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Corneal collagen cross-linking in patients with keratoconus from the Dresden protocol to customized solutions:theoretical basis

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第5期17卷 951-962页

作者： Ciro Caruso luca D’Andrea Mario Troisi Michele rinaldi Raffaele Piscopo Salvatore Troisi Ciro Costagliola Corneal Transplant Center Pellegrini HospitalVia Portamedina alla Pignasecca 41Napoli 80127Italy Eye Clinic Department of NeurosciencesReproductive and Odontostomatological SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaples 80131Italy Public Health Department University of Naples Federico IINaples 80131Italy Salerno Hospital University Ophthalmologic UnitBaronissiCampania 84131Italy

Keratoconus is an ectatic condition characterized by gradual corneal thinning,corneal protrusion,progressive irregular astigmatism,corneal fibrosis,and visual *** therapeutic options regarding improvement of visual function include glasses or soft contact lenses correction for initial stages,gas-permeable rigid contact lenses,scleral lenses,implantation of intrastromal corneal ring or corneal transplants for most advanced *** keratoconus cases showing disease progression corneal collagen crosslinking(CXL)has been proven to be an effective,minimally invasive and safe *** consists of a photochemical reaction of corneal collagen by riboflavin stimulation with ultraviolet A radiation,resulting in stromal crosslinks *** aim of this review is to carry out an examination of CXL methods based on theoretical basis and mathematical models,from the original Dresden protocol to the most recent developments in the technique,reporting the changes proposed in the last 15y and examining the advantages and disadvantages of the various treatment ***,the limits of non-standardized methods and the perspectives offered by a customization of the treatment are highlighted.

关键词： corneal collagen cross linking keratoconus custom fast protocol Dresden protocol lambert-beer law Bunsen-roscoe law

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Chronic hepatitis C,atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease: What impact of direct-acting antiviral treatments?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第41期24卷 4617-4621页

作者： Luigi Elio Adinolfi luca rinaldi Riccardo Nevola Department of Medical SurgicalNeurologicalMetabolicand Geriatric SciencesUniversity of Campania "L.Vanvitelli"

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with extrahepatic manifestations, among these there is an increased risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease as well as an increased cardiovascular mortality. Several direct and indirect HCV pro-atherogenic mechanisms have been proposed. HCV lives and replicates within carotid plaques, promoting a local environment of pro-atherogenic factors. In addition, it causes conditions such as insulin resistance, diabetes, hepatic steatosis, cryoglobulinemia and endotoxinemia that are associated with the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Therapeutic regimens based on direct-acting antiviral agents (DAA) are currently available with high efficacy in HCV clearance and improvement of liver disease, but does HCV eradication also improve atherosclerosis and the risk of cardiovascular disease? Recently, a multi-center study has shown that elimination of HCV improves carotid atherosclerosis. Two studies have shown that DAA treatments significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Several studies have assessed the impact of HCV clearance on pro-atherosclerosis metabolic conditions showing improvement in cardiovascular risk biomarkers, disappearance or improvement of insulin resistance, reduction of risk of developing diabetes and improvement of glycemic control. There are also evidences that HCV clearance promotes the recovery of cytokines and inflammatory markers associated with atherosclerosis and the disappearance of cryoglobulinemia. Available data show that clearance of HCV by DAAs is associated with an improvement in atherosclerosis and metabolic and immunological conditions that promote the development of cardiovascular disease. However, the data are not sufficient to allow definitive conclusions and further studies will be needed to definitively clarify the impact of HCV clearance on atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

关键词： Direct-acting antiviral agents Hepatitis C virus Atherosclerosis Insulin resistance Cardiovascular disease

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Predictors of early and late hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第8期29卷 1243-1260页

作者： Riccardo Nevola Rachele Ruocco Livio Criscuolo Angela Villani Maria Alfano Domenico Beccia Simona Imbriani Ernesto Claar Domenico Cozzolino Ferdinando Carlo Sasso Aldo Marrone Luigi Elio Adinolfi luca rinaldi Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80138Italy Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit Ospedale Evangelico BetaniaNaples 80147Italy

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most frequent liver neoplasm,and its incidence rates are constantly *** the availability of potentially curative treatments(liver transplantation,surgical resection,thermal ablation),long-term outcomes are affected by a high recurrence rate(up to 70%of cases 5 years after treatment).HCC recurrence within 2 years of treatment is defined as“early”and is generally caused by the occult intrahepatic spread of the primary neoplasm and related to the tumor burden.A recurrence that occurs after 2 years of treatment is defined as“late”and is related to de novo HCC,independent of the primary *** HCC recurrence has a significantly poorer prognosis and outcome than late *** pathogenesis corresponds to different predictors of the risk of early or late *** adequate knowledge of predictive factors and recurrence risk stratification guides the therapeutic strategy and post-treatment *** at high risk of HCC recurrence should be referred to treatments with the lowest recurrence rate and when standardized to combined or adjuvant therapy *** review aimed to expose the recurrence predictors and examine the differences between predictors of early and late recurrence.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Early recurrence Late recurrence Predictors Liver transplant Liver resection Thermal ablation

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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease:beyond the liver is an emerging multifaceted systemic disease

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2018年第2期7卷 143-146页

作者： Luigi Elio Adinolfi Aldo Marrone luca rinaldi Department of Medical SurgicalNeurologicalMetabolic and Geriatric SciencesUniversity of Campania"Luigi Vanvitelli"NaplesItaly

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has become the most frequent liver disease in the world and is characterized by an accumulation of intrahepatic triglycerides above 5%of hepatocytes in the absence of significan... 详细信息

关键词： liver NAFLD beyond

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Impact of chronic liver disease on SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes:Roles of stage,etiology and vaccination

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第5期29卷 800-814页

作者： Riccardo Nevola Livio Criscuolo Domenico Beccia Augusto Delle Femine Rachele Ruocco Simona Imbriani Maria Alfano Angela Villani Antonio Russo Pasquale Perillo Raffaele Marfella Luigi Elio Adinolfi Ferdinando Carlo Sasso Aldo Marrone luca rinaldi Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences University of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80138Italy Internal Medicine and Hepatology Unit Ospedale Evangelico BetaniaNaples 80147Italy Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine University of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples 80138Italy

Since the first identification in December of 2019 and the fast spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection,it has represented a dramatic global public health *** affecting mainly the respiratory system,SARS-CoV-2 disease,defined as coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),may have a systemic involvement leading to multiple organ *** evidence about the SARS-CoV-2 tropism for the liver and the increasing of hepatic cytolysis enzymes during infection support the presence of a pathophysiological relationship between liver and *** the other side,patients with chronic liver disease have been demonstrated to have a poor prognosis with *** particular,patients with liver cirrhosis appear extremely vulnerable to ***,the etiology of liver disease and the vaccination status could affect the COVID-19 *** review analyzes the impact of the disease stage and the related causes on morbidity and mortality,clinical outcomes during SARS-CoV-2 infection,as well as the efficacy of vaccination in patients with chronic liver disease.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 infection COVID-19 Chronic liver disease Cirrhosis Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Liver injury

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Evolving paradigms

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第36期23卷 6571-6592页

作者： Amedeo Lonardo Fabio Nascimbeni Mauro Maurantonio Alessandra Marrazzo luca rinaldi Luigi Elio Adinolfi Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena Ospedale Civile di Baggiovara University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Department of Medical SurgicalNeurologicalGeriatricand Metabolic SciencesUniversity of Campania“Luigi Vanvitelli”

In the last years new evidence has accumulated on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)challenging the paradigms that had been holding the scene over the previous 30 *** has such an epidemic prevalence as to make it impossible to screen general population looking for NAFLD ***,focusing on those cohorts of individuals exposed to the highest risk of NAFLD could be a more rational ***,which can be diagnosed with either non-invasive strategies or through liver biopsy,is a pathogenically complex and clinically heterogeneous *** existence of metabolic as opposed to genetic-associated disease,notably including"lean NAFLD"has recently been ***,NAFLD is a systemic condition,featuring metabolic,cardiovascular and(hepatic/extrahepatic)cancer *** the clinico-laboratory features of NAFLD we discuss hyperuricemia,insulin resistance,atherosclerosis,gallstones,psoriasis and selected endocrine *** is a precursor of type 2 diabetes(T2D)and metabolic syndrome and progressive liver disease develops in T2D patients in whom the course of disease is worsened by ***,lifestyle changes and drug treatment options to be implemented in the individual patient are also critically *** conclusion,this review emphasizes the new concepts on clinical and pathogenic heterogeneity of NAFLD,a systemic disorder with a multifactorial pathogenesis and protean clinical *** is highly prevalent in certain cohorts of individuals who are thus potentially amenable to selective screening strategies,intensive follow-up schedules for early identification of liver-related and extrahepatic complications and in whom earlier and more aggressive treatment schedules should be carried out whenever possible.

关键词： Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Biomarkers Clinical correlates Diagnosis Epidemiology Genetics Liver histology Management Metabolic Syndrome Pathogenesis Screening Type 2 diabetes

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Interpreting siliciclastic sedimentation in the upper Paleozoic Mulargia-Escalaplano Basin(Sardinia, Italy):influence of tectonics on provenance

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2024年第1期13卷 18-34页

作者： luca G.Costamagna Sara Criniti Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche Citadella UniversitariaBlocco A09042 Monserrato CAItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Ambiente Universita della Calabria87036 Arcavacata di Rende CSItaly

Late to post-Variscan molassic basins of Late Pennsylvanian-Permian age are exposed in Sardinia(Italy). Here, the compositional and stratigraphic evolution of the Mulargia-Escalaplano sedimentary basin(central Sardinia) has been investigated to highlight how the tectono-magmatic processes have influenced the sedimentation. Ruditic and arenitic samples were collected along well-characterized stratigraphic sections to provide a new insight into the impact of the tectono-magmatic processes on siliciclastic sedimentation. As a result, the conglomerates are mainly clast-supported, petromictic, and thus immature, with no defined maturity trend upwards. Nevertheless, pebble composition changes in times from Variscan basement pebble-rich to volcanic rock-rich, as a consequence of the basin widening and the dismantling and reworking of the coeval volcanic activity. The sandstone composition clearly changes from quartzolithic to feldspatholithic upwards, as a response to the same change of feeding and reworking of the volcanic rocks. Occasionally, interbedded quartzolithic arenites suggest exceptional floods carrying debris from the far borders of the basin. Also, the immature sandstone composition has been interpreted as being controlled by a continuous supply of fresh debris and to a rapid burial rate. In addition, the disappearance of metaradiolarite(lydite AA) Paleozoic grains in the sandstone mineral suite could represent a distinctive marker of a progressive unroofing of the Variscan chain and a clastic supply from deeper tectonic units.

关键词： Petrography Stratigraphy Provenance Molassic basins Sardinia

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Well-Posedness of Stochastic Continuity Equations on Riemannian Manifolds

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2024年第1期45卷 81-122页

作者： luca GALIMBERTI Kenneth H.KARLSEN Department of Mathematical Sciences NTNU Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyN-7491 TrondheimNorway Department of mathematics University of OsloP.O.Box 1053BlindernN-0316 OsloNorway

The authors analyze continuity equations with Stratonovich stochasticity,■ρ+divh[ρo(u(t,x)+∑_(i=1)^(N)a_(i)(x)w_(i)(t))]=0defined on a smooth closed Riemannian manifold M with metric *** velocity field u is perturbed by Gaussian noise terms Wi(t),:WN(t)driven by smooth spatially dependent vector fields a1(x),...,aN(x)on *** velocity u belongs to L_(t)^(1)W_(x)^(1,2)with divh u bounded in Lf,for p>d+2,where d is the dimension of M(they do not assume div_(h) u∈L_(t,x)^(∞)).For carefully chosen noise vector fields ai(and the number N of them),they show that the initial-value problem is well-posed in the class of weak L^(2) solutions,although the problem can be ill-posed in the deterministic case because of concentration *** proof of this“regularization by noise”result is based on a L^(2) estimate,which is obtained by a duality method,and a weak compactness argument.

关键词： Stochastic continuity equation Riemannian manifold Hyperbolic equa-tion Non-smooth velocity field Weak solution Existence Uniqueness

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Type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors in neurological diseases:clinical applications based on preclinical findings

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 16-21页

作者： Marika Alborghetti Edoardo Bianchini Lanfranco De Carolis Silvia Galli Francesco E.Pontieri Domiziana rinaldi Neurology Unit NESMOS DepartmentFaculty of Medicine&PsychologySapienza-University of RomeSant’Andrea University HospitalRomeItaly Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology IRCCS-Fondazione Santa LuciaRomeItaly

Type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors,encompassing selegiline,rasagiline,and safinamide,are available to treat Parkinson's *** drugs ameliorate motor symptoms and improve motor fluctuation in the advanced stages of the *** is also evidence suppo rting the benefit of type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors on non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease,such as mood deflection,cognitive impairment,sleep disturbances,and *** studies indicate that type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors hold a strong neuroprotective potential in Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases for reducing oxidative stress and stimulating the production and release of neurotrophic factors,particularly glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor,which suppo rt dopaminergic ***,safinamide may interfere with neurodegenerative mechanisms,countera cting excessive glutamate overdrive in basal ganglia motor circuit and reducing death from *** to the dual mechanism of action,the new generation of type-B monoamine oxidase inhibitors,including safinamide,is gaining interest in other neurological pathologies,and many supporting preclinical studies are now *** potential fields of application concern epilepsy,Duchenne muscular dystrophy,multiple scle rosis,and above all,ischemic brain *** purpose of this review is to investigate the preclinical and clinical pharmacology of selegiline,rasagiline,and safinamide in Parkinson's disease and beyond,focusing on possible future therapeutic applications.

关键词： glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor(GDNF) glutamate neurological disorders neuroprotection Parkinson's disease preclinical studies rasagiline safinamide selegiline type-B monoamine oxidase(MAO_(B))inhibitors

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Prevention of hepatitis B reactivation in patients with hematologic malignancies treated with novel systemic therapies:Who and Why?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第5期30卷 509-511页

作者： Matteo Tonnini Clara Solera Horna luca Ielasi Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences University of BolognaBologna 40138Italy Division of Internal Medicine Hepatobiliary and Immunoallergic DiseasesIRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di BolognaBologna 40138Italy Infectious Disease Unit Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio EmiliaReggio Emilia 42123Italy Department of Internal Medicine Ospedale degli Infermi di FaenzaFaenza 48018Italy

The risk of reactivation in patients with chronic or past/resolved hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection receiving chemotherapy or immunosuppressive drugs is a wellknown *** indication of antiviral prophylaxis with nucleo(t)side analogue is given according to the risk of HBV reactivation of the prescribed *** the advent of new drugs is occurring in all the field of medicine,in the setting of hematologic malignancies the last few years have been characterized by several drug classes and innovative cellular *** novel therapies,there are few data about the rate of HBV reactivation and the decision of starting or not an antiviral prophylaxis could be ***,patients are often treated with a combination of different drugs,so evaluating the actual role of these new therapies in increasing the risk of HBV reactivation is *** results are now available,but further studies are still *** with chronic HBV infection[hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)positive]are reasonably all ***/resolved HBV patients(HBsAg negative)are the actual area of uncertainty where it could be difficult choosing between prophylaxis and pre-emptive strategy.

关键词： Hepatitis B reactivation Hepatitis B virus Antiviral prophylaxis Hematologic malignancies Chimeric antigens receptor-T cell therapy Immune checkpoint inhibitors

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