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Corrosion testing of X52 and X80 steels immersed in stimulated emulsions using a real petroleum sample

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Petroleum Research 2024年第2期9卷 304-316页

作者： l.m.Quej-Ake j.l.Alamilla A.Contreras Instituto mexicano del Petróleo Eje Central Lázaro CárdenasNorte 152San Bartolo AtepehuacanGustavo A.MaderoCiudad de MéxicoC.P.07730México

The aim of this study is to evaluate the internal corrosion process on X52 and X80 steels/real petroleum interfaces containing condensed hydrocarbon plus oilfield-produced water,which were subjected to stimulated emulsions using 50/50 vol ratio mixtures at 45℃,different hydrodynamic conditions,1 h,and 24 h.A washing process by using deionized water was proposed to simulate and identify the corrosiveness of the hydrocarbon phase after 24 h of exposure *** characterization by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and the monitoring of the polarization curves indicated that X80 steel/oilfield-produced water interfaces were more susceptible to corrosion than X52 steel exposed to oilfield-produced *** combined speed rotation of 600 rpm using a magnetic stirrer+600 rpm using a rotating disk electrode decreased the corrosion rate on X52 *** stimulated emulsions made of hydrocarbon+oilfield-produced water and hydrocarbon+deionized water at 24 h increased the corrosion rate on X80 steel(0.34 mm/year and 0.43 mm/year,respectively),promoting the formation of erosion and pitting *** types of corrosion depended mainly on the physicochemical properties of the hydrocarbon,oilfield-produced water,exposure times,and hydrodynamic systems in which the hydrocarbon was studied.

关键词： Corrosion Emulsions X52 steel X80 steel

Semi-analytical investigation of heat transfer in a porous convective radiative moving longitudinal fin exposed to magnetic field in the presence of a shape-dependent trihybrid nanofluid

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Applied mathematics and mechanics(English Edition) 2024年第1期45卷 197-216页

作者： C.G.PAVITHRA B.j.GIREESHA m.l.KEERTHI Department of PG Studies and Research in mathematics Kuvempu UniversityShankaraghatta 577451India Department of mathematics and Statistics M.S.Ramaiah University of Applied SciencesBengaluru 560058India

The thermal examination of a non-integer-ordered mobile fin with a magnetism in the presence of a trihybrid nanofluid(Fe_3O_4-Au-Zn-blood) is carried out. Three types of nanoparticles, each having a different shape, are considered. These shapes include spherical(Fe_3O_4), cylindrical(Au), and platelet(Zn) configurations. The combination approach is utilized to evaluate the physical and thermal characteristics of the trihybrid and hybrid nanofluids, excluding the thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. These two properties are inferred by means of the interpolation method based on the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The governing equation is transformed into a dimensionless form, and the Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTm) is adopted to solve the conundrum of a moving fin immersed in a trihybrid nanofluid. The obtained results agree well with those numerical simulation results, indicating that this research is reliable. The influence of diverse factors on the thermal overview for varying noninteger values of γ is analyzed and presented in graphical representations. Furthermore, the fluctuations in the heat transfer concerning the pertinent parameters are studied. The results show that the heat flux in the presence of the combination of spherical, cylindrical, and platelet nanoparticles is higher than that in the presence of the combination of only spherical and cylindrical nanoparticles. The temperature at the fin tip increases by 0.705 759% when the value of the Peclet number increases by 400%, while decreases by 11.825 13% when the value of the Hartman number increases by 400%.

关键词： convection radiation moving longitudinal fin Adomian decomposition Sumudu transform method(ADSTm) trihybrid nanofluid magnetic field

Consumer transparency in the production chain for plant varieties produced using new genomic techniques

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aBIOTECH 2024年第2期5卷 239-246页

作者： j.m.lukasiewicz C.C.m.van de Wiel l.A.P.lotz m.j.m.Smulders Wageningen University&Research P.O.Box 386NL-6700 AJ WageningenThe Netherlands

Plants edited with new genomic techniques(NGTs)currently fall under the Genetically modified Organisms Directive(2001/18/EC)in the European *** the proposal of the European Commission,NGT plants are partially exempted from the regulations of this *** proposal makes a distinction between two categories of NGT plants:NGT-1 and ***-1 category plants are considered equal to plants obtained through conventional breeding *** plants will not be labelled for the consumer,although they will be labelled as ***-2 category plants may be labelled with additional information as a positive *** of seeds of varieties made with gene editing,but not the products,would mean that most steps in the production chain are transparent,but not the last step towards ***“right to know”and increasing knowledge of gene-edited food is a common theme in food labelling towards ***,we describe current labelling regimes and registers and how these may be applied to provide transparency on gene-edited products to ***,we also look into consumer studies,which indicate a greater acceptance of gene-edited food among consumers,especially when additional benefits such as sustainability are mentioned.

关键词： labelling New genomic techniques Consumer transparency Plant products

气候变化对北极淡水生态系统的水文生态学影响

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AmBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第7期35卷 347-357页

作者： Terry D.Prowse Frederick j.Wrona james D.Reist john j.Gibson john E.Hobbie lucie m.j.lévesque Warwick F.Vincent 梁虹 Water and Climate Impacts Research Centre National Water Research Institute of Environment CanadaDepartment of GeographyUniversity of Victoria National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada Water Science and Technology Directoratec/o Department of GeographyUniversity of Victoria Fisheries and Oceans Canada 501 University Crescent National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada Department of GeographyUniversity of Victoria marine Biological laboratory The Ecosystems Center National Hydrology Research Centre Environment Canada Dépt de biologie & Centre d'études nordiques Université Laval

北极淡水-陆地系统变暖的速度通常大于全球平均速度,特别是在秋季和冬季。许多低温层组分的减少或消失,以及从多雪到多雨气候类型的转变将对淡水生态系统产生多种影响,其中最显著的是春汛优势地位的下降和河冰融解强度的变化。无冰期的... 详细信息

北极淡水-陆地系统变暖的速度通常大于全球平均速度,特别是在秋季和冬季。许多低温层组分的减少或消失,以及从多雪到多雨气候类型的转变将对淡水生态系统产生多种影响,其中最显著的是春汛优势地位的下降和河冰融解强度的变化。无冰期的延长、气温和水温的升高、高蒸腾植物的增加,以及永久冻土融化引起的渗透性增加将使植物蒸腾作用或土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量增加,从而造成地表水位和面积下降。冰盖和永久冻土的减少、水温升高和植被类型变化对水化学的影响通常是使激流和静水群落生产力增加。冰盖和淡水流量或水位的变化导致北极圈动物栖息地可获得性和质量的某些方面的变化。

关键词：淡水生态系统北极圈土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量气候变化生态学水文平均速度地表水位

与气候变化相关的北极淡水生态系统的一般特征

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AmBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第7期35卷 330-338页

作者： Terry D.Prowse Frederick j.Wrona james D.Reist john E.Hobbie lucie m.j.lévesque Warwick F.Vincent 林宝法 Water and Climate Impacts Research Centre National Water Research Institute of Environment CanadaDepartment of GeographyUniversity of Victoria National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada Water Science and Technology Directoratec/o Department of GeographyUniversity of Victoria Fisheries and Oceans Canada 501 University Crescent marine Biological laboratory The Ecosystems Center National Hydrology Research Centre Environment Canada Dépt de biologie & Centre d'éudes nordiques Université Laval

在北极附近存在的两大类淡水生态系统,即:激流(流水;如:河流、溪流、三角洲及河口)和死水(静水;如湖泊、池塘及湿地)生态系统,它们在大小、丰度及生物群方面存在着巨大的差异。北极的气候,其许多的组分沿纬度梯度呈现出强烈的变化,直接... 详细信息

在北极附近存在的两大类淡水生态系统,即:激流(流水;如:河流、溪流、三角洲及河口)和死水(静水;如湖泊、池塘及湿地)生态系统,它们在大小、丰度及生物群方面存在着巨大的差异。北极的气候,其许多的组分沿纬度梯度呈现出强烈的变化,直接影响这些水生系统中的各种物理、化学及生物学过程。此外,北极气候通过控制陆地水文系统和过程,特别是那些与诸如永久冻土、淡水冰和雪聚积/融化等低温层组分有关的,而产生其它间接的生态影响。北极淡水系统的生态结构和功能也受外部过程和条件的控制,特别是在主要北极河流源头和毗邻海洋环境中的那些。物理、化学及生物组分穿过互连的死水和激流淡水生态系统的运动是北极淡水生态的主要决定因素。

关键词：淡水生态系统气候变化北极特征生物组分生物学过程纬度梯度水生系统

气候变化对水生生物区系,生态系统结构和功能的影响

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AmBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第7期35卷 358-366页

作者： Frederick j.Wrona Terry D.Prowse james D.Reist john E.Hobbie lucie m.j.lévesque Warwick F.Vincent 梁虹 National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada Water Science and Technology Directoratec/o Department of GeographyUniversity of Victoria Water and Climate Impacts Research Centre National Water Research Institute of Environment CanadaDepartment of GeographyUniversity of Victoria Fisheries and Oceans Canada 501 University Crescent marine Biological laboratory The Ecosystems Center National Hydrology Research Centre Environment Canada Dépt de biologie & Centre d'eudes nordiques Université Laval

气候变化将引起水生生物地球化学过程(包括碳动力变化)、水生食物网结构、动态和生物多样性以及初级和次级生产力的显著变化,影响水生哺乳动物和水禽的分布范围、分布型、栖息地质量和数量。未来永久冻土融化的增加将使营养物、沉积物... 详细信息

气候变化将引起水生生物地球化学过程(包括碳动力变化)、水生食物网结构、动态和生物多样性以及初级和次级生产力的显著变化,影响水生哺乳动物和水禽的分布范围、分布型、栖息地质量和数量。未来永久冻土融化的增加将使营养物、沉积物和水生系统的碳负荷增加,对淡水的化学成分产生正负作用。营养物和碳富集将促进营养物循环和生产力提高,改变含碳痕量气体的形成和消耗。因此,作为碳汇或源的水生生态系统的状态将发生改变。气候变化对北极大部分地区淡水生态系统的生物多样性也具有显著影响,影响和响应的大小、程度和持续时间将随系统和位点而异。对水生哺乳动物和水禽的影响包括迁徙路径和时间改变,由于疾病和寄生虫感染而可能使死亡率升高、生长和生产力下降,以及或许发生栖息地适合性和可获得时间变化。

关键词：水生哺乳动物生态系统结构气候变化生物区系生物地球化学过程淡水生态系统次级生产力生物多样性

气候变化对北极淡水生态系统及渔业的影响:北极气候影响评估(ACIA)的背景,基本原理及做法

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AmBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第7期35卷 326-329页

作者： Frederick j.Wrona Terry D.Prowse james D.Reist john E.Hobbie lucie m.j.lévesque Warwick F.Vincent 林宝法 National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada Water Science and Technology Directoratec/o Department of GeographyUniversity of Victoria Water and Climate Impacts Research Centre National Water Research Institute of Environment CanadaDepartment of GeographyUniversity of Victoria Fisheries and Oceans Canada 501 University Crescent marine Biological laboratory The Ecosystems Center National Hydrology Research Centre Environment Canada Dépt de biologie & Centre d'éudes nordiques Université Laval

北极的气候变化和紫外辐射水平的变化将具有深远的影响,会影响各营养级的水生物种、构成其生境的物理和化学环境以及作用于淡水生态系统和其内部的过程。诸如温度和降水之类的气候变量与淡水生态系统的相互作用高度复杂并能够以难以预... 详细信息

北极的气候变化和紫外辐射水平的变化将具有深远的影响,会影响各营养级的水生物种、构成其生境的物理和化学环境以及作用于淡水生态系统和其内部的过程。诸如温度和降水之类的气候变量与淡水生态系统的相互作用高度复杂并能够以难以预测的方式在生态系统中蔓延。这部分是由于对北极淡水生态系统及其与气候和其他环境变量的相互关系缺乏了解,同时也由于北极地区缺乏长期的淡水监测点和综合的水文—生态学研究计划。本专刊中的文章是25名国际专家和他们各自的网络关于北极淡水水文学和相关的水生生态系统进行的分析的摘要,该摘要最初在2005年作为北极气候影响评估(ACIA)的"第8章——淡水生态系统和渔业"发表。这些文章广泛地概述了北极各种淡水系统的一般水文学和生态学特征,包括对每一个ACIA地区的描述,后面回顾了全新世期间淡水系统的历史变化。接着是气候变化对大尺度水文生态学、水生生物和生态系统结构和功能,以及北极鱼类和渔业影响的评估。还讨论了潜在的增效效应和累积效应以及紫外辐射和污染物的作用。文章利用环北极地区的案例研究结果说明了许多影响的性质和复杂性,以及重要的临界响应(即:那些产生分阶段影响和/或非线性影响的响应)。本期最后总结了关键的发现,并列举了科学认识方面的空白,以及与政策有关的建议。

关键词：淡水生态系统北极地区气候变化影响评估渔业影响生态学特征原理水生生态系统

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关键发现及科学认识的空白和政策建议

AmBIO－人类环境杂志 2006年第7期35卷 405-408页

作者： Frederick j.Wrona Terry D.Prowse james D.Reist john E.Hobbie lucie m.j.lévesque Warwick F.Vincent 辛良杰 National Water Research Institute of Environment Canada Water Science and Technology Directoratec/o Department of GeographyUniversity of Victoria Water and Climate Impacts Research Centre National Water Research Institute of Environment CanadaDepartment of GeographyUniversity of Victoria Fisheries and Oceans Canada 501 University Crescent marine Biological laboratory The Ecosystems Center National Hydrology Research Centre Environment Canada Dépt de biologie & Centre d'éudes nordiques Université Laval

引言总的来讲，北极地区气候和紫外辐射的变化将会产生深远的影响，其影响主要作用于不同营养级的水生物种，作为水生生物生境的自然环境及其化学性质，对水生生态系统起作用的进程和水生生态系统自身的进程。气候变量，例如气温和降水... 详细信息

引言总的来讲，北极地区气候和紫外辐射的变化将会产生深远的影响，其影响主要作用于不同营养级的水生物种，作为水生生物生境的自然环境及其化学性质，对水生生态系统起作用的进程和水生生态系统自身的进程。气候变量，例如气温和降水，与淡水生态系统的交互作用非常复杂，而且这种作用可以通过生态系统以某些不易察觉的方式扩散。系统的复杂性使准确预测气候和紫外辐射变化对淡水系统的影响增加了难度，尤其是那些跳跃式或非线形的临界反应，更难把握。由于缺乏对北极淡水系统与气候及其他环境变量之间的相互影响关系的了解，加上北极地区非常稀少的长期淡水监测站点和综合水文生态研究项目，我们的预测能力受到进一步的限制。

关键词：科学认识水生生态系统淡水生态系统地区气候北极地区紫外辐射淡水系统预测能力

Greatly enhanced corrosion/wear resistances of epoxy coating for mg alloy through a synergistic effect between functionalized graphene and insulated blocking layer

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journal of magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 332-344页

作者： Z.Y.Xue X.j.li j.H.Chu m.m.li D.N.Zou l.B.Tong School of metallurgical Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China State Key laboratory of Advanced Design and manufacturing for Vehicle Body Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

The poor corrosion and wear resistances of mg alloys seriously limit their potential applications in various *** conventional epoxy coating easily forms many intrinsic defects during the solidification process,which cannot provide sufficient *** the current study,we design a double-layer epoxy composite coating on mg alloy with enhanced anti-corrosion/wear properties,via the spin-assisted assembly *** outer layer is functionalized graphene(FG)in waterborne epoxy resin(WEP)and the inner layer is Ce-based conversion(Ce)*** FG sheets can be homogeneously dispersed within the epoxy matrix to fill the intrinsic defects and improve the barrier *** Ce film connects the outer layer with the substrate,showing the transition *** corrosion rate of Ce/WEP/FG composite coating is 2131 times lower than that of bare mg alloy,and the wear rate is decreased by~90%.The improved corrosion resistance is attributed to the labyrinth effect(hindering the penetration of corrosive medium)and the obstruction of galvanic coupling *** synergistic effect derived from the FG sheet and blocking layer exhibits great potential in realizing the improvement of multi-functional integration,which will open up a new avenue for the development of novel composite protection coatings of mg alloys.

关键词： mg alloy Functionalized graphene Epoxy coating Corrosion/wear resistance Blocking layer