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Effects of acid deposition control in China:a review based on responses of subtropical forests

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 115-126页

作者： Danni Xie Xiaodong Ge lei duan Jan Mulder School of Land Engineering Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710064China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesBox 5003NO-1432ÅsNorway

For many decades,acid deposition used to pose a significant regional air pollution challenge in *** substantial emission control of anthropogenically derived sulfur and nitrogen containing gasses,both sulfur and nitrogen deposition,as well as the acid rain-affected area,have significantly decreased compared to their peak ***,particularly in the humid subtropics,are sensitive to acid deposition,as evidenced by soil acidification,sulfate and nitrate leaching in stream water,and elevated soil nitrous oxide *** in the total deposition of sulfur and nitrogen,caused a significant decline in sulfate and nitrate leaching from subtropical forest and subsequently in sulfate and nitrate concentrations in stream water,although there was about a 5-year *** delay may be attributed to the desorption of accumulated sulfate and continued elevated mineralization of accumulated nitrogen *** of nitrous oxide,a potent greenhouse gas,also declined in nitrogen-saturated subtropical forest soils,as soil water nitrate concentration ***,subtropical forests in China suffering from elevated acid deposition have begun to ***,the current levels of sulfur and nitrogen deposition continue to exceed the critical loads,i.e.,the assigned threshold levels in accordance with emission control policies,in more than 10%of the country’s land area,respectively,indicating remaining risks of acidification and ***,further emission reductions are urgently needed,also because they will help achieving goals related to air quality and nitrous oxide emissions.

关键词： Acidification Critical load Nitrous oxide Surface water chemistry Recovery

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Synergistic promotion of particulate matter reduction and production performance via adjusting electrochemical reactions in the zinc electrolysis industry

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第1期18卷 23-33页

作者： Zizhen Ma Jingkun Jiang lei duan Jianguo Deng Fuyuan Xu Zehui Li Linhua Jiang Ning duan School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering Qingdao University of TechnologyQingdao 266520China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of the EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse College of Environmental Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Physics Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Heavy particulate matter (PM) pollution and high energy consumption are the bottlenecks of hydrometallurgy, especially in the electrolysis process. Therefore, an urgent need is to explore PM reduction methods with production performance co-benefits. This study presents three PM reduction methods based on controlling operating parameters, i.e., lowering electrolyte temperature, H2SO4 concentration, and current density of the cathode. The optimized conditions were also investigated using the response surface methodology to balance the PM reduction effect and Zn production. The results showed that lowering electrolyte temperature is the most efficient, with an 89.0% reduction in the PM generation flux (GFPM). Reducing H2SO4 concentration led to the minimum side effects on the current efficiency of Zn deposition (CEZn) or power consumption (PC). With the premise of non-deteriorating CEZn and PC, GFPM can be reduced by 86.3% at the optimal condition (electrolyte temperature = 295 K, H2SO4 = 110 g/L, current density = 373 A/m^(2)). In addition, the reduction mechanism was elucidated by comprehensively analyzing bubble characteristics, electrochemical reactions, and surface tension. Results showed that lower electrolyte temperature inhibited the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and compressed gas volume. Lower H2SO4 concentration inhibited the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and reduced electrolyte surface tension. Lower current density inhibited both OER and HER by decreasing the reaction current. The inhibited gas evolutions reduced the microbubbles’ number and size, thereby reducing GFPM. These results may provide energy-efficient PM reduction methods and theoretical hints of exploring cleaner PM reduction approaches for industrial electrolysis.

关键词： Zinc electrolysis Particulate matter Energy consumption Operating parameters Bubble characteristic Electrochemical reaction

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Design and preparation of highly crystalline K-intercalated W@PCN:an efficient material for aniline elimination

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Rare Metals 2024年第3期43卷 1337-1342页

作者： Hao-Fei Li Kai-Wen Yu Xiao-Bi Jing lei duan Yi-Yang Zhang School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225002China School of Mechanical Engineering Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou225127China School of Material Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430071China School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Changzhou Institute of TechnologyChangzhou213032China Department of Basic Courses Army Engineering University of PLANanjing211101China

In this paper,we designed and prepared the polymeric carbon nitride-supported tungsten(W@PCN)*** were employed as the catalysts for photocatalytic oxidation of aniline in *** the process,H_(2)O_(2)was initially generated via the PCN-catalyzed *** by supported tungsten,aniline was oxidized by the in situ generated H_(2)O_(2)to obtain less toxicpoly aniline.

关键词： materials aniline crystalline

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Chromosome-level genome assembly of Oncomelania hupensis: the intermediate snail host of Schistosoma japonicum

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 16-26页

作者： Qin Liu lei duan Yun-Hai Guo Li-Min Yang Yi Zhang Shi-Zhu Li Shan Lv Wei Hu Nan-Sheng Chen Xiao-Nong Zhou National Institute of Parasitic Diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Centerfor Tropical Diseases Research) NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesNational Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious DiseasesShanghai 200025People's Republic of China School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases ResearchShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025People's Republic of China School of Life Science Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438People's Republic of China CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoShandong 266071People'sRepublicofChina

Background Schistosoma japonicum is a parasitic flatworm that causes human schistosomiasis, which is a significant cause of morbidity in China, the Philippines and *** hupensis (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) is the unique intermediate host ofS. japonicum. A complete genome sequence ofO. hupensis will enable the fundamental understanding of snail biology as well as its co-evolution with theS. japonicum parasite. Assembling a high-quality reference genome ofO. hupehensis will provide data for further research on the snail biology and controlling the spread ofS. *** The draft genome was de novo assembly using the long-read sequencing technology (PacBio Sequel II) and corrected with Illumina sequencing data. Then, using Hi-C sequencing data, the genome was assembled at the chromosomal level. CAFE was used to do analysis of contraction and expansion of the gene family and CodeML module in PAML was used for positive selection analysis in protein coding *** A total length of 1.46 Gb high-qualityO. hupensis genome with 17 unique full-length chromosomes (2n = 34) of the individual including a contig N50 of 1.35 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 75.08 Mb. Additionally, 95.03% of these contig sequences were anchored in 17 chromosomes. After scanning the assembled genome, a total of 30,604 protein-coding genes were predicted. Among them, 86.67% were functionally annotated. Further phylogenetic analysis revealed thatO. hupensis was separated from a common ancestor ofPomacea canaliculata andBellamya purificata approximately 170 million years ago. Comparing the genome ofO. hupensis with its most recent common ancestor, it showed 266 significantly expanded and 58 significantly contracted gene families (P < 0.05). Functional enrichment of the expanded gene families indicated that they were mainly involved with intracellular, DNA-mediated transposition, DNA integration and transposase *** Integrated use of multiple sequencing technol

关键词： Schistosomiasis Schistosoma japonicum Oncomelania hupensis Chromosome-level genome

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A probe into the acid deposition mitigation path in China over the last four decades and beyond

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National Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 84-92页

作者： Qian Yu Xiaodong Ge Haotian Zheng Jia Xing lei duan Dongwei Lv Dian Ding Zhaoxin Dong Yisheng Sun Posch Maximilian Danni Xie Yu Zhao Bin Zhao Shuxiao Wang Jan Mulder Thorj?rn Larssen Jiming Hao State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control &Resource Reuse and School of the Environment Nanjing University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex School of EnvironmentTsinghua University International Institute for Applied System Analysis(IIASA) School of Land Engineering Chang'an University Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management Norwegian University of Life Sciences Norwegian Institute for Water Research

China currently has the highest acid deposition globally, yet research on its status, impacts, causes and controls is lacking. Here, we compiled data and calculated critical loads regarding acid deposition. The results showed that the abatement measures in China have achieved a sharp decline in the emissions of acidifying pollutants and a continuous recovery of precipitation p H, despite the drastic growth in the economy and energy consumption. However, the risk of ecological acidification and eutrophication showed no significant decrease. With similar emission reductions, the decline in areas at risk of acidification in China(7.0%) lags behind those in Europe(20%) or the USA(15%). This was because, unlike Europe and the USA, China's abatement strategies primarily target air quality improvement rather than mitigating ecological impacts. Given that the area with the risk of eutrophication induced by nitrogen deposition remained at 13%of the country even under the scenario of achieving the dual targets of air quality and carbon dioxide mitigation in 2035, we explored an enhanced ammonia abatement pathway. With a further 27% reduction in ammonia by 2035, China could largely eliminate the impacts of acid deposition. This research serves as a valuable reference for China's future acid deposition control and for other nations facing similar challenges.

关键词： acid deposition critical loads acidification eutrophication ammonia abatement

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按病种分类的疾病诊疗难度测度及应用研究

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中国卫生政策研究 2024年第2期17卷 17-22页

作者：段磊张翔张研华中科技大学同济医学院医药卫生管理学院湖北武汉430030 湖北省人文社科重点研究基地农村健康服务研究中心湖北武汉430030

本研究首次界定了按病种分类的疾病诊疗难度的内涵,运用按病种的疾病发生概率、平均总费用与治愈好转率对病种诊疗难度系数进行测算。采用七县(市)区2017年新农合医保报销数据计算住院病种诊疗难度系数,并绘制“病例数—诊疗难度系数”... 详细信息

本研究首次界定了按病种分类的疾病诊疗难度的内涵,运用按病种的疾病发生概率、平均总费用与治愈好转率对病种诊疗难度系数进行测算。采用七县(市)区2017年新农合医保报销数据计算住院病种诊疗难度系数,并绘制“病例数—诊疗难度系数”分布图与拟合曲线,结果符合病种发生的实际状况。对其中两个样本县分别计算相同病种的诊疗难度系数,并进行配对资料秩和检验,计算结果不存在显著差异(P=0.73),提示该算法结果稳健,能够较好地描绘病种的发生与分布规律。测度结果能够用于明确医疗机构病种诊疗范围,刻画医疗服务供给与需求行为,但也存在较为依赖样本量、权重确定较为主观等问题。

关键词：病种诊疗难度测算模型效用评价

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基于全基因组的植物适应性进化研究取得新进展——藻苔属对青藏高原极端环境的适应

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中国科学：生命科学 2024年第8期54卷 1491-1492页

作者：段磊陈红锋中国科学院华南植物园植物资源保护与可持续利用重点实验室广州510650 华南国家植物园广州510650

适应性进化(adaptive evolution)指某物种在自然选择过程中,通过在基因和性状层面的进化以达到对有机和无机环境的适应,它是生物在变化多样的环境中存续和繁衍的最重要策略之一.自达尔文的《物种起源》发表至今,适应性进化的原理一直是... 详细信息

适应性进化(adaptive evolution)指某物种在自然选择过程中,通过在基因和性状层面的进化以达到对有机和无机环境的适应,它是生物在变化多样的环境中存续和繁衍的最重要策略之一.自达尔文的《物种起源》发表至今,适应性进化的原理一直是进化生物学的一个核心问题,对其进行分子层面的深入研究是了解其内在机制的必要条件,也是洞悉生物多样性形成的必由之路. 20世纪末,分子系统发育方法已被用于适应性进化研究,但长期受困于基因序列信息的不足,随着近年来三代测序技术的发展和普及,采用全基因组数据全面、深入地探讨物种适应性的分子机制便成为可能^([1]).

关键词：《物种起源》适应性进化进化生物学极端环境自然选择过程无机环境生物多样性分子层面

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论反“独”促统进程中的实际管辖措施

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台湾研究 2024年第2期 15-27页

作者：段磊熊鸿亮武汉大学法学院武汉大学两岸暨港澳法制研究中心

作为反“独”促统政策谱系中介于“交往型”和“遇制型”措施的中间措施,实际管辖是指在国家统一前的特殊情况下,以立法、司法、执法等法治形式,将中央政府所诠释的一个中国原则的完整意涵普遍化、常态化地贯彻落实在台湾地区的人、地... 详细信息

作为反“独”促统政策谱系中介于“交往型”和“遇制型”措施的中间措施,实际管辖是指在国家统一前的特殊情况下,以立法、司法、执法等法治形式,将中央政府所诠释的一个中国原则的完整意涵普遍化、常态化地贯彻落实在台湾地区的人、地、事等各方面,从而持续彰显中国国家主权和中央政府管辖权的实际效力,引导重塑台湾同胞正确的政治认同。对台湾地区居民的实际管辖,旨在对针对三类中央政府具有管辖连接点的台湾地区居民,以立法具体化、司法执法跟进保障的形式,塑造台湾地区居民自由发展、平等对待、权责一致、民主参与、叙事厚重的中国公民身份,其可行路径包括落实台湾地区居民政治领域同等待遇、推进台湾地区居民思想政治教育等。对台海区域的实际管辖,旨在对中国政府依法享有主权或管辖权的海域空域进行立法、司法、执法管辖,从而在与“台独”分裂势力和外部干涉势力的斗争中宣誓和彰显中国对台海地区的主权和管辖权,以实现对台海局势的积极塑造,其可行路径包括划定台海区域领海基线、落实日常行政管理措施等。

关键词：国家统一反“独”促统实际管辖属人管辖属地管辖

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2种聚烯烃的水平流淌燃烧行为及熔体流变性

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高分子材料科学与工程 2024年第6期40卷 92-98页

作者：王勇周奥辉李亚萍段蕾孙诗洋武汉科技大学资源与环境工程学院湖北武汉430081

聚合物熔融燃烧时会产生大量流滴熔体,严重影响燃烧行为和火灾危害,但是多数研究集中于垂直燃烧模式,仅少量研究探讨了几种生胶的水平燃烧行为。文中测定了聚乙烯和聚丙烯水平燃烧时的熔体流淌面积和质量损失速率,通过设计的锥形量热仪... 详细信息

聚合物熔融燃烧时会产生大量流滴熔体,严重影响燃烧行为和火灾危害,但是多数研究集中于垂直燃烧模式,仅少量研究探讨了几种生胶的水平燃烧行为。文中测定了聚乙烯和聚丙烯水平燃烧时的熔体流淌面积和质量损失速率,通过设计的锥形量热仪样品盒收集了水平流淌熔体并表征其熔融温度和剪切黏度。研究发现,与熔体流动受限相比,聚乙烯和聚丙烯的水平流淌燃烧面积增大约10倍,最大燃烧速率增加超过1倍。在50kW/m2热辐射作用下,聚乙烯和聚丙烯在临近着火时就出现熔体流淌现象,且水平燃烧流淌熔体分别占到试样初始质量的58%和42%,与垂直燃烧滴落熔体质量占比相近,流淌熔体的熔融温度比原聚合物低6.2℃,黏流活化能比原聚合物分别减小34.4%和29.9%。

关键词：锥形量热仪熔体流淌流变聚乙烯聚丙烯

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固定污染源手工监测数据质量分析与数字化设想

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广东化工 2024年第11期51卷 139-141页

作者：段镭上海清煜环保科技有限公司上海200135

从排位单位自行监测专项检查发现的问题和社会化环境检测机构的质量管理要素等方面分析影响固定污染源手工监测数据质量的主要因素,从数字化技术发展角度,提出监测数据质量提升的数字化设想。

关键词：监测数据质量数字化新质生产力固定污染源社会化环境检测机构

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