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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 134-143页

作者： Briana K.BROWN Elizabeth SOULE les kaufman Biology Department Boston University

The Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary （southern Gulf of Maine, northwest Atlantic） is partially overlapped by the Western Gulf of Maine Closure Area （WGMCA）. This is a region in which mobile, bottom-disturbing fishing gear has been banned by the New England Fishery Management Council to facilitate the rebuilding of depleted gronndfish populations. We assessed the effects and effectiveness of the WGMCA on groundfish assemblages using habitat-stratified （gravel, sand, mixed benthic habitats） sampling by means of a commercial trawler, inside and outside of the WGMCA. Sampling occurred over three mouth-long sampling periods in 2004-2005, two during the spring seasons and one during the fall season. A total of 18 species were analyzed for protection effects. After controlling for substratum, location and sampling season, eight groundfish species exhibited higher mean proportional abundance inside than outside the WGMCA while two were proportionally more abundant on average outside of the closure. Four species had higher mean proportional biomasses on average inside the closure and three outside. We conclude that the WGMCA may be achieving its goal of rebuilding abundance and biomass for some commercially targeted groundfishes but not all. This study, six to seven years post-closure establishment, reveals fine-scale spatial and taxonomic complexity which will require a very different monitoring protocol than the one currently in place if adaptive management is to be successful in the region [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 134-143, 2010].

关键词： Effects of fishing Groundfish Gulf of Maine Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary Trawl closure

Alarm cue induces an antipredator morphological defense in juvenile Nicaragua cichlids Hypsophrys nicaraguensis

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 36-42页

作者： Maria E.ABATE Andrew G. ENG les kaufman Department of Biology Boston University Department of Neurosurgery University of Pennsylvania

Olfactory cues that indicate predation risk elicit a number of defensive behaviors in fishes, but whether they are sufficient to also induce morphological defenses has received little attention. Cichlids are characterized by a high level of morphological plasticity during development, and the few species that have been tested do exhibit defensive behaviors when exposed to alarm cues released from the damaged skin of conspecifics. We utilized young juvenile Nicaragua cichlids Hypsophrys nicaraguensis to test if the perception of predation risk from alarm cue （conspecific skin extract） alone induces an increased relative body depth which is a defense against gape-limited predators. After two weeks of exposure, siblings that were exposed to conspecific alarm cue increased their relative body depth nearly double the amount of those exposed to distilled water （control） and zebrafish Danio rerio alarm cue. We repeated our measurements over the last two weeks （12 and 14） of cue exposure when the fish were late-stage juveniles to test if the rate of increase was sustained; there were no differences in final dimensions between the three treatments. Our results show that 1） the Nicaragua cichlid has an innate response to conspecific alarm cue which is not a generalized response to an injured fish, and 2） this innate recognition ultimately results in developing a deeper body at a stage of the life history where predation risk is high [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 36-42, 2010].

关键词： Alarm substance Inducible defense Phenotypic plasticity Cichlid Chemical cue Antipredator

A complete genome for a commercial duck

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2024年第2期11卷 344-346页

作者： Jim kaufman Institute for Immunology and Infection Research University of EdinburghEdinburghEH93FLUK Department of Veterinary Medicine University of CambridgeCambridgeCB30ESUK

Biology has been revolutionized by the availability of whole genome sequences, along with all the associated approaches including genome-wide association studies, various-omics methodologies and now precise genome editing^([1–6]). The study of domesticated animal food species has already benefitted from these basic technologies(for a few examples out of many^([7–14])), and it is anticipated that there will be enormous advances arising from deep understanding and precise intervention. However, these improvements depend on the availability of a complete high-quality genomes.

关键词： genome precise complete

Clinical outcomes of combined versus separate carbachol and brimonidine drops in correcting presbyopia

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Eye and Vision 2016年第1期3卷 239-244页

作者： Almamoun Abdelkader Herbert E.kaufman Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of MedicineAl-Azhar UniversityCairoEgypt Department of Ophthalmology Louisiana State University Eye CenterLSU Medical SchoolNew OrleansLAUSA

Background:To test and compare in a masked fashion the efficacy of using a parasympathomimetic drug(3%carbachol)and an alpha-2 agonist(0.2%brimonidine)in both combined and separate forms to create optically beneficial miosis to pharmacologically improve vision in ***:A prospective,double-masked,randomized,controlled clinical trial was *** naturally emmetropic and presbyopic subjects between 42 and 58 years old with uncorrected distance visual acuity of at least 20/20 in both eyes without additional ocular pathology were eligible for *** subjects received 3%carbachol and 0.2%brimonidine in both combined and separate forms,3%carbachol alone and 0.2%brimonidine(control)alone in their non-dominant eye in a crossover manner with one week washout between *** subjects’pupil sizes and both near and distance visual acuities will be evaluated pre-and post-treatment at 1,2,4,and 8 h,by a masked examiner at the same room ***:Statistically significant improvement in mean near visual acuity(NVA)was achieved in all subjects who received combined 3%carbachol and 0.2% brimonidine in the same formula compared with those who received separate forms or carbachol alone or brimonidine alone(P<0.0001).Conclusion:Based on the data,the combined solution demonstrated greater efficacy than the other solutions that were *** the depth of focus by making the pupil small caused statistically significant improvement in near visual acuity,with no change in binocular distance *** registration:*** 11 November 2016.

关键词： Presbyopia Carbachol Brimonidine Depth of focus Miosis

Automatic target tracking on multi-resolution terrain

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第7期7卷 1275-1281页

作者： WAN Ming ZHANG Wei MURRAY Marie O. kaufman Ariet The Boeing Company P.O. Box 3707 MC 7L-40 Seattle W.4 98124-2207 USA Department of Computer Setence and Center for Visual Computing State University of New York at Stony BrookStony Brook NY 11794-4400 USA

We propose a high-performance path planning algorithm for automatic target tracking in the applications of real-time simulation and visualization of large-scale terrain datasets, with a large number of moving objects （such as vehicles） tracking multiple moving targets. By using a modified Dijkstra＇s algorithm, an optimal path between each vehicle-target pair over a weighted grid-presented terrain is computed and updated to eliminate the problem of local minima and losing of tracking. Then, a dynamic path re-planning strategy using multi-resolution representation of a dynamic updating region is proposed to achieve high-performance by trading-off precision for efficiency, while guaranteeing accuracy. Primary experimental results showed that our algorithm successfully achieved l0 to 96 frames per second interactive path-replanning rates during a terrain simulation scenario with 10 to 100 vehicles and multiple moving targets.

关键词： Target tracking Path planning Dijkstra's algorithm Voxel-based modeling Multi-resolution terrain Real-timevisualization and simulation

Mucinous cyst exhibiting severe dysplasia in gastric heterotopic pancreas associated withe gastrointestinal stromal tumour

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第43期13卷 5781-5782页

作者： Antony kaufman David Storey Cheok Soon Lee Rajmohan Murali Department of Anatomical Pathology Sydney Cancer Centre Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia Department of Surgery Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia Department of Anatomical Pathology Sydney Cancer Centre Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia Sydney Melanoma Unit Sydney Cancer Centre Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Camperdown New South Wales Australia

Heterotopic pancreatic tissue within the stomach is rare and dysplasia within heterotopic pancreatic tissue is very rare. We present the first report of a patient with concurrent occurrence of heterotopic pancreas in ... 详细信息

关键词： Dysplasia Gastrointestinal stromal tumour Heterotopic pancreas Mucinous cyst Stomach

Macro and micro issues in turbulent mixing

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2013年第10期56卷 2355-2360页

作者： MELVIN J kaufman R LIM H KAMAN T RAO P GLIMM J Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Stony Brook UniversityStony Brook NY 11794 USA

Numerical prediction of turbulent mixing can be divided into two subproblems: to predict the geometrical extent of a mixing region and to predict the mixing properties on an atomic or molecular scale, within the mixing region. The former goal suffices for some purposes, while important problems of chemical reactions(e.g. flames) and nuclear reactions depend critically on the second goal in addition to the first one. Here we review recent progress in establishing a conceptual reformulation of convergence, and we illustrate these concepts with a review of recent numerical studies addressing turbulence and mixing in the high Reynolds number limit. We review significant progress on the first goal, regarding the mixing region, and initial progress on the second goal, regarding atomic level mixing properties. New results concerning non-uniqueness of the infinite Reynolds number solutions and other consequences of a renormalization group point of view, to be published in detail elsewhere, are summarized *** notion of stochastic convergence(of probability measures and probability distribution functions) replaces traditional pointwise convergence. The primary benefit of this idea is its increased stability relative to the statistical "noise" which characterizes turbulent flow. Our results also show that this modification of convergence, with sufficient mesh refinement, may not be needed. However, in practice, mesh refinement is seldom sufficient and the stochastic convergence concepts have a *** to this circle of ideas is the observation that turbulent mixing, in the limit of high Reynolds number, appears to be non-unique. Not only have multiple solutions been observed(and published) for identical problems, but simple physics based arguments and more refined arguments based on the renormalization group come to the same *** of the non-uniqueness inherent in numerical models of high Reynolds number turbulence and mixing, we also include here numeri

关键词： stochastic convergence turbulent mixing renormalization group dynamic subgrid scale models

Update on pharmacotherapy for ocular surface squamous neoplasia

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Eye and Vision 2019年第1期6卷 201-212页

作者： Ghada Al Bayyat Dan Arreaza-kaufman Nandini Venkateswaran Anat Galor Carol L.Karp Bascom Palmer Eye Institute University of Miami900 NW 17th StreetMiamiFL 33136USA Miami Veterans Hospital MiamiFL 33125USA

The most frequently encountered non-pigmented tumor of the ocular surface is ocular surface squamous neoplasia(OSSN).Over the past two decades,the pharmacological management of OSSN has grown,with topical 5-fluorouracil,mitomycin,and interferon alpha 2b all being successfully used to treat this *** agents,such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),retinoic acid,cidofovir and Aloe vera,have less frequently been used in the treatment of *** review will discuss these pharmacologic agents,summarizing available data and presenting the approach to the treatment of these tumors.

关键词： Ocular surface squamous neoplasia(OSSN) Mitomycin-C Interferon alpha 2b 5-fluorouracil Conjunctival neoplasia Corneal neoplasia

Cataract surgery on post radial keratotomy patients

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2017年第7期10卷 1168-1170页

作者： Alessandro Meduri Mario Urso Giuseppe A. Signorino Miguel Rechichi Cosimo Mazzotta Stephen kaufman Department of Surgical Specialties Ophthalmology ClinicUniversity of Messina Department of Ophthalmology University Magna Graecia Mazzotta Cross-Linking & Refractive Surgery Center Department of Ophthalmology State University of New York-DownstateBrooklyn and Manhattan

This study aims to evaluate and to compare three different approaches of cataract surgery to patients with previous radial keratotomy（RK）, and to analyze the mechanical properties of the cornea after cataract surgery. Three groups of patients, each one including 8 eyes of patients with 16 RK incisions. The first group includes eyes with the first cataract incision superiorly, the second group in the temporal area, the third group in temporal area and a precautionary stabilizing suture across the RK incision adjacent to the main tunnel. In the first group intraoperative dehiscence occurred in three eyes（37.5%）： it required immediate application of a suture. In the second group dehiscence occurred intraoperatively in two radial scars（20%）： it required immediate application of a suture. In the third group, no intraoperative dehiscences were observed. The stabilizing suture of the RK incision works safer, with a lower risk of dehiscences and less postoperative astigmatism.

关键词： radial keratotomy scar dehiscence cataract

Rights and Disagreement

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Journal of Philosophy Study 2013年第3期3卷 228-245页

作者： Alexander kaufman University of Georgia

Constitutionally protected rights remove political issues from the control of the democratically elected legislature. Since such rights therefore limit the power of the majority, recent work in rights theory argues that the constitutional protection of rights is inconsistent with the fundamental democratic idea of government by the people. According to this view, democracies should assign the power to resolve questions regarding the nature and extent of individual rights to the majority. Constitutional attempts to remove such questions from the public agenda, it is argued, are disrespectful to citizens who disagree with the views embodied in the constitutionalized rights. I argue that this critique：（1） is insufficiently attentive to the question of when legislation by the majority constitutes a legitimate exercise of political power; and （2） underestimates the importance of securing the constitutive conditions of democratic self-government.

关键词： rights democracy constitutionalism judicial review representative government legitimacy