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Projection of the Zhujiang(Pearl) River Delta's potential submerged area due to sea level rise during the 21st century based on CMIP5 simulations

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2015年第9期34卷 78-84页

作者： XIA Jiangjiang YAN Zhongwei ZHOU wen FONG Soi kun leong ka Cheng TANG Iu Man CHANG S w leong w k JIN Shaofei key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre School of Energy and EnvironmentCity University of Hong Kong Macao Meteorological and Geophysical Bureau

Projections of potential submerged area due to sea level rise are helpful for improving understanding of the influence of ongoing global warming on coastal areas. The Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition method is used to adaptively decompose the sea level time series in order to extract the secular trend component. Then the linear relationship between the global mean sea level （GMSL） change and the Zhujiang （Pearl） River Delta （PRD） sea level change is calculated： an increase of 1.0 m in the GMSL corresponds to a 1.3 m （uncertainty interval from 1.25 to 1.46 m） increase in the PRD. Based on this relationship and the GMSL rise projected by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 under three greenhouse gas emission scenarios （representative concentration pathways, or RCPs, from low to high emission scenarios RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5）, the PRD sea level is calculated and projected for the period 2006-2100. By around the year 2050, the PRD sea level will rise 0.29 （0.21 to 0.40） m under RCP2.6, 0.31 （0.22 to 0.42） m under RCP4.5, and 0.34 （0.25 to 0.46） m under RCP8.5, respectively. By 2100, it will rise 0.59 （0.36 to 0.88） m, 0.71 （0.47 to 1.02） m, and 1.0 （0.68 to 1.41） m, respectively. In addition, considering the extreme value of relative sea level due to land subsidence （i.e., 0.20 m） and that obtained from intermonthly variability （i.e., 0.33 m）, the PRD sea level will rise 1.94 m by the year 2100 under the RCP8.5 scenario with the upper uncertainty level （i.e., 1.41 m）. Accordingly, the potential submerged area is 8.57x103 km2 for the PRD, about 1.3 times its present area.

关键词： sea level Zhujiang (Pearl) River Delta (PRD) representative concentration pathways (RCPs) CMIP5 submerged area Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD)

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Silicon-based metal-organic frameworks(SiMOFs)for immunogenic cell death in cancer therapy

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Nano Research 2025年第1期18卷 628-641页

作者： Min Han Zishan Chen Shiying Zhou Zunde Liao Xiangting Yi Yao He Yiling Zhong kam w.leong College of Pharmacy State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Molecules and Druggability AssessmentJinan UniversityGuangzhou 511443China Department of Biomedical Engineering Columbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10027USA Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials(FUNSOM) Soochow UniversitySuzhou 215123China

Silicon-based nanomaterials,known for their unique properties and favorable biocompatibility,significantly impact sectors like energy,electronics,and ***,metalorganic frameworks(MOFs)have emerged as promising candidates for biomedicine,characterized by adjustable chemical composition,high porosity,and ***,the combination of silicon with MOFs to create silicon-based MOF nanostructures(SiMOFs)remains ***,we establish a diverse library of SiMOFs with various nanostructures,including flower-like,capsule-like,hexagonal snowflake-like,and necklace-like morphologies via microwave-assisted *** SiMOFs,with their spacious interiors,are ideal for drug *** are used to load drugs and create drug-loaded SiMOFs(e.g.,SiFeO).SiFeO exhibits excellent photothermal effects and high reactive oxygen species(ROS)generation capacity,enabling synergistic treatments involving chemochemodynamic-photothermal *** approach efficiently triggers immunogenic cell death(ICD)and demonstrates excellent antitumor efficacy in *** staining reveals that the synergistic therapy can modulate the tumor microenvironment(TME)by reducing M2-phenotype macrophages,increasing the activation of antigen-presenting cells(APCs),enhancing the infiltration of CD4^(+)and CD8^(+)T cells,elevating Granzyme B production,and decreasing the presence of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells(Tregs).Consequently,drug-loaded SiMOFs-mediated combination therapy effectively reverses the immunosuppressive TME and activates robust antitumor immune responses by inducing ICD in tumor cells,ultimately achieving superior anticancer efficacy.

关键词： silicon-based nanomaterials nanocarriers immunogenic cell death antitumor immune responses

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BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS wITH A PHOSPHORYL-CONTAINING BACkBONE:TISSUE ENGINEERING AND CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATIONS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 1995年第4期13卷 289-314页

作者： kam w.leong 毛海泉卓仁禧 Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine The Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21205 USA Department of Chemistry Wuhan University Wuhan 430072

This review provides a glimpse of the potential of the biodegradable phos-phoryl-containing polymers in medical applications. Undoubtedly these polymerspossess unique properties that are yet to be fully understood. Many areas warrantfurther investigation and much optimization remains to be done. The fascinatingchemistry of phosphorus poses interesting hurdles but at the same time leavesample room for polymer scientists to exercise their creativity in designinginteresting biomaterials. As the mutual understanding between basic and clinicalscientists on the need of medical devices and the capabilities of these newbiomaterials expands, imaginative application of new biomaterials to other medi-cal applications can be expected.

关键词： biodegradable polymers phosphoryl-containing backbone controlled drug delivery

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Statecharts for Distributed Product Data Management System Modelling

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厦门大学学报（自然科学版） 2002年第S1期41卷 260-261页

作者： k k leong k M Yu w B Lee Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Industrial & Systems Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Industrial & Systems EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong ChinaHong Kong ChinaHong Kong China

Product data management (PDM) has been accepted as an important tool for the manufacturing industries. In recent years, more and mor e researches have been conducted in the development of PDM. Their research area s include system design, integration of object-oriented technology, data distri bution, collaborative and distributed manufacturing working environment, secur ity, and web-based integration. However, there are limitations on their rese arches. In particular, they cannot cater for PDM in distributed manufacturing e nvironment. This is especially true in South China, where many Hong kong (Hk) ma nufacturers have moved their production plants to different locations in Pearl R iver Delta for cost reduction. However, they retain their main offices in Hk. Development of PDM system is inherently complex. Product related data cover prod uct name, product part number (product identification), drawings, material speci fications, dimension requirement, quality specification, test result, log size, production schedules, product data version and date of release, special tooling (e.g. jig and fixture), mould design, project engineering in charge, cost spread sheets, while process data includes engineering release, engineering change info rmation management, and other workflow related to the process information. Accor ding to Cornelissen et al., the contemporary PDM system should contains manageme nt functions in structure, retrieval, release, change, and workflow. In system design, development and implementation, a formal specification is nece ssary. However, there is no formal representation model for PDM system. Theref ore a graphical representation model is constructed to express the various scena rios of interactions between users and the PDM system. Statechart is then used to model the operations of PDM system, Fig.1. Statechart model bridges the curr ent gap between requirements, scenarios, and the initial design specifications o f PDM system. After properly analyz

关键词： DPDM Statecharts for Distributed Product Data Management System Modelling

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Epidemiological studies of migration and environmental risk factors in the inflammatory bowel diseases

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第5期20卷 1238-1247页

作者： Yanna ko Rhys Butcher Rupert w leong Concord Hospital Gastroenterology and Liver Services and The University of New South Wales

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are idiopathic chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract well known to be associated with both genetic and environmental risk *** genotypes may manifest into clinical phenotypes under certain environmental influences and these may be best studied from migratory *** differences between first and second generation migrants may further highlight the contribution of environmental factors towards the development of *** are few opportunities that have been offered so *** aim to review the available migration studies on IBD,evaluate the known environmental factors associated with IBD,and explore modern migration patterns to identify new opportunities and candidate migrant groups in IBD migration research.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn’ s disease, Ulcerative colitis, Epidemiology, Risk factor, Environment, Hygiene hypothesis

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Can microfluidics address biomanufacturing challenges in drug/gene/cell therapies?

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2016年第2期3卷 87-98页

作者： Hon Fai Chan Siying Ma kam w.leong Department of Biomedical Engineering Department of Systems BiologyColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY 10032USA

Translation of any inventions into products requires *** of drug/gene/cell delivery systems will eventually face manufacturing challenges,which require the establishment of standardized processes to produce biologically-relevant products of high quality without incurring prohibitive *** technologies present many advantages to improve the quality of drug/gene/cell delivery *** also offer the benefits of *** remains unclear is whether they can meet the scale-up *** this perspective,we discuss the advantages of microfluidic-assisted synthesis of nanoscale drug/gene delivery systems,formation of microscale drug/cell-encapsulated particles,generation of genetically engineered cells and fabrication of macroscale drug/cell-loaded micro-/*** also highlight the scale-up challenges one would face in adopting microfluidic technologies for the manufacturing of these therapeutic delivery systems.

关键词： microfluidics biomanufacturing nanoparticle microencapsulation microfiber

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A novel method for clustering cellular data to improve classification

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2697-2705页

作者： Diek w.wheeler Giorgio A.Ascoli Center for Neural Informatics Structures&PlasticityKrasnow Institute for Advanced Study Bioengineering Department Volgenau School of Engineering George Mason University FairfaxVAUSA

Many fields,such as neuroscience,are experiencing the vast prolife ration of cellular data,underscoring the need fo r organizing and interpreting large datasets.A popular approach partitions data into manageable subsets via hierarchical clustering,but objective methods to determine the appropriate classification granularity are *** recently introduced a technique to systematically identify when to stop subdividing clusters based on the fundamental principle that cells must differ more between than within *** we present the corresponding protocol to classify cellular datasets by combining datadriven unsupervised hierarchical clustering with statistical *** general-purpose functions are applicable to any cellular dataset that can be organized as two-dimensional matrices of numerical values,including molecula r,physiological,and anatomical *** demonstrate the protocol using cellular data from the Janelia MouseLight project to chara cterize morphological aspects of neurons.

关键词： cellular data clustering dendrogram data classification Levene's one-tailed statistical test unsupervised hierarchical clustering

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Genistein:a possible solution for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2903-2905页

作者： karolina Pierzynowska Bartosz karaszewski Grzegorz węgrzyn Department of Molecular Biology University of GdanskGdanskPoland Gdansk Polandand Department of Adult NeurologyFaculty of MedicineMedical University of GdanskGdanskPoland

Neurodegenerative diseases are defined as disorders resulting from the slow and progressive loss of function and eventual death of neural cells that result from the primary pathology of nervous *** can lead to severe nervous system dysfunction,eventually affecting multiple organs and *** hundred neurodegenerative diseases have been described,and owing to their prevalence,severity.

关键词： organs Alzheimer death

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n-Butane Oxidation over γ-Al_2O_3 Supported Vanadium Phosphate Catalysts

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Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry 2007年第3期16卷 266-272页

作者： Y.H.Taufiq-Yap L.k.leong R.Irmawati Putra Laboratory for Catalysis Science and Technology Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia43400 UPM SerdangSelangorMalaysia Department of Bioscience and Chemistry Faculty of Engineering and ScienceUniversiti Tunku Abdul RahmanJalan Genting Kelang53300 SetapakKuala LumpurMalaysia

Four vanadium phosphate catalysts supported on γ-A1203 （20 wt%） were synthesized via wetness impregnation of VOHPO4.0.5H2O precursor and calcined for different durations （6, 10, 30 and 75 h） at 673 k in a reaction flow of n-butane/air mixture. The samples calcined for 6 and 10 h produced only a single phase of （VO）2P2O7. However, the VOPO4 phase （β-VOPO4） was detected and became more prominent with only a minor pyrophosphate peaks were found after 30 h of calcination. All these pyrophosphate peaks disappeared after 75 h of calcination. The formation of V^5＋ phase was also observed in the SEM micrographs. The redox properties and the nature of oxidants of the catalysts employed in this study were investigated by H2-TPR analysis. Selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride （MA） over these catalysts shows that the percentage of n-butane conversion decreases with the transformation of the catalysts from V^4＋ to V^5＋ phases. An appropriate ratio of V^5＋/V^4＋ can enhance the performance of the VPO catalyst. However, a higher amount of V^5＋ and its associated oxygen species are responsible to promote the MA selectivity.

关键词： n-butane oxidation VPO alumina maleic anhydride

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Dual biologic therapy with ocrelizumab for multiple sclerosis and vedolizumab for Crohn's disease:A case report and review of literature

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world Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第8期10卷 2569-2576页

作者： Michael Au Nikola Mitrev Rupert w leong Viraj kariyawasam Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Blacktown and Mt Druitt HospitalsWestern Sydney Local Health DistrictSydney 2148New South WalesAustralia Blacktown Clinical School Western Sydney UniversityBlacktown 2148New South WalesAustralia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Blacktown HospitalWestern Sydney Local Health DistrictBlacktown 2148New South WalesAustralia Endoscopy Department and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Service Concord HospitalSydney 2137New South WalesAustralia Concord Clinical School University of SydneySydney 2137New South WalesAustralia Inflammatory Bowel Disease Service Blacktown HospitalWestern Sydney Local Health DistrictBlacktown 2148New South WalesAustria

BACkGROUND Little is known about the safety and efficacy of using two or more biologics for the treatment of immune-mediated diseases,including Crohn’s disease(CD).CASE SUMMARY This case report and narrative review demonstrate the potential safety of dual biologic therapy(DBT)in a 45-year-old female with two separate immunemediated *** had a history of multiple sclerosis for which she was receiving treatment with ocrelizumab,and she had been recently diagnosed with CD after presenting with *** CD diagnosis was confirmed radiologically,endoscopically,histologically,and *** patient received treatment with vedolizumab,a gut-specific inhibitor of theα4β7 integrin on *** adverse reactions were observed for the duration of *** safety of ocrelizumab and vedolizumab for the treatment of different immune-mediated diseases was *** DBT may be a safe and effective option for the treatment of refractory disease or multiple immunemediated *** biologics,which have improved safety profiles and gut specificity,may provide promising avenues for ***,caution must be exercised in the appropriate selection of biologics given their inherent immunosuppressive properties,side effects,and efficacy *** evidence suggests that biologic therapy is not associated with a worse prognosis in patients with coronavirus disease 2019,but treatment decisions should be made in a multidisciplinary *** research from controlled trials is needed to better understand the safety profile of DBT in *** immunopathological mechanisms underlying DBT also remain to be clarified.

关键词： Dual biologic therapy Combination Immunosuppression Safety Autoimmune Case report

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