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From liver to hormones:The endocrine consequences of cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1073-1095页

作者： Juan Eduardo Quiroz-Aldave Elman Rolando Gamarra-Osorio María del Carmen Durand-Vásquez Luciana del Pilar Rafael-Robles Jhean Gabriel Gonzáles-Yovera María Alejandra Quispe-Flores Luis Alberto Concepción-Urteaga Alejandro Román-González José Paz-Ibarra Marcio José Concepción-Zavaleta Non-communicable Diseases Endocrinology Research LineHospital de Apoyo ChepénChepén 13871Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Víctor Lazarte EchegarayTrujillo 13006Peru Department of Endocrinology Clínica Javier PradoLima 15046Peru Department of Gastroenterology Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara IrigoyénLima 15018Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital de Emergencias GrauLima 15001Peru Internal Medicine Hospital Regional Docente de TrujilloTrujillo 13011Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Universitario de San Vicente FundaciónMedellin 050010Colombia Internal Medicine Universidad de AntioquiaMedellín 050010Colombia School of Medicine Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Endocrinology Hospital Nacional Edgardo Rebagliati MartinsLima 15072Peru Carrera de Medicina Humana Universidad Científica del SurLima 15067Peru

Hepatocrinology explores the intricate relationship between liver function and the endocrine *** liver diseases such as liver cirrhosis can cause endocrine disorders due to toxin accumulation and protein synthesis *** its importance,assessing endocrine issues in cirrhotic patients is frequently *** article provides a comprehensive review of the epidemiology,pathophysiology,diagnosis,and treatment of endocrine disturbances in liver *** review was conducted using the PubMed/Medline,EMBASE,and Scielo databases,encompassing 172 *** cirrhosis is associated with endocrine disturbances,including diabetes,hypoglycemia,sarcopenia,thyroid dysfunction,hypogonadotropic hypogonadism,bone disease,adrenal insufficiency,growth hormone dysfunction,and secondary *** optimal tools for diagnosing diabetes and detecting hypoglycemia are the oral glucose tolerance test and continuous glucose monitoring system,*** can be assessed through imaging and functional tests,while other endocrine disorders are evaluated using hormonal assays and imaging *** options include metformin,glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs,sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors,and insulin,which are effective and safe for diabetes *** standards are followed for managing hypoglycemia,and hormone replacement therapy is often necessary for other endocrine *** transplantation can address some of these problems.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Hypoglycemia Thyroid diseases Hypogonadism Metabolic bone diseases Liver cirrhosis

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老年人用药过多？通过共享决策减停用药

英国医学杂志中文版 2016年第12期19卷 685-690页

作者： Jesse Jansen Vasi Naganathan Stacy M Carter Andrew J McLachlan Brooke Nickel les irwig Carissa Bonner Jenny Doust Jim Colvin Aine Heaney Robin Turner Kirsten Mc Caffery 杨川 Sereening and Test Evaluation Program Sydney School of Public Health University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Centre for Medical Psychology and Evidence Based Decision Making University of Sydney Centre for Education and Research on Ageing Ageing and Alzheimer's Institute Concord Hospital University of Sydney Centre for Values Ethics and the Law in Medicine University of Sydney Faculty of Pharmacy University of Sydney Centre for Researchin Evidence BasedPractice BondUniversityQueenslandAustralia Health ConsumersNew South Wales Australia NPS MedicineWise Surry Hills NSWAustralia School of PublicHealth andCommunityMedicine Universityof New South WalesAustralia 北京大学公共卫生学院

用药过多问题逐渐被人们所承认，老年人不合理多重用药就是其中一个表现。多重用药通常定义为服用超过5种常规处方药。多重用药在利大于弊的情况下是可行的，但是其增加了老年人发生药物不良反应、身体和认知功能受损及住院的风险。老... 详细信息

用药过多问题逐渐被人们所承认，老年人不合理多重用药就是其中一个表现。多重用药通常定义为服用超过5种常规处方药。多重用药在利大于弊的情况下是可行的，但是其增加了老年人发生药物不良反应、身体和认知功能受损及住院的风险。老年人应用多重用药的依据有限，尤其是对有共患病、认知功能障碍及身体虚弱的老年人。

关键词：养生保健医学知识用药过多问题老年人

迈向完整、准确的诊断准确性研究报告:STARD计划

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中国循证医学杂志 2006年第7期6卷 523-528页

作者： Patrick M.Bossuyt Johannes B.Reitsma David E.Bruns Constantine A.Gatsonis Paul P.Glasziou les M.irwig Jeroen G.Lijmer David Moher Drummond Rennie Henrica C.W.de Vet the STARD Group 刁骧秦莉姚巡荷兰阿姆斯特丹大学学术医学中心临床流行病学与生物统计学系美国夏洛茨维吉尼亚大学病理系美国普罗维登斯布朗大学统计学中心罗德岛ri02912 澳大利亚昆士兰大学全科实习中心澳大利亚悉尼大学公共卫生与社区医学系加拿大安大略省渥太华Chalmers研究组美国旧金山加利福尼亚大学卫生政策研究学院荷兰阿姆斯特丹自由大学外部研究学院

背景要理解诊断准确性研究的结果,读者必须了解其设计、实施、分析及结果。这只能通过作者完全公开研究资料才能实现。目的提高诊断准确性研究报告的准确性和完整性,以便读者评估研究的偏倚可能性及推广性。方法诊断准确性研究报告标准(... 详细信息

背景要理解诊断准确性研究的结果,读者必须了解其设计、实施、分析及结果。这只能通过作者完全公开研究资料才能实现。目的提高诊断准确性研究报告的准确性和完整性,以便读者评估研究的偏倚可能性及推广性。方法诊断准确性研究报告标准(STARD)指导委员会通过文献检索,找出正确实施和报告的诊断性试验,并提取可能有用的条目形成一份泛表。再由研究人员、编辑及相关专业组织成员在为期两天的共识会议中对这份泛表进行缩减,以制定出一份诊断准确性研究的清单和通用流程图。结果检索已发表的诊断性研究指南,共找到33份清单,从中提取出75项可能有用的条目。根据当前可得的所有提示偏倚的证据,将之缩减至25项条目。制定出的典型流程图提供了招募患者的方法、执行“诊断措施”的顺序及接受试验诊断措施或／和金标准诊断措施的患者人数等信息。结论判断研究的价值有赖于完整、准确的报告。若医学期刊采用此清单和流程图,诊断准确性研究报告的质量将会有所提高,更好地服务于临床医生、研究人员、评价者、期刊及公众。

关键词：诊断准确性研究报告诊断性试验文献检索研究人员患者人数医学期刊流程图研究资料评估研究

Assessment of densified fuel quality parameters:A case study for wheat straw pellet

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Journal of Bioresources and Bioproducts 2023年第1期8卷 45-58页

作者： Bidhan Nath Guangnan Chen les Bowtell Raid Ahmed Mahmood School of Agriculture and Environmental Science University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD 4350Australia School of Engineering University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD 4350Australia Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of ZakhoZakho 44001Iraq

An investigation was conducted to examine the impact of additive mixing with wheat straw(WS)for pellet *** study manufactured seven types of pellets with different additive combina-tions to evaluate pellet quality characteristics and their relationships.A laboratory-type hammer mill and a pellet mill were used for feedstock preparation and pellet *** investigations showed that the lignin content increased from 7.0%to 13.1%,which was a primary need for ***,the heating value rose from 17.02 to 20.36 MJ/***,the ash content also increased from 7.09%to 16.2%.Results showed that dimension(length and diame-ter),durability,and tensile strength increased significantly with additives while the fines content *** fines content had an inverse relationship with durability and *** straw(60%),together with 10%sawdust(SD),10%corn starch(CS),10%bentonite clay(BC),and 10%biochar(BiC),was optimal with good pellet performance(T7).In addition,both the T5 pellets(70%WS,10%SD,10%BiC,and 10%BC)and the T6 pellets(70%WS,10%SD,10%BiC,and 10%CS)provide suitable quality according to EN plus 2015 standard *** ash content of produced pellet was higher than the recommended value,which suggests that further research onto the alternative additive use for ash reduction is needed.

关键词： Biomass Wheat straw Pellet quality Properties relationship Additive/binding material

Hyperglycemia and reduced adiposity of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice are not alleviated by oral benzylamine supplementation

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World Journal of Diabetes 2022年第9期13卷 752-764页

作者： Christian Carpéné Kristiyan Stiliyanov Atanasov Francisco les Josep Mercader Barcelo Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires INSERM UMR 1297Toulouse 31432France Molecular Biology and One Health research group Department of Fundamental Biology and Health SciencesUniversity of the Balearic IslandsPalma 07122Spain Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Health SciencesUniversidad San JorgeVillanueva de GállegoZaragoza 50830Spain

BACKGROUND Benzylamine(Bza)oral administration delays the onset of hyperglycemia in insulin-resistant db-/-mice;a genetic model of obesity and type 2 *** To extend the antihyperglycemic properties of oral benzylamine to a model of insulin-deficient type 1 *** Male Swiss mice were rendered diabetic by streptozotocin treatment(STZ)and divided in two groups:one received 0.5%Bza as drinking solution for 24 d(STZ Bza-drinking)while the other was drinking water ad *** groups were constituted in age-matched,nondiabetic *** intake,liquid intake,body weight gain and nonfasting blood glucose levels were followed during *** the end of treatment,fasted glycemia,liver and white adipose tissue(WAT)mass were measured,while glucose uptake assays were performed in *** STZ diabetic mice presented typical features of insulin-deficient diabetes:reduced body mass and increased blood glucose *** altered parameters were not normalized in the Bza-drinking group in spite of restored food and water *** consumption could not reverse the severe fat depot atrophy of STZ diabetic *** the nondiabetic mice,no difference was found between control and Bza-drinking mice for any *** isolated adipocytes,hexose uptake was partially activated by 0.1 mmol/L Bza in a manner that was obliterated in vitro by the amine oxidase inhibitor phenelzine and that remained unchanged after Bza *** of 0.1 mmol/L Bza in WAT was lower in STZ diabetic than in normoglycemic *** Bza supplementation could not normalize the altered glucose handling of STZ diabetic mice with severe WAT ***,its antidiabetic potential in obese and diabetic rodents does not apply to lipoatrophic type 1 diabetic mice.

关键词： Diabetes Adipocytes Amine oxidases Insulin-like agents Glucose transport Polydipsia

Effects of excluding bottom-disturbing mobile fishing gear on abundance and biomass of groundfishes in the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary,USA

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 134-143页

作者： Briana K.BROWN Elizabeth SOULE les KAUFMAN Biology Department Boston University

The Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (southern Gulf of Maine, northwest Atlantic) is partially overlappedby the Western Gulf of Maine Closure Area (WGMCA). This is a region in which mobile, bottom-disturbing fishing gear has beenbanned by the New England Fishery Management Council to facilitate the rebuilding of depleted groundfish populations. We assessedthe effects and effectiveness of the WGMCA on groundfish assemblages using habitat-stratified (gravel, sand, mixed benthichabitats) sampling by means of a commercial trawler, inside and outside of the WGMCA. Sampling occurred over threemonth-long sampling periods in 2004-2005, two during the spring seasons and one during the fall season. A total of 18 specieswere analyzed for protection effects. After controlling for substratum, location and sampling season, eight groundfish species exhibitedhigher mean proportional abundance inside than outside the WGMCA while two were proportionally more abundant onaverage outside of the closure. Four species had higher mean proportional biomasses on average inside the closure and three *** conclude that the WGMCA may be achieving its goal of rebuilding abundance and biomass for some commercially targetedgroundfishes but not all. This study, six to seven years post-closure establishment, reveals fine-scale spatial and taxonomiccomplexity which will require a very different monitoring protocol than the one currently in place if adaptive management is to besuccessful in the

关键词：海洋保护区生物量银行渔具移动丰度美国

Water, Energy and Nutrient Losses from Food Wastage of Selected Crops in Three Agro-Climatic Zones in British Columbia, Canada

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第8期13卷 947-972页

作者： Ana Reinesch Lewis Fausak Anne Joseph les Lavkulich Faculty of Land and Food Systems University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

Food waste is a growing global concern. Data on the factors and magnitude are largely global estimates, thus local studies aid in providing information on the impacts of food waste. Three important agro-climatic zones in British Columbia and nine common crops, both annual and perennial, were selected to evaluate the environmental and nutritional implications of local food waste. Using Canadian estimates of total food waste, the constituent water, caloric content, protein, vitamin C, phosphorus and potassium wasted by each crop were estimated. Regionally, the total production and losses were the highest in the Lower Fraser Valley which had high production of potatoes and blueberries, followed by the Okanagan, with grapes and apples, and Vancouver Island, with potatoes. Virtual water was estimated by the BC Agriculture Water Calculator and used to assess the soil and climatic factors impacting the local water demand. Although soil texture seemed to influence water demand, the agro-climatic zone was the main factor controlling the water demand and the corresponding amount of water wasted. Dry agro-climatic zones had annual virtual water up to two times higher for the same crop and soil texture. Lower water demand crops, finer soils and more efficient irrigation systems were more congruent with water stress scenarios. Total losses for each region were based on conservative estimates and would have supplied the caloric energy and protein for over 40,000 adults, and vitamin C for over 300,000 adults for one year. Additionally, the total N, P and K wasted accounted for up to 32, 2 and 13 kg/ha respectively for common fertilizers used in British Columbia. This study confirmed the significance of food waste impacts on local water demand, human nutrition and soil management based on regional data for representative crops.

关键词： Food Loss Food Waste Crop Water Demand Virtual Water Nutrition

What determines irrigation efficiency when farmers face extreme weather events? A field survey of the major wheat producing regions in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第8期17卷 1888-1899页

作者： SONG Chun-xiao les Oxley MA Heng-yun College of Economics and Management Henan Agricultural University Department of Economics and Finance University of Waikato

Water availability is a major constraint on grain production in China, therefore, improving irrigation efficiency is particularly important when agriculture faces extreme weather events. This paper first calculates irrigation efficiency with a translog stochastic frontier production function and then investigates what happens when extreme weather events occur via a Tobit model. The estimated results reveal several important features of irrigation practices: i) irrigation efficiency is lower when extreme weather events occur; ii) large variations in irrigation efficiency occur across irrigation facilities; iii) the farm plots exhibit an extreme distribution across efficiency levels; and iv) water-saving techniques, technology adoption, and the maintenance of farmers’ economic resilience are major determinants of irrigation efficiency. Based on these results we propose the following recommendations: i) farmers should balance crop yield and water use; undertake relevant training programs and adopt water-saving techniques; ii) local governments and researchers should help farmers to find the optimal level of irrigation water use based on their own circumstances and provide better water-saving techniques and training programs rather than simply encouraging farmers to invest in irrigation facilities in the most extreme weather years; and iii) the income level of farm households should be increased so as to improve their resilience to natural disasters.

关键词： irrigation efficiency determinants irrigation facilities water-saving techniques extreme weather events

Mechanical properties of cotton fabric reinforced geopolymer composites at 200-1000℃

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2014年第3期3卷 184-193页

作者： Thamer ALOMAYRI les VICKERS Faiz U.A.SHAIKH It-Meng LOW Department of Imaging&Applied Physics Curtin UniversityGPO Box U1987PerthWA 6845Australia Department of Physics Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah 21955Saudi Arabia Department of Civil Engineering Curtin UniversityGPO Box U1987PerthWA 6845Australia

Geopolymer composites containing woven cotton fabric(0-8.3 wt%)were fabricated using the hand lay-up technique,and were exposed to elevated temperatures of 200℃,400℃,600℃,800℃and 1000℃.With an increase in temperature,the geopolymer composites exhibited a reduction in compressive strength,flexural strength and fracture *** heated above 600℃,the composites exhibited a significant reduction in mechanical *** also exhibited brittle behavior due to severe degradation of cotton fibres and the creation of additional porosity in the *** images verified the existence of voids and small channels in the composites due to fibre degradation.

关键词： geopolymer composites microstructures mechanical properties fracture toughness