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Cellulose synthesis in land plants

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Molecular Plant 2023年第7期16卷 206-231页

作者： Gustav B.Pedersen leonard blaschek Kristian E.H.Frandsen Lise C.Noack Staffan Persson Copenhagen Plant Science Center(CPSC) Department of Plant&Environmental SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenThorvaldsensvej 401871Frederiksberg CDenmark Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic&Developmental Sciences State Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSJTU-University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and HealthSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina

All plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall that provides cohesion,protection,and a means of directional growth to *** microfibrils contribute the main biomechanical scaffold for most of these *** biosynthesis of cellulose,which typically is the most prominent constituent of the cell wall and therefore Earth’s most abundant biopolymer,is finely attuned to developmental and environmental *** understanding of the machinery that catalyzes and regulates cellulose biosynthesis has substantially improved due to recent technological advances in,for example,structural biology and ***,we provide a comprehensive overview of the structure,function,and regulation of the cellulose synthesis machinery and its regulatory *** aim to highlight important knowledge gaps in the field,and outline emerging approaches that promise a means to close those gaps.

关键词： plant cell wall cellulose microfibrils cellulose synthases membrane proteins cytoskeleton protein interaction

Characteristics and Preliminary Causes of Tropical Cyclone Remote Precipitation over China

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第4期23卷 845-858页

作者： JIA Li REN Fumin MCBRIDE John leonard CONG Chunhua School of Atmospheric Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China School of Earth Science University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Research and Development Division Bureau of MeteorologyMelbourne 3052Australia Shandong Meteorological Bureau Jinan 250031China

In this study,the characteristics and preliminary causes of tropical cyclone remote precipitation(TRP)over China during the period from 1979 to 2020 are *** indicated that approximately 72.42%of tropical cyclones(TCs)in the Western Pacific produce TRP over *** peak months for TRP are July and *** four key regions of TRP are the adjacent areas between the Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces,the northern coast of the Bohai Sea,the coast of the Yellow Sea,and the southern coast *** typical distance between the station with TRP and the TC center ranges from 1500 to 2500 *** of these stations are situated north to 60°west of north of the *** south–west water vapor transportation on the west side of the TC is crucial to *** has a decreasing trend because of the decrease in the number of TCs that generate *** the perspective of large-scale environmental conditions,a decrease in the integrated horizontal water vapor transport in China' Mainland,the weakening of upward motion at approximately 25°–35°N,which is inconducive to convection,and an increase in low-level vertical wind shear,which is unfavorable for the development of TC in areas with high frequencies of TRP-related TCs,are the factors that result in the decreasing trend of TRP.

关键词： tropical cyclone remote precipitation characteristics causes

Artificial intelligence meets body sense: task-driven neural networks reveal computational principles of the proprioceptive pathway

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第8期9卷 3147-3149页

作者： leonard E.van Dyck Frank Bremmer Katharina Dobs Department of Psychology Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences LeipzigGermany Center for Mind Brain and BehaviorUniversities of MarburgGiessenand DarmstadtMarburgGermany Department of Neurophysics Philipps-Universitat MarburgMarburgGermany

In a recent study published in Cell,Marin Vargas and Bisi et al.1 present an innovative approach to unravel the computational principles underlying proprioceptive processing in non-human *** findings showcase the utility of task-driven modeling in advancing neuroscience and offer translational potential by providing seminal insights into the goals and mechanisms by which the brain encodes body position and movements.

关键词： networks neural principles

Millimetric devices for nerve stimulation:a promising path towards miniaturization

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1702-1706页

作者： Ryan M.Dorrian Anna V.leonard Antonio Lauto Spinal Cord Injury Research Group School of BiomedicineThe University of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia School of Science Western Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia

Nerve stimulation is a rapidly developing field,demonstrating positive outcomes across several *** potential benefits,current nerve stimulation devices are large,complicated,and are powered via implanted pulse *** facto rs necessitate invasive surgical implantation and limit potential *** nerve stimulation devices to millimetric sizes would make these interventions less invasive and facilitate broader therapeutic ***,device miniaturization presents a serious engineering *** review presents significant advancements from several groups that have overcome this challenge and developed millimetricsized nerve stimulation *** are based on antennas,mini-coils,magneto-electric and optoelectronic materials,or receive ultrasound *** highlight key design elements,findings from pilot studies,and present several considerations for future applications of these devices.

关键词： biomedical engineering deep brain stimulation electrical engineering electrical stimulation neuromodulation peripheral nerve stimulation

Specific *** valorem taxation and social welfare in mixed duopoly with foreign ownership

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Economic and Political Studies 2024年第2期12卷 207-219页

作者： Ming Sun leonard F.S.Wang Qidi Zhang School of Economics and Management Chang’an UniversityXi’anChina Wenlan School of Business Zhongnan University of Economics and LawWuhanChina

In this paper,we set up a mixed duopoly competition model between state-owned and private firms in order to compare specific and ad valorem *** that the total output under specific and ad valorem taxation remains unchanged,we find that if the public firm is completely privatised,the output of the private firm under the two tax schemes will be the *** the public firm is not completely privatised,the output of the the private firm under specific taxation will be greater than that under ad valorem *** the private firm is a pure local one,the social benefits will be the same under the two tax ***,if the private firm is a joint venture that involves domestic and foreign entities,social welfare under ad valorem taxation will be greater than that under specific taxation.

关键词： Specific taxation ad valorem taxation mixed duopoly imperfect competition privatisation foreign ownership

Understanding the catalysis of chromium trioxide added magnesium hydride for hydrogen storage and Li ion battery applications

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1117-1130页

作者： D.Pukazhselvan IhsanÇaha Catarina de Lemos Sergey M.Mikhalev Francis leonard Deepak Duncan Paul Fagg Department of Mechanical Engineering TEMA-Centre for Mechanical Technology and AutomationUniversity of AveiroAveiro 3810-193Portugal LASI-Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory Guimarães 4800-058Portugal Nanostructured Materials Group International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory(INL)Avenida Mestre Jose VeigaBraga 4715-330Portugal

This study explores how the chemical interaction between magnesium hydride(MgH_(2))and the additive CrO_(3) influences the hydrogen/lithium storage characteristics of MgH_(2).We have observed that a 5 wt.%CrO_(3) additive reduces the dehydrogenation activation energy of MgH_(2) by 68 kJ/mol and lowers the required dehydrogenation temperature by 80℃.CrO_(3) added MgH_(2) was also tested as an anode in an Li ion battery,and it is possible to deliver over 90%of the total theoretical capacity(2038 mAh/g).Evidence for improved reversibility in the battery reaction is found only after the incorporation of additives with MgH_(2).In depth characterization study by X-ray diffraction(XRD)technique provides convincing evidence that the CrO_(3) additive interacts with MgH_(2) and produces Cr/MgO *** free energy analyses confirm the thermodynamic feasibility of conversion from MgH_(2)/CrO_(3) to MgO/Cr,which is well supported by the identification of Cr(0)in the powder by X ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)*** high resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS)we found evidence for the presence of 5 nm size Cr nanocrystals on the surface of MgO rock salt *** is also convincing ground to consider that MgO rock salt accommodates Cr in the *** observations support the argument that creation of active metal–metal dissolved rock salt oxide interface may be vital for improving the reactivity of MgH_(2),both for the improved storage of hydrogen and lithium.

关键词： Hydrogen storage Rechargeable batteries Binary hydrides Metal oxides Catalytic mechanism.

Flexible nanoimprint lithography enables high-throughput manufacturing of bioinspired microstructures on warped substrates for efficient III-nitride optoelectronic devices

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Science Bulletin 2024年第13期69卷 2080-2088页

作者： Siyuan Cui Ke Sun Zhefu Liao Qianxi Zhou leonard Jin Conglong Jin Jiahui Hu Kuo-Sheng Wen Sheng Liu Shengjun Zhou Center for Photonics and Semiconductors School of Power and Mechanical EngineeringWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China The Institute of Technological Sciences Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo ONN2L 3G1Canada Jiangxi SMTC Semiconductor Co. Ltd.Nanchang 330096China

III-nitride materials are of great importance in the development of modern optoelectronics,but they have been limited over years by low light utilization rate and high dislocation densities in heteroepitaxial films grown on foreign substrate with limited refractive index contrast and large lattice ***,we demonstrate a paradigm of high-throughput manufacturing bioinspired microstructures on warped substrates by flexible nanoimprint lithography for promoting the light extraction *** design a flexible nanoimprinting mold of copolymer and a two-step etching process that enable high-efficiency fabrication of nanoimprinted compound-eye-like Al2O3 microstructure(NCAM)and nanoimprinted compound-eye-like SiO_(2)microstructure(NCSM)template,achieving a 6.4-fold increase in throughput and 25%savings in economic costs over stepper projection *** to NCAM template,we find that the NCSM template can not only improve the light extraction capability,but also modulate the morphology of AlN nucleation layer and reduce the formation of misoriented GaN grains on the inclined sidewall of microstructures,which suppresses the dislocations generated during coalescence,resulting in 40%reduction in dislocation *** study provides a low-cost,high-quality,and high-throughput solution for manufacturing microstructures on warped surfaces of III-nitride optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Flexible nanoimprint lithography Bioinspired Micro-and nano-manufacturing III-nitride epitaxy Optoelectronic devices

Elucidating the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in hyperuricemia and gout:Insights and therapeutic strategies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第40期30卷 4404-4410页

作者： Abhay Kumar Singh Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan Ashok Iyaswamy leonard L Williams Department of Microbiology School of Life SciencesCentral University of Tamil NaduTiruvarurTN 610005India School of Biomedical Sciences Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 999077China Department of Biochemistry Karpagam Academy of Higher EducationCoimbatore 641021India Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNC 27411United States

Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a condition associated with a high concentration of uric acid(UA)in the bloodstream and can cause gout and chronic kidney *** gut microbiota of patients with gout and HUA is significantly altered compared to that of healthy *** article focused on the complex interconnection between alterations in the gut microbiota and the development of this *** studies have suggested that changes in the composition,diversity,and activity of microbes play a key role in establishing and progressing HUA and gout ***,we discussed how the gut microbiota contributes to HUA through purine metabolism,UA excretion,and intestinal inflammatory *** examined specific changes in the composition of the gut microbiota associated with gout and HUA,highlighting key bacterial taxa and the metabolic pathways ***,we discussed the effect of conventional gout treatments on the gut microbiota composition,along with emerging therapeutic approaches that target the gut microbiome,such as the use of probiotics and *** also provided insights into a study regarding the gut microbiota as a possible novel therapeutic intervention for gout treatment and dysbiosis-related diagnosis.

关键词： Gut microbiota Dysbiosis Gout Hyperuricemia Inflammation Intestinal barrier Probiotics Prebiotics Fecal microbiota transplantation

Pleomorphic adenoma(mixed tumor)of the upper lip:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第17期12卷 3138-3143页

作者： Midion Mapfumo Chidzonga leonard Mahomva Blessing Zambuko Welcome Muungani Department of Oral HealthUniversity of Zimbabwe Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences and Lancet LaboratoryHarareZimbabwe

BACKGROUND Salivary gland tumors are relatively *** minor salivary gland tumors are malignant with benign tumors accounting for 18%of the *** adenoma(PA)is the most common salivary gland *** PA is uncommon with 9.8%occurring in the upper *** are adding on the knowledge of the rare upper lip PA(benign mixed tumor).CASE SUMMARY We report an upper lip PA(benign mixed tumor)in a 28-year-old *** complaint was a painless swelling on the upper lip.A painless,non-tender,well-circumscribed,slightly mobile,sessile,nodular,and rubbery(in consistency)tumor measuring 5.0 cm x 2.0 cm was noted on the left side of his upper *** overlying skin was not fixed and of normal *** was no ulceration,and palpation did not elicit pain or *** was no history of *** dissection was used to completely excise the nodular,whitish,and encapsulated *** showed a well-circumscribed and partly encapsulated biphasic lesion,with large lobules of myxo-chondroid stroma and intervening cellular nodules of basaloid cells,well-formed tubules containing eosinic secretion,and nests of myoepithelial cells.A diagnosis of PA(benign mixed tumor)was *** Blunt dissection is indicated to preserve the cosmesis and function of the upper lip.

关键词： Pleomorphic adenoma Upper lip Minor salivary gland tumor Benign mixed tumor Case report