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Urbanization has opposite effects on the territory size of two passerine birds

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Avian Research 2020年第2期11卷 191-199页

作者： Roselvy Juárez Eduardo Chacón‑Madrigal luis sandoval Escuela de Biología Universidad de Costa RicaCP:11501‑2060San PedroMontes de OcaSan JoséCosta Rica Ambientey Desarrollo Universidad ZamoranoCarretera a Danlíkm 30Francisco MorazánHonduras.

Background:Urban expansion has been identified as one of the leading drivers of biodiversity change or *** birds,urbanization is specifically related to survival,breeding success,and territory *** how different birds adjust territory size in response to urbanization is essential for their conservation in urban environments and to better understand why some species are lost and others persist under this *** evaluated the effect of urbanization on the territory size of an urban avoider species,White-eared Ground-Sparrow(Melozone leucotis),and an urban adapter species,House Wren(Troglodytes aedon),at five Costa Rican ***:We measured the size of 30 ground-sparrow and 28 wren territories using a total of 296 h of *** followed each individual for at least 1 h per day for at least 2 days of two consecutive years,and geo-referenced their *** size was estimated using the minimum convex polygon *** measured the urban surfaces(roads,buildings,any other paved area,soccer fields,lawns,and gardens with short grass)within ***:Ground-sparrow territories were larger at the highly urbanized site than at the non-urbanized *** territories were larger at the low urbanized site than at the highly urbanized *** found a positive relationship between urban surface and territory size for the ground-sparrow,but not for the ***:Our results showed that not all birds adjust territory size in the same way in response to *** showed that urban avoiders probably need to defend larger territories in urban environments to find all the resources required to survive because urban environments may provide insufficient resources such as food or *** adapters on the other hand defend smaller territories in urban environments because even small territories may provide sufficient *** results suggest specific behavioral adaptations developed by Neotropical birds inha

关键词： House Wren Melozone leucotis Troglodytes aedon Urban adapter Urban avoider Urban-rural gradient Territory size White‑eared Ground‑Sparrow

Intruder familiarity and not duet similarity influences the territory defense in a year-round territorial bird species

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Avian Research 2022年第2期13卷 152-158页

作者： Tihana Hamzaj Brendan Graham Katherine Bonilla Ignacio Gutiérrez luis sandoval Institute of Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics University of UlmUlm Gemany Laboratorio de Ecología Urbana y Comunicación Animal Escuela de BiologíaUniversidad de Costa RicaMontes de Oca CP11501-2060 Costa Rica Department of Biological Sciences University of Lethbridge4401 University Dr WLethbridgeABTIK 3M4anada

To avoid unnecessary energy expenditures in territorial defense,many species(e.g.,insects,amphibians,birds,and mammals)have developed the capability to distinguish between different intruder types using visual,acoustic,and/or chemical *** the mechanism used for intruder recognition is key to understanding the dynamics of territorial *** birds that use vocalizations for territorial defense,the frequency and duration of vocalizations or the familiarity with the intruder may be the main mechanism used for intruder ***,we conducted a playback experiment with territorial White-eared Ground-sparrows(Melozone leucotis),to analyze if territorial pairs recognize intruders using frequency and duration characteristics(a bird’s response is based on how structurally similar the intruders’duets are to their own)or by familiarity with the intruders(neighbors ***-neighbors).We focused on duets because this species uses duets exclusively for territorial *** broadcasted a duet from a territorial neighbor,two duets from non-neighbors(with different frequency and duration characteristics),and a duet from a control species in 39 territorial pair from three *** playback we measured five behavioral responses:latency of the first vocalization,latency of the approach to the speaker,time spent close the speaker(within 5 m),number of individuals that approached the speaker,and the number of *** found that territorial White-eared Ground-sparrow pairs responded stronger to neighbors than non-neighbors,and this response is not influenced by duet duration or frequency *** result suggests that neighbors represent a greater territorial threat for White-eared Ground-sparrows than *** work is necessary to understand how common this observation is for tropical species that defend small territories year-round.

关键词： Dear enemy Duets Neighbor-stranger discrimination Territory defense White-eared ground-sparrows

Visualizing the importance of oxide-metal phase transitions in the production of synthesis gas over Ni catalysts

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2020年第11期29卷 178-186页

作者： luis sandoval-Diaz Milivoj Plodinec Danail Ivanov Stephane Poitel Adnan Hammud Hannah C.Nerl Robert Schldgl Thomas Lunkenbein Department of Inorganic Chemistry Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-GesellschaftFaradayweg 4-614195 BerlinGermany Electron Spectrometry and Microscopy Laboratory School of Basic SciencesEcole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland Max Planck Institute for Chemical Energy Conversion StiftstraJSe 34-3645470 Miihlheim a.d.RuhrGermany

Synthesis gas, composed of H2 and CO, is an important fuel which serves as feedstock for industrially relevant processes, such as methanol or ammonia synthesis. The efficiency of these reactions depends on the H2: CO ratio, which can be controlled by a careful choice of reactants and catalyst surface ***, using a combination of environmental scanning electron microscopy(ESEM) and online mass spectrometry, direct visualization of the surface chemistry of a Ni catalyst during the production of synthesis gas was achieved for the first time. The insertion of a homebuilt quartz tube reactor in the modified ESEM chamber was key to success of the setup. The nature of chemical dynamics was revealed in the form of reversible oxide-metal phase transitions and surface transformations which occurred on the performing catalyst. The oxide-metal phase transitions were found to control the production of synthesis gas in the temperature regime between 700 and 900 ℃ in an atmosphere relevant for dry reforming of methane(DRM, CO2: CH4=0.75). This was confirmed using high resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging, electron energy loss spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and C18O2 labelled *** dedicated operando approach of simultaneously studying the surface processes of a catalyst and its activity allowed to uncover how phase transitions can steer catalytic reactions.

关键词： Dry reforming of methane Partial oxidation of methane Environmental scanning electron microscopy Synthesis gas Operando

Local predation pressure predicts the strength of mobbing responses in tropical birds

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Current Zoology 2012年第5期58卷 781-790页

作者： luis sandoval David R.WILSON Department of Biological Sciences University of Windsor401 Sunset AvenueWindsorOntario N9B 3P4Canada

Many birds join cooperative mobbing aggregations and collectively harass predators. Individuals participating in these ephemeral associations benefit by deterring the predator, but also incur energetic costs and increased risk of predation. Ex- plaining the evolution of mobbing is challenging because individuals could prevail by selfishly seeking safety while allowing others to mob. An important step in understanding the evolution of mobbing is to identify factors affecting its expression. The ecological constraints model suggests that animals are more likely to cooperate under adverse environmental conditions, such as when local predation pressure is high. We tested this prediction by comparing the mobbing responses of several species of birds to the local abundance of their primary predator, the ferruginous pygmy-owl Glaucidium brasilianum. We used acoustic playback to elicit mobbing responses in environments where owls were common, uncommon, or rare. Stimuli were either the song of a fer- ruginous pygmy-owl or the mobbing calls of three of the owl＇s common prey species. During each playback, we characterized mobbing responses by noting the number of species and individuals that approached the loudspeaker, as well as the closest ap- proach by any bird. Mobbing responses to both stimuli were strong in locations where Ferruginous Pygmy-owls were common, intermediate where owls were uncommon, and weak where they were rare. This pattern persisted even after controlling for dif- ferences in species richness and composition among the three environments. Results support the ecological constraints model and provide strong evidence that intense predation pressure increases the expression of cooperative mobbing in tropical birds [Cur- rent Zoology 58 （5）： 781-790, 2012].

关键词： Antipredator behavior Alarm signal Cooperative defense Learning Mobbing Tropical bird

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论当代全球化

中共中央党校学报 2008年第5期12卷 109-112页

作者： luis sandoval Ramirez 傅泽风墨西哥国立大学经济研究所墨西哥墨西哥城04369 湖北省社会科学院马克思主义研究所湖北武汉430077

当代全球化始于20世纪70年代,建立在石油、内燃机、电等基础上,主要表现为一个世界经济下降趋势,同时也与世界工业重组、跨国公司生产重组、生产和金融极度合理化相伴随。美国股市泡沫、房地产泡沫、财政赤字等问题集中反映了当代全球... 详细信息

当代全球化始于20世纪70年代,建立在石油、内燃机、电等基础上,主要表现为一个世界经济下降趋势,同时也与世界工业重组、跨国公司生产重组、生产和金融极度合理化相伴随。美国股市泡沫、房地产泡沫、财政赤字等问题集中反映了当代全球化中的问题。未来时期可能会爆发严重世界经济危机,争霸战争、生态危机、以美元为基础的货币体系危机、对资本主义全球化的替代等也会出现。对当代全球化的研究,对我们正确认识当代资本主义,具有重要意义。

关键词：当代全球化美国经济未来趋势

Mechanistic Study of Heterogeneous Catalysis System through DFT-based Kinetic Monte Carlo Simulation

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Mechanistic Study of Heterogeneous Catalysis System through ...

Elastic Cross Sections for <sup>3</sup>He + <sup>58</sup>Ni above the Coulomb Barrier

中国化学会第十九届全国催化学术会议

作者： Jingde Li Guihua Liu Yanji Wang Eric Croiset Zhongwei Chen luis Ricardez-sandoval School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Department of Chemical Engineering University of Waterloo

＜正＞Using energetics from Density Functional Theory（DFT）, Kinetic Monte Carlo（KMC） predicts time evaluation of reactions on catalyst surface modeled by 2D lattice, which can be directly verified by macroscopic e... 详细信息

关键词： Kinetic Monte Carlo Density functional calculations Heterogeneous catalysis

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2020年第1期10卷 1-8页

作者： R. Arceo Omar Pedraza luis M. sandoval L. A. López C. álvarez F. Hueyotl-Zahuantitla Ariel Flores-Rosas G. luis Raya Jesús Martínez-Castro

In this work, the elastic cross section is calculated at energies above the Coulomb barrier for 3He + 58Ni using a Woods-Saxon potential. The solutions of the radial Schrödinger equations are calculated numerically and they are introduced in the S matrix, after which the cross section is obtained. The parameters in the potential are adjusted to satisfy known experimental data.

关键词： Elastic and Inelastic Scattering Scattering Theory Total Cross Sections

Recent advances on first-principles modeling for the design of materials in CO2 capture technologies

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Design and Construction of Adjustable Mini-standing for Children from 4 to 9 Years Old with Diplegic, Triplegic or Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy

中国化学工程学报（英文版） 2019年第7期

作者： Yue Yuan Huabei You luis Ricardez-sandoval Chemical Engineering Department，Tianjin University Chemical Engineering Department，University of Waterloo

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Journal of Mechanics Engineering and Automation 2021年第4期11卷 97-104页

作者： Natalia Lineth Baquero-Salas luis Mario Mateus-sandoval Structural Integrity Group Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversidad de Los AndesColombia

The present paper sought to redesign,technify and adjust to different sizes of a mini-standing to improve the physical therapy of children from 4 to 9 years old with mild cerebral palsy or in medical conditions that moderately affect their lower *** orthopedic attachment provides support to the calf of the patient,resembling its body to a cantilevered *** allows the patient to improve their posture and safety and prevent bone *** achieve this attachment,simplified design techniques were complemented with Autodesk Inventor finite elements,also additive manufacturing in Polylactic Acid polymer PLA was used for structural parts like the calf support;Likewise,Computerized Numerical Control(CNC)was carried out on Nylon 6/6,a material used due to hygiene and lubrication between parts.A functional and safe prototype is obtained that meets the required age range,whose limitations are children of 120 cm or 30 *** were determined in the design requirements and verified with own replicable tests,as well with ASTM(American Society of Testing Materials)standards.

关键词： Orthopedic attachment cerebral palsy additive manufacturing physiotherapy adjustability.