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Variety-specific responses of lettuce grown in. a gravel-film technique closed hydroponic system to N supply on yield, morphology, phytochemicals, mineral content and safety

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第11期17卷 2447-2457页

作者： Bevly m. mampholo martin m. maboko Puffy Soundy Dharini Sivakumar Phytochemical Food Network to Improve Nutritional Quality for Consumers Group Department of Crop Sciences Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria West Pretoria 0001 South Africa Agricultural Research CounciI-Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental Plants Private Bag X293 Pretoria 0001 South Africa

Utilization of nitrogen （N） element is a common practice used to reach profitable yields in horticultural crops and N supply can be used as a tool to manipulate the enhancement of phytochemicals and minerals in vegetable crops to address consumer-oriented quality production. Hence the study was aimed to investigate the effect of N application on leaf morphology, ascorbic acid content, phenolic acids, flavonoids, mineral content, and nitrate residues in three lettuce varieties （two green leafy lettuce, multigreen 1 and multigreen 3; one red leafy lettuce, multired 4） grown in a closed hydroponic system （grave^-film） at harvest. Nitrogen was applied as ammonium nitrate （NH4NO3） at six different concentrations of 0, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 mg L^-1. The results obtained during 2015 and 2016 seasons were similar and demonstrated variety dependent responses with respect to different N application rates. multigreen 3 was more sensitive to N supply and showed higher amount of nitrate residue at harvest. Variety multired 4 was less sensitive to N supply followed by multigreen 11 Although N supply at 120 mg L^-1 improved the yield and the number of leaves in multigreen 3, overall 90 mg L^-1 can be recommended for these lettuce varieties to improve the yield and the accumulation of ascorbic acid content, phenolic acids mainly caffeic, caftaric acids, quercetin （the important flavonoid in lettuce）, and Fe and mn contents. Furthermore, the concentration of 90 mg L^-1 improved the antioxidant property （FRAP and ABTS^＋） and reduced the nitrate accumulation, ensuring safe food for consumers.

关键词： fertilizer application fresh weight phenolic acids antioxidant property flavonoids Fe mn food safety

A reduced model for particle calcination for use in DEm/CFD simulations

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Particuology 2024年第10期93卷 316-327页

作者： Lucas mieg Torben Bergold Enric Illana mahiques Viktor Scherer martin mönnigmann Automatic Control and System Theory Ruhr University BochumGermany Energy Plant Technology Ruhr University BochumGermany

We treat the accurate simulation of the calcination reaction in particles,where the particles are large and,thus,the inner-particle processes must be *** these processes need to be described with coupled partial differential equations(PDEs)that must be solved numerically,the computation times for a single particle are too high for use in simulations that involve many *** of this type arise when the Discrete Element method(DEm)is combined with Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)to investigate industrial systems such as quicklime production in lime shaft *** show that,based on proper orthogonal decomposition and Galerkin projection,reduced models can be derived for single particles that provide the same spatial and temporal resolution as the original PDE models at a considerably reduced computational *** the finite volume particle models with the reduced models results in an overall reduction of the reactor simulation time by about 40%for the sample system treated here.

关键词： Calcination Reactive bulk model reduction Discrete element method Galerkin projection

A Static Condensation Reduced Basis Element Approach for the Reynolds Lubrication Equation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2017年第1期21卷 126-148页

作者： Eduard Bader martin A.Grepl Siegfried müller Aachen Institute for Advanced Study in Computational Engineering Science RWTH Aachen UniversitySchinkelstr.252062 AachenGermany Institut für Geometrie und Praktische mathematik RWTH Aachen UniversityTemplergraben 5552056 AachenGermany

In this paper,we propose a Static Condensation Reduced Basis Element(SCRBE)approach for the Reynolds Lubrication Equation(RLE).The SCRBEmethod is a computational tool that allows to efficiently analyze parametrized structures which can be decomposed into a large number of similar ***,we extend the methodology to allow for a more general domain decomposition,a typical example being a checkerboard-pattern assembled from similar *** this end,we extend the formulation and associated a posteriori error bound *** motivation comes from the analysis of the pressure distribution in plain journal bearings governed by the ***,the SCRBE approach presented is not limited to bearings and the RLE,but directly extends to other component-based *** show numerical results for plain bearings to demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.

关键词： Reynolds lubrication equation static condensation domain decomposition model order reduction reduced basis element method a posteriori error estimation

On the Structure of Graded Leibniz Algebras

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Algebra Colloquium 2015年第1期22卷 83-96页

作者： Antonio J. Calderon martin Jose m. Sfinchez Delgado Departamento de matemdticas Universidad de Cadiz 11510 Puerto Real Cadiz Spain

We study the structure of graded Leibniz algebras with arbitrary dimension and over an arbitrary base field K. We show that any of such algebras ￡ with a symmetric G-support is of the form ￡ = U-∑jIj with U a subspace of ￡1, the homogeneous component associated to the unit element 1 in G, and any Ij a well described graded ideal of ￡, satisfying [Ij, Ik]= 0 if j≠ k. In the case of ￡ being of maximal length, we characterize the gr-simplicity of the algebra in terms of connections in the support of the grading.

关键词： graded Leibniz algebra infinite dimensional Leibniz algebra structure theory

Chemical deception among ant social parasites

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 62-75页

作者： Rhian m. GUILLEm Falko DRIJFHOUT Stephen J. martin Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffieid S 10 2TN UK Chemical Ecology Group School of Physical and Geographical Sciences Lennard-Jones Laboratory Keele University ST5 5BG UK School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Manchester M5 4WT UK

Deception is widespread throughout the animal kingdom and various deceptive strategies are exemplified by social parasites. These are species of ants, bees and wasps that have evolved to invade, survive and reproduce within a host colony of another social species. This is achieved principally by chemical deception that tricks the host workers into treating the invading parasite as their own kin. Achieving levels of acceptance into typically hostile host colonies requires an amazing level of decep- tion as social insects have evolved complex species- and colony-specific recognition systems. This allows the detection of for- eigners, both hetero- and con-specific. Therefore, social parasitic ants not only have to overcome the unique species recognition profiles that each ant species produces, but also the subtle variations in theses profiles which generate the colony-specific profiles We present data on the level of chemical similarity between social parasites and their hosts in four different systems and then discuss these data in the wider context with previous studies, especially in respect to using multivariate statistical methods when looking for differences in these systems.

关键词： mimicry Social parasites Cuticular hydrocarbons multivariate statistics

Postharvest responses of hydroponically grown lettuce varieties to nitrogen application rate

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第10期18卷 2272-2283页

作者： Bevly m.mampholo martin maboko Puffy Soundy Dharini Sivakumar Phytochemical Food Network Research Group Department of Crop SciencesTshwane University of TechnologyPretoria 0001South Africa Agricultural Research Council–Roodeplaat Vegetable and Ornamental PlantPrivate Bag X293Pretoria 0001South Africa

Limited information is available on the influence of preharvest N application rates on postharvest quality of different lettuce genotypes. Two green leafy lettuce (multigreen 1 and multigreen 3) and red leafy lettuce (multired 4) were grown in gravel film technique and fertigated with five different N application rates: 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 mg L^-1. The 120 mg L^-1 N application is commercially recommended for lettuce. After harvest, lettuce samples were packed in a bioriented poly propylene packaging (5% O2 and 5% CO2) and held at 5°C and 85% RH for 3, 6, 9 and 12 days. The genotypes, preharvest N application rates and storage time affected the leaf colour coordinates, phenolic acids (dicaffeoyltataric acid, caffeoyl tartaric acid, 3-caffeoylquinic acid and 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid) and browning enzyme activities (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD)). Lower rates of N application at preharvest stage showed higher weight loss with the storage time increasing in multigreen 3. In multigreen 1, colour coordinate b* value decreased remarkably with N application rates from 60 to 120 mg L^–1 due to the onset of browning during storage. While in multigreen 3 and N application higher than 60 mg L^–1 influenced the decrease in b* value. Browning occurred due to the increased activity of PAL enzyme and the availability of the substrates caftaric, chlorogenic, caffeic acids, PPO activity and production of browning pigments due to the activity of POD. Higher, N application rates (>120 mg L^–1) influenced the browning mechanism and showed brownish red leaves in multired 4 during storage. Higher ascorbic acid concentration played a role in reducing the onset of browning in the fresh cuts leaves of mulitired 4 and multigreen 3 fertilized with lower preharvest lower N application rates (mg L^–1). Preharvest N application at 90 mg L^–1 retained the colour, ascorbic acid content and the phenolic acid components and extended the

关键词： Lactuca sativa ascorbic acid phenylalanine ammonia-lyase polyphenol oxidase tissue browning

Identifying coastal towns and small cities in Denmark using global population data to support climate change adaptation

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2020年第9期13卷 1040-1054页

作者： James m.Fitton martin Lehmann David C.major Department of Planning Aalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark The Earth Institute Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Coastal settlements face many hazards from climate ***,there has been extensive focus on developing and implementing ***,these efforts have prodominantly centred on larger *** towns and small cities(urban areas between 1000 and 100,000 people)have received little attention,despite experiencing a number of barriers to *** absence of information on the global scale of the adaptation challenge within coastal towns and small cities may have contributed to these settlements being *** paper develops a method that can be used to estimate the numbers,sizes,and locations of coastal towns and small cities worldwide from global population data(Global Human Settlement data).Denmark is used as a pilot for this method with settlements over 1000 people classified with relatively high *** method developed here represents a potentially fruitful approach to supporting coastal adaptation,as coastal towns and small cities are identifiable globally,they can be classified into *** will support an assessment of their risk to coastal hazards,and could facilitate knowledge and practice sharing between similar coastal towns and small cities.

关键词： Climate change adaptation global data coastal hazards Denmark small urban areas

Poultry gut health-microbiome functions,environmental impacts,microbiome engineering and advancements in characterization technologies

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 338-352页

作者： Christiana Eleojo Aruwa Charlene Pillay martin m.Nyaga Saheed Sabiu Department of Biotechnology and Food Science Faculty of Applied SciencesDurban University of TechnologyP.O.Box 1334Durban 4000South Africa Next Generation Sequencing Unit Division of VirologyFaculty of Heath SciencesUniversity of the Free StateBloemfonteinSouth Africa

The gastrointestinal tract(GIT)health impacts animal *** poultry microbiome has functions which range from protection against pathogens and nutrients production,to host immune system *** in the microbiome have also been linked to prevailing environmental *** poultry birds possess a natural resistance to ***,the exploration of environmental impacts and other relevant factors on poultry growth and health have been *** good performance and growth rate are central to animal production,the host-microbiome relationship remains *** to the emergence of metagenomic techniques,conventional methods for poultry microbiome studies were used and were low-throughput and associated with insufficient genomic data and high cost of ***,the advent of high-throughput sequencing platforms have circumvented some of these shortfalls and paved the way for increased studies on the poultry gut microbiome diversity and ***,we give an up-to-date review on the impact of varied environments on microbiome profile,as well as microbiome engineering and microbiome technology *** is hoped that this paper will provide invaluable information that could guide and inspire further studies on the lingering pertinent questions about the poultry microbiome.

关键词： Disease Environmental impacts Gut microbiome microbiome engineering Poultry health

Predictability of the Western North Pacific Subtropical High Associated with Different ENSO Phases in GloSea5

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Journal of meteorological Research 2020年第5期34卷 926-940页

作者： Daquan ZHANG Gill m.martin Jose mRODRIGUEZ Zongjian KE Lijuan CHEN Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China met Office Hadley Centre Exeter EX 13PBUK

The western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) dominates the summer climate over East Asia. The intensity,position, and shape of WNPSH influence the spatiotemporal distributions of precipitation, temperature, and tropical cyclone activities in this region. This paper intends to investigate the performance of the UK met Office Global Seasonal forecast system version 5(GloSea5) in simulation/prediction of the WNPSH based on a hindcast dataset. Analyses of the hindcast data show a systematic bias in the mean circulation over West Pacific, with negative geopotential height anomalies over the western North Pacific(WNP) and cyclonic anomalies in the 850-hPa winds and water vapor transport, indicating a weakening and eastward shift of the WNPSH. Despite the model’s bias in the climatology, it well captured the interannual variability of the monthly and seasonal-mean intensity of the WNPSH and the position of its ridge line in boreal summer from 1993 to 2015. The seasonal hindcasts indicate that there is significant prediction skill at up to three-month lead time for both the intensity and position of the WNPSH ridge line. The relationship between the WNPSH and different phases of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) in both the observational data and GloSea5 hindcasts was then investigated. The model captured the summer WNPSH anomalies well during most of the ENSO phases, except in the La Nina decaying and neutral summers. The intensity of the anticyclone in the WNP is weak in the decaying phase of El Nino in the GloSea5 hindcasts compared with the reanalysis data. GloSea5 is capable of representing the lagged teleconnection between El Nino events in the previous winter and the intensity of the WNPSH in the following summer. Regression analysis reveals weakened negative sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs) over the WNP in GloSea5, which reduced the gradient between the tropical western Pacific and the tropical Indian Ocean, resulting in a weaker easterly anomaly a

关键词： western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) Global Seasonal forecast system version 5(GloSea5) El Nino–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) precipitation predictability