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Phagocytosis: A Practical Approach for Evaluating Neutrophil Function in Health and Disease

Modern Research in Inflammation 2024年第2期13卷 9-28页

作者： Oscar Rojas-Espinosa Patricia Arce-Paredes Sergio Islas-Trujillo luis enrique becerril-villanueva María Dolores Ponce-Regalado Departamento de Inmunologa Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biolgicas Instituto Politcnico Nacional Ciudad de Mxico Mxico Laboratorio de Psicoinmunologa Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatra Ramn de la Fuente Ciudad de Mxico Mxico Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud Centro Universitario de los Altos Universidad de Guadalajara Jalisco Mxico

Neutrophils, crucial players in the effector phase of the immune response, are recognized as important mediators of both innate and adaptive immune responses. Through the production of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, they modulate the function of T and other lymphoid cells. Countless reports have highlighted the importance of these cells as efficient antimicrobial agents and annotated their involvement in the pathology of infectious and noninfectious diseases. The development of modern, sophisticated technologies has allowed the study of the functions of these cells in clinical settings. These advanced technologies include fluorescence-activated cell sorters, confocal microscopy, automated cell image analyzers, and live cell analysis instruments. Unfortunately, the cost of these modern instruments, maintenance, reagents, and the need for qualified technicians prohibit their use in low-income laboratories and universities in developing countries. With this in mind, we propose a series of basic tests that can be used in low-input clinical laboratories and universities to evaluate the function of neutrophils in health and disease. Our methodology allows us to assess in a practical and low-cost manner the functions of neutrophils in the phagocytic process, including opsonization, ingestion, ROI production (NBT reduction), myeloperoxidase content, phagosome-lysosome fusion, microbicidal activity, and NET production. Thus, under a disadvantageous ambiance, this may guide physicians in deciding whether a patient’s illness involves phagocytic defects without imposing a heavy financial *** Abstract[-rId13-]

关键词： Phagocytosis Neutrophils Microbicidal Activity Netosis

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HLA B27 as Predisposition Factor to Suffer Age Related Macular Degeneration

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2009年第4期6卷 303-307页

作者： enrique Villegas becerril Rafael Gonzalez Fernandez luis Perula Torres Manuel Santos Lacomba Jose Maria Gallardo Galera Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia Cordoba Spain Faculty of Medicine University of Cordoba Spain Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia C/Conchita Cintron n 4 Atico 2 CP 14011

To research whether specific alleles HLA class Ⅰ （HLA-A and HLA-B） and class Ⅱ （HLA-DR） are risk factors for the development of exudative type of Age Related Macular Degeneration（ARMD）, HLA antigens are expressed both in normal and affected eyes with ARMD. We designed a prospective case-controlled study. We recruited 75 patients with choroidal neovascuiarization predominantly classic or occult, secondary to ARMD, and treated with photodynamic therapy. Two hundred and fifty patients over 55 years old, without ophthalmologic pathology who went to hospital for an analytical routine check were used as control. The analysis of the data shows a significant difference between two groups. Allele HLA-B27 correlated positively with ARMD （p 〈 0.0113）. However, we didn＇t find alleles negatively associated. Thus HLA-B27 is an allele predisposed to suffer ARMD.

关键词： HLA alleles ARMD HLA B27 patient with ARMD

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Apomorphine effects on the hippocampus

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2064-2066页

作者： luis enrique Arroyo-García Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno Gonzalo Flores Laboratorio de Neuropsiquiatria Instituto de Fisiologia Benemerita Universidad Autenoma de Puebla Puebla Mexico Laboratorio de Neurociencia Celular y Plasticidad Universidad Pablo de Olavide Sevilla Spain

Apomorphine is a non-specific dopamine receptor agonist that has been used in the treatment of some diseases and mental disorders. Its use has particularly well documented in Parkinson＇s disease（PD）. The dopaminergic agonists like apomorphine are related to oxidative processes that could induce cell damage and the functional impairment of some structures in the brain. However, most information about apomorphine in literature is focused on the improvement of the motor problems characteristic of PD, but little is known about the effects on cognitive behaviors and brain structures indirectly related to motor function. The presence of dopaminergic receptors in the hippocampus has recently been discovered, in connection with cognitive behaviors like learning and memory, these receptors are needed in neuronal plasticity. There has been a growing interest to know if this structure could be compromised by the effect of apomorphine and elucidate if part of the cognitive impairment present in the PD is due to the effect of apomorphine. In this mini-review, we summarized how apomorphine has been used since its creation, we discuss the latest information about its effect on the hippocampus and also the future perspectives to fully understand the effects of this compound.

关键词： dopamine receptor apomorphine hippocampus learning and memory plasticity dendritic length oxidative stress Parkinson's disease

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Serum levels of chemokines in adolescents with major depression treated with fluoxetine

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2020年第8期10卷 175-186页

作者： Francisco Rafael de la Peña Carlos Cruz-Fuentes Lino Palacios Manuel Iván Girón-Pérez Emilio Medina-Rivero Maria Dolores Ponce-Regalado Samantha Alvarez-Herrera Gilberto Pérez-Sánchez enrique becerril-villanueva Joséluis Maldonado-García María C Jiménez-Martínez Lenin Pavón Adolescent Clinic Clinical ServicesNational Institute of Psychiatry“Ramón de la Fuente”Mexico City 14370Mexico Department of Psychiatric Genetics Clinical Research BranchNational Institute of Psychiatry“Ramón de la Fuente”Mexico City 14370Mexico Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit Laboratorio de InmunotoxicologíaBoulevard Tepic-Xalisco s/nCd de la Cultura Amado NervoTepic 63000Mexico Centro Nayarita de Innovación y Transferencia de Tecnología A.C.Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria-Unidad Nayarit Calle Tres s/n.Cd IndustrialTepic 63000NayaritMexico Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioprocesos Escuela Nacional de Ciencias BiológicasInstituto Politécnico NacionalUnidad Profesional Lázaro CárdenasMexico City 11340Mexico Departamento de Ciencias de Salud Centro Universitario de los AltosUniversidad de Guadalajara Av Rafael Casillas Aceves No.1200Tepatitlán de MorelosJalisco47610Mexico Laboratory of Psychoimmunology National Institute of Psychiatry“Ramón de la Fuente”Mexico City 14370Mexico Department of Immunology and Research Unit Institute of Ophthalmology“Conde de Valenciana Foundation”Mexico City 06800Mexico Department of Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineNational Autonomous University of MexicoMexico City 04510Mexico

BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder(MDD)is a global health issue that affects 350 million people of all *** between 2%and 5.6%of affected individuals are adolescents,research on young patients is *** inflammatory response contributes to the onset of depression,and in adult MDD patients,symptom severity has been linked to chemokine *** To determine the differences in circulatory levels of chemokines in healthy volunteers(HVs)and adolescents with MDD,and assess the changes induced by fluoxetine *** The 22 adolescents with MDD were monitored during the first 8 wk of clinical follow-up and clinical psychiatric evaluation was done using the Hamilton depresión rating scale(HDRS).The serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-1α,MIP-1β,interleukin(IL)-8,interferon gamma-induced protein(IP)-10,and eotaxin were measured in patients and *** In all cases,significant differences were detected in circulating chemokine levels between patients before treatment and HVs(P<0.0001).All chemokines decreased at 4 wk,but only MCP-1 and IL-8 significantly differed(P<0.05)between 0 wk and 4 *** the patients,all chemokines rose to their initial concentrations by 8 wk vs 0 wk,but only IP-10 did so significantly(P<0.05).All patients experienced a significant decrease in HDRS scores at 4 wk(P<0.0001)and 8 wk(P<0.0001)compared with 0 *** Despite the consumption of fluoxetine,patients had significantly higher chemokine levels,even after considering the improvement in HDRS *** high levels of eotaxin,IP-10,and IL-8 partially explain certain aspects that are affected in MDD such as cognition,memory,and learning.

关键词： Adolescents Major depression Chemokine Fluoxetine Interferon gammainduced protein-10

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Retina stem cells,hopes and obstacles

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2021年第10期13卷 1446-1479页

作者： Olga L German Harmonie Vallese-Maurizi Tamara B Soto Nora P Rotstein luis enrique Politi Department of Biology Biochemistry and PharmacyUniversidad Nacional del SurBahia blanca 8000Buenos AiresArgentina Department of Biology Biochemistry and PharmacyUniversidad Nacional del Surand Neurobiology DepartmentInstituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca(INIBIBB)ConicetBahía Blanca 8000Buenos AiresArgentina

Retinal degeneration is a major contributor to visual dysfunction *** it comprises several eye diseases,loss of retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)and photoreceptor cells are the major contributors to their *** therapies included diverse treatments,such as provision of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor and many survival and trophic factors that,in some cases,slow down the progression of the degeneration,but do not effectively prevent *** finding of stem cells(SC)in the eye has led to the proposal of cell replacement strategies for retina *** using different types of SC,such as retinal progenitor cells(RPCs),embryonic SC,pluripotent SCs(PSCs),induced PSCs(iPSCs),and mesenchymal stromal cells,capable of self-renewal and of differentiating into multiple cell types,have gained ample *** preclinical studies have assessed transplantation of SC in animal models,with encouraging *** aim of this work is to revise the different preclinical and clinical approaches,analyzing the SC type used,their efficacy,safety,cell attachment and integration,absence of tumor formation and immunorejection,in order to establish which were the most relevant and *** addition,we examine the questions and concerns still open in the *** data demonstrate the existence of two main approaches,aimed at replacing either RPE cells or *** evidence suggests that RPCs and iPSC are the best candidates,presenting no ethical concerns and a low risk of *** trials have already supported the safety and efficacy of SC *** concerns are pending,such as the risk of tumor formation,lack of attachment or integration of transplanted cells into host retinas,immunorejection,cell death,and also ***,the amazing progress in the field in the last few years makes it possible to envisage safe and effective treatments to restore vision loss in a near future.

关键词： Retina regeneration Stem cells Retina stem cell transplantation Cancer stem cells Photoreceptor replacement

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Development of a vehicle-track interaction model to predict the vibratory benefits of rail grinding in the time domain

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Journal of Modern Transportation 2015年第3期23卷 189-201页

作者： Julia Irene Real Clara Zamorano José luis Velarte Antonio enrique Blanco University Institute for Multidisciplinary Mathematics Polytechnic University of Valencia Foundation for the Research and Engineering in Railways

Imperfections in the wheel-rail contact are one of the main sources of generation of railway vibrations. Consequently, it is essential to take expensive corrective maintenance measures, the results of which may be unknown. In order to assess the effectiveness of these measures, this paper develops a vehicle-track interaction model in the time domain of a curved track with presence of rail corrugation on the inner rail. To characterize the behavior of the track, a numerical finite element model is developed using ANSYS software, while the behavior of the vehicle is characterized by a unidirectional model of two masses developed with VAMPIRE PRO software. The overloads obtained with the dynamic model are applied to the numerical model and then, the vibrational response of the track is obtained. Results are validated with real data and used to assess the effectiveness of rail grinding in the reduction of wheel-rail forces and the vibration generation phenomenon.

关键词： Corrugation · Dynamic overloads · Finiteelement method · Vibrations

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Towards an integrated risk analysis security framework according to a systematic analysis of existing proposals

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2024年第3期18卷 199-216页

作者： Antonio SANTOS-OLMO luis enrique SÁNCHEZ David G.ROSADO Manuel A.SERRANO Carlos BLANCO Haralambos MOURATIDIS Eduardo FERNÁNDEZ-MEDINA GSyA Research Group University of Castilla-La ManchaCiudad Real 13071Spain Institute for Analytics and Data Science University of EssexColchester CO43SQUK Alarcos Research Group University of Castilla-La ManchaCiudad Real 13071Spain ISTR Research group Department of Computer Science and ElectronicsUniversity of CantabriaSantander 39005Spain

The information society depends increasingly on risk assessment and management systems as means to adequately protect its key information *** availability of these systems is now vital for the protection and evolution of ***,several factors have led to an increasing need for more accurate risk analysis *** are:the speed at which technologies evolve,their global impact and the growing requirement for companies to *** analysis processes must consequently adapt to these new circumstances and new technological *** objective of this paper is,therefore,to present the results of an exhaustive analysis of the techniques and methods offered by the scientific community with the aim of identifying their main weaknesses and providing a new risk assessment and management *** analysis was carried out using the systematic review protocol and found that these proposals do not fully meet these new *** paper also presents a summary of MARISMA,the risk analysis and management framework designed by our research *** basis of our framework is the main existing risk standards and proposals,and it seeks to address the weaknesses found in these *** is in a process of continuous improvement,as is being applied by customers in several European and American *** consists of a risk data management module,a methodology for its systematic application and a tool that automates the process.

关键词： information security management security system security risk assessment and management

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Pancreatic and pulmonary mast cells activation during experimental acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第27期16卷 3411-3417页

作者： Inmaculada Lopez-Font Sabrina Gea-Sorlí enrique de-Madaria luis M Gutiérrez Miguel Pérez-Mateo Daniel Closa Gastroenterology Unit University General Hospital Alicante Spain Department of Experimental Pathology Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona Spanish National Research Council(IIBB-CSIC)Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi Sunyer(IDIBAPS) and Biomedical Research Centre Network on Liver and Digestive Diseases Neurosciences Institute Miguel Hernandez University-Spanish National Research Council(UMH-CSIC)Sant Joan d'Alacant Miguel Hernandez University School of Medicine

AIM:To study the activation of pancreatic and pulmonary mast cells and the effect of mast cell inhibition on the activation of peritoneal and alveolar macrophages during acute ***:Pancreatitis was induced by intraductal infusion of 5% sodium taurodeoxycholate in *** mast cell inhibitor cromolyn was administered intraperitoneally(i.p.) 30 min before pancreatitis *** pancreatic and pulmonary tissue damage was evaluated histologically and mast cells and their state of activation were *** and alveolar macrophages were obtained and the expression of tumor necrosis factor α was *** activity was measured to evaluate the effect of mast cell inhibition on the progression of the inflammatory ***,the effect of plasma on cultured mast cells or macrophages was evaluated in ***:The mast cell stabilizer signif icantly reduced inflammation in the pancreas and lung and the activation of alveolar macrophages but had no effect on peritoneal *** cell degranulation was observed in the pancreas during pancreatitis but no changes were observed in the *** from rats with pancreatitis could activate alveolar macrophages but did not induce degranulation of mast cells in ***:Pancreatic mast cells play an important role in triggering the local and systemic inflammatory response in the early stages of acute *** contrast,lung mast cells are not directly involved in the inflammatory response related to pancreatic damage.

关键词： Cytokines Inflammation Macrophages Mast cells Pancreatitis

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Trehalose and Sucrose Osmolytes Accumulated by Algae as Potential Raw Material for Bioethanol

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Natural Resources 2011年第3期2卷 173-179页

作者： Ma.del Pilar Bremauntz luis G.Torres-Bustillos Rosa-Olivia Canizares-villanueva enrique Duran-Paramo luis Fernández-Linares Laboratory of Bioprocesses Department of BioprocessesUnidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnologia UPIBI-Instituto Politecnico NacionalMexico CityMexico Departamento de Biotecnologia y Bioingenieria Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados-IPNMexico CityMexico

Currently, obtaining sustainable fuels, such as biodiesel and bioethanol, from cheap and renewable materials is a challenge. In recent years, a new approach being developed consists of producing, sugars from algae by photosynthesis. Sugar accumulation can be increased under osmotic stress (osmoregulation). The aim of this study is to show the pro-duction of sugars from algae, isolated from natural sources, and the effect of osmotic stress on fermentable sugars ac-cumulation. Strain isolation, production of sugars from each alga and the effect of osmotic stress on growth and sugar production are described. Twelve algal strains were isolated, showing growths between 0.6 and 1.8 g of biomass dry weight /L, all with production of intracellular and extracellular sugars. The strain identified as Chlorella sp. showed an increase in sugar production from 23.64 to 421 mg of sugars/g of biomass dry weight after 24 h of osmotic stress with 0.4 M NaCl. Sucrose and trehalose, both fermentable sugars, were the compatible osmolytes accumulated in response to the osmotic stress. The isolated strains are potential producers of fermentable sugars, using the photosynthetic pathway and osmotic stress.

关键词： Algae Biofuels Osmoregulators Carbohydrates Bioethanol

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The Pact for Mexico as a Mechanism of Governance and Legitimacy

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International Relations and Diplomacy 2014年第11期2卷 736-747页

作者： luis enrique Concepcion Montiel Autonomous University of Baja California USA

Govemability is the quality of a political community, according to which its institutions of Government act effectively within its space, in a way considered legitimate by the citizens, thus allowing the flee exercise of the political will of the Executive branch through civic obedience of the people. Recently in Mexico, it has referred repeatedly to the precariousness of the governability by the incidence of insecurity, unemployment and extreme poverty. The Pact for Mexico--attempts to answer to these problems--is a political agreement between the President of the Republic and the three main parties--Institutional Revolutionary Party （PRI）, the National Action Party （PAN）, and the Party of the Democratic Revolution （PRD）--for big actions and specific reforms which, according to the signatories, will see Mexico toward a more prosperous future, leading the democratic transition and drive economic growth that generates quality jobs and allow to reduce poverty and social inequality. In this sense, the main axes of the Pact include those related to economic growth, competitiveness, employment, security and agreements for governability. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Pact for Mexico from the perspective of govemability, since its dimensions of legitimacy and effectiveness. It will analyze the main reforms and political agreements, the role of Congress and the main actors; as well as the arguments of those who defend the Pact stating that it is a mechanism of governability and those who reject it that it overshadows the work of the legislature.

关键词： govemability governance legitimacy pact

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