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Multi-omic Analyses Shed Light on The Genetic Control of High-altitude Adaptation in Sheep

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2024年第2期22卷 43-56页

作者： Chao Li Bingchun Chen Suo Langda Peng Pu Xiaojia Zhu Shiwei Zhou Peter Kalds Ke Zhang Meenu Bhati Alexander leonard Shuhong Huang Ran Li Awang Cuoji Xiran Wang Haolin Zhu Yujiang Wu Renqin Cuomu Ba Gui Ming Li Yutao Wang Yan Li Wenwen Fang Ting Jia Tianchun Pu Xiangyu Pan Yudong Cai Chong He Liming Wang Yu Jiang Jian-Lin Han Yulin Chen Ping Zhou Hubert Pausch Xiaolong Wang International Joint Agriculture Research Center for Animal Bio-Breeding Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Animal GeneticsBreeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi ProvinceCollege of Animal Science and TechnologyNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Animal Genomics ETH ZürichZürich 8092Switzerland Institute of Animal Science Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry SciencesLhasa 850009China School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China College of Life Sciences Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi’an 710119China Zoology and Evolutionary Biology Department of BiologyUniversity of Konstanz78457 KonstanzGermany College of Life and Geographic Sciences Kashi UniversityKashi 844000China Beijing Key Laboratory of Captive Wildlife Technologies Beijing ZooBeijing 100044China Department of Medical Research Guangdong Provincial People’s HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhou 510080China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Internet of Things Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Perception and Intelligent ServiceCollege of Information EngineeringNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation SciencesShihezi 832000China State Key Laboratory of Sheep Genetic Improvement and Healthy Production Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation SciencesShihezi 832000China CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory on Livestock and Forage Genetic Resources Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Livestock Genetics Program International Livestock Research InstituteNairobi 00100Kenya

Sheep were domesticated in the Fertile Crescent and then spread globally,where they have been encountering various environmental *** Tibetan sheep has adapted to high altitudes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau over the past 3000 *** explore genomic variants associated with high-altitude adaptation in Tibetan sheep,we analyzed Illumina short-reads of 994 whole genomes representing∼60 sheep breeds/populations at varied altitudes,PacBio High fidelity(HiFi)reads of 13 breeds,and 96 transcriptomes from 12 sheep *** testing between the inhabited altitudes and 34,298,967 variants was conducted to investigate the genetic architecture of altitude *** accurate HiFi reads were used to complement the current ovine reference assembly at the most significantly associatedβ-globin locus and to validate the presence of two haplotypes A and B among 13 sheep *** haplotype A carried two homologous gene clusters:(1)HBE1,HBE2,HBB-like,and HBBC,and(2)HBE1-like,HBE2-like,HBB-like,and HBB;while the haplotype B lacked the first *** high-altitude sheep showed highly frequent or nearly fixed haplotype A,while the low-altitude sheep dominated by haplotype *** further demonstrated that sheep with haplotype A had an increased hemoglobin–O2 affinity compared with those carrying haplotype *** highly associated genomic region contained the EGLN1 gene which showed varied expression between high-altitude and low-altitude *** results provide evidence that the rapid adaptive evolution of advantageous alleles play an important role in facilitating the environmental adaptation of Tibetan sheep.

关键词： Environmental adaptation High altitude Hypoxia Selection signature Sheep

Sexual selection and hermaphroditic organisms： Testing theory

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 579-588页

作者： Janet L. leonard Joseph M. Long Marine Laboratory University of California-Santa Cruz Santa Cruz CA 94019 USA

Sexual selection is widespread if not ubiquitous in hermaphroditic organisms. Although many phenomena that have been described as sexual selection in gonochores, （e.g. harem polygamy, multiple mating, elaborate courtship, even secondary sexual characters） can be found in some hermaphrodites, what is more interesting is the ways in which sexual selection in her- maphrodites may differ from dioecious taxa. In hermaphrodites, an individual＇s mating success includes its success from both sexual roles. Secondly, in many simultaneously hermaphroditic taxa there is strong evidence of sexual selection and yet the ope- rational sex ratio is 1：1, by definition. Many simultaneous hermaphrodites have elaborate courtship and genital anatomy, suggest- ing sexual selection plays an important role in reproductive success. Sperm competition and cryptic female choice mean that the number of mates acquired is not necessarily a predictor of reproductive success. Even in simultaneous hermaphrodites with re- ciprocal mating, variance in reproductive success through the male role and through the female role may differ in a population. Moreover hermaphrodites may choose to emphasize one sexual role over the other. Data suggest that the preferred role varies in hermaphrodites, which creates an opportunity to test fundamental predictions and assumptions of sexual selection theory. Hermaphrodites may vary their emphasis on one sexual role over the other either developmentally or behaviorally in response to environmental or social parameters. How they use this capability in acquiring more or higher quality mates still requires study

关键词： Sexual selection Hermaphrodites Mate choice Reproductive success

Dynamic Simulations of Post-stall Performance in Multistage Axial Compressors

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Journal of Thermal Science 2012年第4期21卷 311-321页

作者： DU Wenhai ZHU JunQiang Olivier leonard University of Liege Turbomachinery Group B-4000 Liege Belgium Institute of Engineering Thermophysics ChineseAcademy of Sciences China Chinese Academy of Sciences China University of Liege Turbomachinery Group Chemin des chevreuils 1 B-4000 Liege Belgium

In this contribution a quasi-one-dimensional tool for stationary and transient simulations of post-stall flows in multistage axial compressors is presented. An adapted version of the 1D Euler equations with additional source terms is discretized with a finite volume method and solved in time by a fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme. The equations are discretized at midspan both inside the blade rows and the non-bladed regions. The source terms express the blade-flow interactions and are estimated by calculating the velocity triangles for each blade row. Loss and deviation correlations are implemented and compared to experimental data in normal flow, stalled flow and reversed flow regions. Transient simulations are carried out and a parameter study is presented to analyze the shape of the surge cycles and the frequency of the surge oscillations. At last, a bleeding control strategy is implemented to study the recoverability of the instabilities in a compression system.

关键词： surge axial compressor dynamic simulation quasi-one-dimensional model bleeding control

Effect of Carboxymethyl Cellulose(CMC) Functionalization on Dispersion, Mechanical, and Corrosion Properties of CNT/Epoxy Nanocomposites

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第8期41卷 1277-1286,I0010页

作者： Da-Wei Zhang leonard Chia Ying Huang Department of Civil Construction and Environmental EngineeringNorth Dakota State UniversityFargo 58108USA

Carbon nanotube(CNT)/epoxy nanocomposites have a great potential of possessing many advanced ***,the homogenization of CNT dispersion is still a great challenge in the research field of *** study applied a novel dispersion agent,carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),to functionalize CNTs and improve CNT dispersion in *** effectiveness of the CMC functionalization was compared with mechanical mixing and a commonly used surfactant,sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate(Na DDBS),regarding dispersion,mechanical and corrosion properties of CNT/epoxy nanocomposites with three different CNT concentrations(0.1%,0.3%and 0.5%).The experimental results of Raman spectroscopy,particle size analysis and transmission electron microscopy showed that CMC functionalized CNTs reduced CNT cluster sizes more efficiently than Na DDBS functionalized and mechanically mixed CNTs,indicating a better CNT *** peak particle size of CMC functionalized CNTs reduced as much as 54%(0.1%CNT concentration)and 16%(0.3%CNT concentration),compared to mechanical mixed and Na DDBS functionalized *** of the better dispersion,it was found by compressive tests that CNT/epoxy nanocomposites with CMC functionalization resulted in 189%and 66%higher compressive strength,224%and 50%higher modulus of elasticity than those with mechanical mixing and Na DDBS functionalization respectively(0.1%CNT cencentration).In addition,electrochemical corrosion tests also showed that CNT/epoxy nanocomposites with CMC functionalization achieved lowest corrosion rate(0.214 mpy),the highest corrosion resistance(201.031Ω·cm^(2)),and the lowest porosity density(0.011%).

关键词： CNT/epoxy composites Carboxymethyl cellulose Dispersion Mechanical properties Corrosion properties

The Hidden Side of the Story between the Placenta and Preeclampsia: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Cohort of Pregnant Women in Cameroon

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2024年第4期14卷 610-620页

作者： Junie Annick Metogo Ntsama Ambroise Merci Engounou Seme Urielle Julie Tchuente Sutchueng Wilfried Loic Tatsipie Christian Vagoda Henry-leonard Chatelin Mol Madye Ngo Dingom Felix Essiben Cyrille Claude Noa Ndoua Yann chris Eng Odile Fernande Zeh Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Yaound&#233 I Yaound&#233 Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Introduction: Pre-eclampsia is a complication of pregnancy that generally occurs in the third trimester. It is associated with a maternal and foetal mortality rate of around 27%. In view of the grim picture painted by this condition for both mother and newborn, studies have been carried out into the early detection of patients at risk of developing pre-eclampsia. These make it possible to introduce pregnancy-specific monitoring and preventive strategies to reduce the incidence of the condition. Objective: To establish the link between placental ultrasound characteristics and the onset of pre-eclampsia. Methodology: A multicentre prospective cohort study was conducted in two hospitals in Yaoundé, namely the Yaoundé Gynaecological Obstetrics and Paediatrics Hospital and the Nkolndongo Health and Social Animation Centre, in the gynaecology and radiology departments over a period of 11 months, from October 2022 to August 2023. It included pregnant women who had undergone obstetric ultrasound between 12 and 18 weeks’ gestation. In addition to routine obstetric ultrasound, we performed obstetric Doppler measurements in these patients. The resistance index of the left and right uterine arteries, the umbilical artery and the placental volume were the characteristics sought. At the end of this examination, two groups were formed: cases (pathological Doppler group) and controls (normal Doppler group). Blood pressure and urine dipstick were taken at each antenatal visit until delivery, then during the immediate postpartum period and finally at 7 days, 21 days and 42 days after delivery. Results: Sixty-seven (67) patients were included. Of these, 35 (47.8%) had pathological Dopplers. Sixteen patients had arterial hypertension associated with proteinuria and were therefore labelled as pre-eclampsia (PE). This gives a prevalence of 23.9%. Fifteen (42.8%) of these patients belonged to the exposed group and one to the unexposed group. The mean IR of the pre-eclampsia patients was s

关键词： Pre-Eclampsia Doppler Ultrasound Placenta

Heritage trees and landscape design in urban areas of Rwanda

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第3期24卷 561-570页

作者： Jean leonard Seburanga Qixiang Zhang Faculty of Science National University of RwandaHuye Box 117Rwanda School of Landscape Architecture Beijing Forestry University

Trees play a key role in neighborhood landscapes, a belief that has been widely held for millennia in areas beyond Sub-Saharan Africa. Unfortunately, awareness of modern landscape architecture was almost absent in Rwanda until the late 20th century. Today, houses with sur- rounding decorative and amenity plants ate a common feature in Rwanda＇s neighborhood landscapes and, as the villagization of settle- ments progresses, new kinds of landscapes are emerging. This paper explores neighborhood tree planting around human settlements in the country. Remote sensing, photogrammetry, photo interpretation, and plant surveys were the core methods used. The average tree cover frac- tion ranged between 10%-35%. As the result of what is hereafter referred to as the ＂luxury effect,＂ a discrete gradient was detected along which the diversity of ornamental and amenity trees increases with the socio-economic status of neighborhoods： from rural settlements to urban residences via a series of intermediate designs, in which different levels of human-built vegetated areas alternate with non-landscaped spaces. Showy, non-productive amenity trees tend to occur more in wealthy quarters of the inner core of cities while edible ornamentals and other productive neighborhood trees prevail in rural and spontaneous settle- ments. In general, the practice of landscape plant design, in spite of its constant improvement, is still striving to get established as a profession in the country.

关键词： heritage trees patterns settlement neighborhoods, Rwanda

Human allograft rejection in humanized mice： a historica perspective

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2012年第3期9卷 225-231页

作者： Michael A Brehm leonard D Shultz Program in Molecular Medicine University of Massachusetts Medical School Worcester MA USA The Jackson Laboratory Bar Harbor M_E usA

Basic research in transplantation immunology has relied primarily on rodent models. Experimentation with rodents has laid the foundation for our basic understanding of the biological events that precipitate rejection of non-self or allogeneic tissue transplants and supported the development of novel strategies to specifically suppress allogeneic immune responses, However, translation of these studies to the clinic has met with limited success, emphasizing the need for new models that focus on human immune responses to allogeneic tissues. Humanized mouse models are an exciting alternative that permits investigation of the rejection of human tissues mediated by human immune cells without putting patients at risk. However, the use of humanized mice is complicated by a diversity of protocols and approaches, including the large number of immunodeficient mouse strains available, the choice of tissue to transplant and the specific human immune cell populations that can be engrafted. Here, we present a historical perspective on the study of allograft rejection in humanized mice and discuss the use of these novel model systems in transplant biology.

关键词： transplantation immunodeficient mice human

Reducing intrathecal pressure after traumatic spinal cord injury: a potential clinical target to promote tissue survival

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第3期10卷 380-382页

作者： Anna V leonard Robert Vink School of Medical Sciences University of Adelaide Division of Health Sciences University of South Australia

Spinal cord injury （SCI） is an unexpected event that is both devastating and debilitating, resulting in not just motor and sensory loss, but also autonomic dysfunction of the bladder, bowel and sexual organs. Currently, there are no treatments available to improve outcome follow- ing SCI, leaving individuals with permanent and lifelong physical disability. Worldwide it is estimated that more than 500,000 people sustain a SCI each year, with average lifetime cost of paraplegia and quadriplegia estimated at $5 million and $9.5 million respectively. We therefore urgently need effective therapies to improve quality of life following SCI, and this requires a greater understanding of how cell and axonal injury develops after the traumatic event.

关键词： ITP TBI a potential clinical target to promote tissue survival Reducing intrathecal pressure after traumatic spinal cord injury SCI

How Language Aims at a Target:The cognitive system underlying deixis and anaphora

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外国语 2013年第2期36卷 2-12页

作者： leonard Talmy University at Buffalo State University of New York

As a speaker communicates with a hearer,the speaker’s attention can come to be on a particular entityher " target"—that she wants to communicate about to the *** target can be located near or far in either the speech-external(deictic) or the speech-internal(anaphoric) *** thus needs the hearer to know what her intended target is and to have his attention on it jointly with her *** problem,though,is how to bring this *** cannot somehow reach into the hearer’s cognition and directly place his focus of attention on her selected *** solves this problem by initiating a certain two-stage procedure in the hearer’s *** this function,it uses a specialized set of mostly closed-class lexical forms;" triggers".English triggers include;this/ these,that/those,here,there,yonder,now,then,thus,so,such,yay,thisaway,thataway,personal pronouns, relative pronouns,and tense *** speaker initiates the hearer’s procedure by placing a trigger at the relevant point in the current sentence of her *** the first stage,the trigger directs the hearer to find certain elements of information to which he does have ready *** are "cues" to the speaker’s intended *** cues belong to ten distinct categories,representing ten different sources of *** the second stage,equipped with the cues he has found,the hearer uses them in combination to determine the speaker’s intended target.

关键词：英语学习学习方法阅读知识阅读材料