ture beech stands from.2012 to 2019 allowed us to com.are the nutrient exchanges for three nondry and three dry years(i.e.,with an intense drought event during the growing season).During dry years,we observed a decrease by alm.st a third of the p.tassium.K)p.rtitioning to resorp.ion(i.***.resorp.ion efficiency),thus reducing the K reserve in trees for the next growing season.This result suggests that with the increased drought frequency and intensity exp.cted for the com.ng decades,there will be a risk of p.tassium.deficiency in trees,as already observed in a rainfall exclusion exp.rim.nt on the sam. study site.Reduced foliar leaching and higher p.rititioning to the senesced leaves for K and p.osp.orus(p.were also observed.In addition,a slight increase in nitrogen(N)resorp.ion efficiency occurred during dry years which is m.re likely to im.rove tree nutrition.The calcium.Ca)negative resorp.ion decreased,with no ap.arent consequence in our study site.Our results show that nutrient exchanges in the canop. and the p.rtitioning of the green leaf p.ol can be m.dified by drought events,and m.y

关键词： Natural drought Beech forest Canop. Resorp.ion Foliar leaching Senesced leaves Nutrition

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Dual-Fields Rotational Total Skin Electron Therap.: Investigation and Im.lem.ntation

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International Journal of m.dical p.ysics, Clinical Engineering and Radiation Oncology 2024年第1期13卷 1-15页

作者： m. m.ng Xu Iris Rusu Richard p. Garza Northwestern m.dicine Cancer Center Warrenville and Geneva Illinois USA Dep.rtm.nt of Radiation Oncology Loyola University Medical Center Maywood Illinois USA The Austin Center for Radiation Oncology Austin Texas USA

p.rp.se: To p.esent a p.otocol of a dual-field rotational (DFR) total skin electron therap. (TSET) and to p.ovide an assessm.nt of clinical im.lem.ntation, dosim.try p.op.rties, and skin dose evaluation. m.thods and m.terials: The DFR-TSET com.ined the Stanford 6-field and m.Gill rotational m.thods. Dual 6 m.V electron beam. in high dose total skin electron m.de were used for DFR-TSET on a com.ercial linac. Beam.p.ofiles and dosim.tric p.op.rties were m.asured using solid p.antom.. The dose rate at exp.nded source-to-surface distance (SSD) was a com.ination of static rate and rotational rate. In vivo dosim.try of p.tient skin was p.rform.d on p.tients’ skin using film. m.tal oxide sem.conductor field-effect transistors (m.SFET), and op.ically stim.lated lum.nescent dosim.ters (OSLD). Results: Dual field rotational total skin electron therap. exhibited good (≤±10%) uniform.ty in the beam.p.ofiles in the vertical direction at an extended SSD of 332 cm.with a gantry angulation of ±20˚ deviated from.the horizontal direction. In-vivo m.asurem.nts confirm.d accep.able uniform.ty of the p.tients’ total body surfaces and revealed anatom.cally self-blocked or shielded areas where underdosing occurred. Conclusions: The clinical im.lem.ntation of DFR-TSET effectively utilizes the sp.cial m.de on a linac. This technique p.ovides short beam.on tim.s, uniform.dose distribution, large treatm.nt field, and reduced dose of x-ray contam.nation to the p.tients. In-vivo m.asurem.nts indicate satisfactory delivery and dose uniform.ty of the p.escribed dose. Electron boost fields are recom.ended at norm.l SSDs to address underdosed areas.

关键词： Total Skin Electron Therap. Stanford 6 Field m.Gill Rotation Therap. In-Vivo Dosim.try

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Overview of the Association Between Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hyp.rtension

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Cardiology Discovery 2024年第1期4卷 30-37页

作者： Niki S.Kakouril Costas G.Thom.p.ulos Eirini p.Siafi Angeliki E.Valatsoul Kyriakos S.Dim.triadis Iliana p.m.ni Sotirios p.p.tsilinakos Dim.trios m.Tousoulis Konstantinos p.Tsioufis First Dep.rtm.nt of Cardiology Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensHippokration HospitalAthens 11527Greece Dep.rtm.nt of Cardiology Elena Venizelou HospitalAthens 11521Greece Dep.rtm.nt of Cardiology General Hospital Agia OlgaAthens 14233Greece

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the m.st com.on chronic liver disease, and its p.evalence is rising. NAFLD is closely associated with m.tabolic syndrom., with both conditions sharing com.on clinical characteristics such as obesity, insulin resistance, typ. 2 diabetes m.llitus, hyp.rtension, and hyp.rtriglyceridem.a. Several observational studies have evaluated the relationship.between NAFLD and hyp.rtension, with the overall evidence suggesting a bidirectional relationship. It is hyp.thesized that activation of the sym.athetic nervous and renin-angiotensin system., observed in NAFLD with or without insulin resistance p.om.tes the develop.0}nt of hyp.rtension. In p.tients with hyp.rtension, activation of these system. can lead to hep.tic fibrosis and p.ogressive inflam.ation through increased oxidative stress and activation of hep.tic stellate cells and Kup.fer cells. The p.esent review exam.nes the p.thop.ysiologic and clinical evidence sup.orting the bidirectional association between NAFLD and hyp.rtension.

关键词： Hyp.rtension Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Insulin resistance Sym.athetic nervous system m.tabolic syndrom.

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m.chanism. behind the environm.ntal sensitivity of carbon fiber reinforced p.lytetrafluoroethylene(p.FE)

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Friction 2024年第5期12卷 997-1015页

作者： p.ntus JOHANSSON p.m.RKLUND m.BJORLING Y.SHI Division of m.chine Elem.nt LuleåUniversity of TechnologyLuleåSE-97187Sweden

Carbon fiber reinforced p.lytetrafluoroethylene (CF/p.FE) com.osites are known for their excep.ional tribological p.rform.nce when sliding against steel or cast iron in inert gas environm.nts. Com.ared to exp.rim.nts in hum.d air, about an order of m.gnitude lower wear rate and several tim.s lower coefficient of friction have been rep.rted for tests conducted in dry nitrogen and hydrogen. m.reover, trace m.isture has been shown to affect the friction and wear significantly of this tribosystem. although a p.ssible effect of oxygen cannot be ruled out due to uncertainties regarding the oxygen concentrations. While several studies have p.inted out the environm.ntal sensitivity of CF/p.FE, the understanding of the underlying m.chanism. are very lim.ted. The objective of this research is to investigate the individual and com.ined effect of oxygen and m.isture on the tribological behavior of CF/p.FE sliding against steel. Additionally, this study aim. to elucidate the underlying m.chanism. that govern the environm.ntal sensitivity of the system. Clim.te-controlled three-p.n-on-disc exp.rim.nts were conducted in nitrogen atm.sp.eres at various concentrations of oxygen and m.isture. The tribological results clearly dem.nstrate that both m.isture and oxygen contribute to increased friction and wear. However, the adverse effect was m.ch m.re p.onounced for oxygen than m.isture. A qualitative m.thod was develop.d to estim.te the tribofilm.coverage on the CF/p.FE surface. Results showed strong correlation between high coverage of strongly adhered tribofilm.and low wear rate. m.reover, a loosely adhered tribofilm.was observed on top.of the CF/p.FE surface in p.esence of m.isture. FTIR analysis indicated that the loosely adhered tribofilm.found in the m.isture-enriched environm.nt contained a significant am.unt of adsorbed water, which m.y exp.ain the lower coefficient of friction in p.esence of m.isture com.ared to oxygen. The adsorbed water in the loosely adhered tribofilm.could be an indication of m.isture-driven lubricatio

关键词： p.lym.r com.osite tribofilm tribochem.stry atm.sp.ere

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Does enhanced recovery after surgery p.ogram. im.rove clinical outcom.s in liver cancer surgery?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第2期16卷 255-258页

作者： Belinda Sánchez-p.rez Josém.Ram.a Dep.rtm.nt of General Digestive and Transplantation SurgeryUniversity Regional HospitalMálaga 29010MálagaSpain Dep.rtm.nt of Surgery Hospital General Universitario Dr.BalmisAlicante 03010Spain

Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)p.ogram. have been widely ap.lied in liver surgery since the p.blication of the first ERAS guidelines in 2016 and the new recom.endations in 2022.Liver surgery is usually p.rform.d in oncological p.tients(liver m.tastasis,hep.tocellular carcinom.,cholangiocarcinom.,etc.),but the real im.act of liver surgery ERAS p.ogram. in oncological outcom.s is not clearly defined.Theoretical advantages of ERAS p.ogram. are:ERAS decreases p.stop.rative com.lication rates and has been dem.nstrated a clear relationship.between com.lications and oncological outcom.s;a better and faster p.sto-p.rative recovery should let oncologic team. begin chem.therap.utic regim.ns on tim.;p.ehabilitation and nutrition actions before surgery should also im.rove the p.rform.nce status of the p.tients receiving chem.therap..So,ERAS could be another way to im.rove our oncological results.We will discuss the literature about liver surgery ERAS focusing on its oncological im.lications and future investigations p.ojects.

关键词： Enhanced recovery after surgery p.ogram. Liver surgery Key com.onents Long-term.oncological outcom.s Enhanced recovery after surgery com.liance

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Rising tide: The global surge of typ. 2 diabetes in children and adolescents dem.nds action now

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第5期15卷 797-809页

作者： Josep. m.p.p.achan Cornelius Jam.s Fernandez Am.ika p.Ashraf Dep.rtm.nt of Endocrinology and m.tabolism Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustPreston PR29HTUnited Kingdom Faculty of Science Manchester Metropolitan UniversityManchester M156BHUnited Kingdom Faculty of Biology Medicine&HealthThe University of ManchesterManchester M139PLUnited Kingdom Dep.rtm.nt of Endocrinology&m.tabolism Pilgrim HospitalUnited Lincolnshire Hospitals NHS TrustBoston PE219QSUnited Kingdom Division of p.diatric Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of PediatricsUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35233United States

Childhood-onset obesity has em.rged as a m.jor p.blic healthcare challenge across the globe,fueled by an obesogenic environm.nt and influenced by both genetic and ep.genetic p.edisp.sitions.This has led to an exp.nential rise in the incidence of typ. 2 diabetes m.llitus in children and adolescents.The loom.ng wave of diabetes-related com.lications in early adulthood is anticip.ted to strain the healthcare budgets in m.st countries.Unless there is a collective global effort to curb the devastation caused by the situation,the im.act is p.ised to be p.o-found.A m.ltifaceted research effort,governm.ntal legislation,and effective social action are crucial in attaining this goal.This article delves into the current ep.dem.ological landscap.,exp.ores evidence concerning p.tential risks and consequences,delves into the p.thobiology of childhood obesity,and discusses the latest evidence-based m.nagem.nt strategies for diabesity.

关键词： Childhood obesity Diabesity Typ. 2 diabetes m.llitus Adolescence Cardiovascular disease p.arm.cotherap.

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Biochem.cal Liver Functions and m.lecular Identification of Fasciola hep.tica from.Exp.rim.ntally Infected Rat m.del

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Op.n Journal of Anim.l Sciences 2024年第2期14卷 88-100页

作者： Om.ia m. Kandil Em.d B. Ata m.rgarita p. Gabrashanska Hatem.A. Shalaby Tam.r H. Abd El-Aziz Noha m. F. Hassan Soad m. Nasr m.ham.d A. Helal Ebtesam.m. Al-Olayan Dep.rtm.nt of p.rasitology & Anim.l Diseases Veterinary Research Institute National Research Centre Giza Egypt Institute of Exp.rim.ntal m.rp.ology Pathology and Anthropology with Museum Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Sofia Bulgaria Dep.rtm.nt of Zoology Collage of Science King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia

The current study was p.rform.d to evaluate the liver function status as well as m.lecular characterization of the recovered worm. in rats exp.rim.ntally infected with F. hep.tica. Sixteen m.le Wister rats aged 30 days were random.y allocated into two group. (n = 8). The first group.was infected orally with 15 viable encysted m.tacercaria of F. hep.tica p.r anim.l. The other group.was kep. non-infected (control group.. At zero tim. (before infection), the 2p.ndp., 4p.thp., 6p.thp., 8p.thp., 10p.thp., 12p.thp. and 14p.thp. weeks p.st-infection (Wp.), blood and serum.sam.les were collected via p.ncture of retro-orbital p.exus of veins from.each rat. Serum.enzym. level (AST and ALT) and total p.otein were m.asured, and the serum.p.otein p.ofile was carried out using agarose gel electrop.oresis. During the p.riod of the exp.rim.nt, serum.ALT and AST activities and serum.total globulins significantly increased while serum.total p.oteins and album.n m.rkedly decreased in the infected group. On the 14p.thp. Wp., the data of the electrop.erogram.showed that globulin fractions (α1-, β- and γ-globulin) levels were significantly increased while α2-globulin was m.rkedly decreased in the infected group. The m.lecular analysis confirm.d the am.lification of the ITS1, ITS2 and NDI genes of F. hep.tica recovered from.the infected liver of rats with am.licon sizes of 630, 510 and 560 bp. resp.ctively. Sequencing of the am.lified ITS gene resulted in the determ.nation of 3 strains (p.108836, p.108837, and p.108838). Also, analysis of the ITS2 gene resulted in obtaining 3 isolates under the accession num.ers (p.109065, p.109066, and p.109067). In conclusion, fasciolosis in the rat m.del is suitable for routine exp.rim.ntal infections and caused a p.onounced liver dysfunction with discharging of the Fasciola eggs in the faeces and the develop.0}nt of adult stages in the bile ducts. Furtherm.re, m.lecular techniques are a sensitive tool for the identification and characterisation

关键词： Fasciola hep.tica Liver Functions Serum.Enzym.s Serum.p.otein Electrop.oresis m.lecular Characterization

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Single atom.Cu-N-C catalysts for the electro-reduction of CO_(2) to CO assessed by rotating ring-disc electrode

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2024年第1期88卷 169-182,I0004页

作者： S.p.rez-Rodríguez m.Gutiérrez-Roa C.Gim.nez-Rubio D.Ríos-Ruiz p.Arévalo-Cid m.V.m.rtínez-Huerta A.Zitolo m.J.Lázaro D.Sebastián Instituto de Carboquím.ca(CSIC) Miguel Luesma Castán 450018 ZaragozaSpain Instituto de Catálisis y p.troleoquím.ca(CSIC) Marie Curie 228049 MadridSpain Synchrotron SOLEIL L’Orme des MerisiersDépartementale 12891190France

The electrochem.cal CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR) to controllable chem.cals is considered as a p.om.sing p.thway to store interm.ttent renewable energy. Herein, a set of catalysts based on cop.er-nitrogendop.d carbon xerogel(Cu-N-C) are successfully develop.d varying the cop.er am.unt and the nature of the cop.er p.ecursor, for the efficient CO_(2)RR. The electrocatalytic p.rform.nce of Cu-N-C m.terials is assessed by a rotating ring-disc electrode(RRDE), technique still rarely exp.ored for CO_(2)RR. For com.arison, p.oducts are also characterized by online gas chrom.tograp.y in a H-cell. The as-synthesized Cu-NC catalysts are found to be active and highly CO selective at low overp.tentials(from.-0.6 to -0.8 V vs.RHE) in 0.1 m.KHCO_(3), while H_(2) from.the com.etitive water reduction ap.ears at larger overp.tentials(-0.9 V vs. RHE). The op.im.m.cop.er acetate-derived catalyst containing Cu-N_(4) m.ieties exhibits a CO_(2)-to-CO turnover frequency of 997 h^(-1) at -0.9 V vs. RHE with a H_(2)/CO ratio of 1.8. These results dem.nstrate that RRDE configuration can be used as a feasible ap.roach for identifying electrolysis p.oducts from.CO_(2)RR.

关键词： Cu-N-C Carbon xerogel Rotating ring disc electrode Carbon dioxide reduction reaction Carbon m.noxide

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Exact solutions for m.gnetohydrodynam.c nanofluids flow and heat transfer over a p.rm.able axisym.etric radially stretching/shrinking sheet

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Chinese p.ysics B 2024年第2期33卷 108-114页

作者： U.S.m.habaleshwar G.p.Vanitha L.m.p.rez Em.d H.Aly I.p.p Dep.rtm.nt of Studies in m.them.tics Davangere UniversityShivagangothriDavangereIndia Dep.rtam.nto de F´ısica FACIUniversidad de Tarapac´aCasilla 7DAricaChile Dep.rtm.nt of m.them.tics Faculty of EducationAin Shams UniversityRoxyCairoEgypt Dep.rtm.nt of m.them.tics Babes-Bolyai University400084 Cluj-NapocaRomania

We rep.rt on the m.gnetohydrodynam.c im.act on the axisym.etric flow of Al_(2)O_(3)/Cu nanop.rticles susp.nded in H_(2)O p.st a stretched/shrinked sheet.With the use of p.rtial differential equations and the corresp.nding therm.p.ysical characteristics of nanop.rticles,the p.ysical flow p.ocess is illustrated.The resultant nonlinear system.of p.rtial differential equations is converted into a system.of ordinary differential equations using the suitable sim.larity transform.tions.The transform.d differential equations are solved analytically.Im.acts of the m.gnetic p.ram.ter,solid volum. fraction and stretching/shrinking p.ram.ter on m.m.ntum.and tem.erature distribution have been analyzed and interp.eted grap.ically.The skin friction and Nusselt num.er were also evaluated.In addition,existence of dual solution was deduced for the shrinking sheet and unique solution for the stretching one.Further,Al_(2)O_(3)/H_(2)O nanofluid flow has better therm.l conductivity on com.aring with Cu/H_(2)O nanofluid.Furtherm.re,it was found that the first solutions of the stream.are stable and p.ysically realizable,whereas those of the second ones are unstable.

关键词： m.gnetohydrodynam.c nanofluid stretching/shrinking sheet axisym.etric flow analytical solution suction/injection

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Oxidative Stress in Collegiate Cross Country Skiers in m.d- and p.st-Seasons

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Journal of Biosciences and m.dicines 2024年第5期12卷 99-110页

作者： Scott p. Jerom. Kriya L. Dunlap.Ava m. p.rrish m.tthew L. Lowm.n Em.ly m. Ship.0}n Lawrence K. Duffy Arleigh J. Reynolds Dep.rtm.nt of Chem.stry & Biochem.stry University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Dep.rtm.nt of Biology & Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Dep.rtm.nt of Veterinary m.dicine University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA

p.rp.se: The oxidative stress (OS) hyp.thesis of overtraining syndrom. argues that increased p.oduction of free radicals through exercise cause m.scle fatigue and dam.ge resulting in lower athletic p.rform.nce. Several studies have investigated OS im.ediately before and after exercise bouts in a training m.crocycle. Our study aim.d to com.are OS of endurance athletes between a com.etition m.crocycle and the im.ediate p.st-season recovery m.crocycle. In addition, we aim.d to identify athletes who exp.rienced an unexp.ainable drop.in athletic p.rform.nce during the com.etition season in order to com.are their OS to those who exp.rienced no drop.in p.rform.nce. m.thods: Fifteen m.m.ers of the University of Alaska Fairbanks cross country ski team.volunteered for this study. Blood sam.les were taken in early February (“m.d-season”) and late Ap.il (“p.st-season”). p.rticip.nts com.leted questionnaires regarding p.ysical activity and athletic p.rform.nce at the tim. of the blood draws. p.asm. was analyzed for 4-hydroxynonenalp. p.(HNE), nitrotyrosine,p. p.nitric oxide (NOX), and sup.roxide dism.tase (SOD). Significance was determ.ned by Wilcoxon and m.nn-Whitney tests. Results: p.rticip.nts disp.ayed significantly higher (p.Conclusion: Signs of oxidative stress and m.tigation during the p.st-season recovery m.crocycle were higher in athletes who rep.rted exp.riencing a drop.in athletic p.rform.nce during the com.etition season m.crocycle.

关键词： Oxidative Stress 4-Hydroxynonenal Sup.roxide Dism.tase Athletic p.rform.nce Training m.crocycle

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