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Effects of Reduced Nocturnal Temperature on Performance and Behavior of Nursery Pigs

journal of Integrative Agriculture 2012年第9期11卷 1509-1516页

作者： lee j johnston West Central Research and Outreach Center University of MinnesotaMorris MN 56267 USA

Previous studies suggested that pigs prefer lower environmental temperatures during nighttime compared to daytime. So reducing nocturnal temperature in nursery barns may not jeopardize performance or welfare of pigs, but can save energy for heating the barn. A study was conducted to investigate growth performance and behavioral response of nursery pigs to reduced nocturnal temperature. This study was conducted in four replicates, each utilizing 270 newly weaned pigs and lasting for 5 wk. Temperature setpoint in the control room （CON） was started at 30℃ and decreased by 2℃ per week. In the treatment room （RNT）, temperature setpoint was maintained same as in CON between 7：00 h and 19：00 h, and reduced by 8~C between 19：00 h and 7：00 h starting from d 5. Growth performance （15 pens/room, 9 pigs/pen, BW=（6.3±0.61） kg） was monitored for 5 wk, and behaviors in 6 pens in each room were video-recorded for 24 h 3 d after being exposed to the experimental temperature. Instantaneous scan sampling was performed to determine time budgets for standing, sitting, eating, drinking, belly nosing, three postures of lying, and huddling. Two focal pigs were continuously viewed to record duration and occurrence of eating and drinking. Reduced nocturnal temperature did not affect the growth performance of the pigs, time spent standing, sitting, total lying and eating or duration and frequencies of eating and drinking （all P〉0.10）. However, RNT increased time spent lying sternal （83 vs. 72%, P〈0.001） and number of pigs that were huddling （70 vs. 50% of lying pigs, P〈0.001）, and decreased time spent lying laterally （0.8 vs. 4.6%, P〈0.001）, lying half laterally （5.3 vs. 11.0%, P〈0.001）, and belly nosing （0.9 vs. 1.7%, P=0.01） during nighttime. These results indicate that nursery pigs adopted the posture of lying sternal and huddled together to reduce heat loss from their body surface to maintain thermal balance and growth performance in RNT. Such mild reduction in nocturnal temperature in th

关键词： reduced nocturnal temperature behavior growth performance pigs

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Pyrroloquinoline quinone regulates the redox status in vitro and in vivo of weaned pigs via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第4期12卷 1451-1467页

作者： Caiyun Huang Zijuan Fan Dandan Han lee j.johnston Xi Ma Fenglai Wang State Key Lab of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science&TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Swine Nutrition and Production West Central Research and Outreach CenterUniversity of MinnesotaMorrisMNUSA Department of Internal Medicine/Department of Biochemistry University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTXUSA

Background:Oxidative stress is a main cause of piglet gut damage and *** quinone(PQQ),is a novel redox cofactor with antioxidant ***,the effect and mechanism that PQQ supplementation decreases oxidative injury in weaned pigs is not ***,the aim of this study is to confirm the effect of PQQ on regulating redox status in weaned pigs and the mechanism for antioxidant function by porcine intestinal epithelial cell line(IPEC-j2)challenged with H_(2)O_(2).Results:Experiment 1,144 Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs(weaned at 28 d)were allocated to four groups:received a basal diet(control)and diets supplemented with 0.15%,0.30%and 0.45%PQQ,*** d 28,growth performance,diarrhea incidence and redox factors were *** 2,IPEC-j2 were treated with or without PQQ in the presence or absence of H_(2)O_(2)for indicated time *** 3,IPEC-j2 were transfected with or without Nrf2 siRNA,then treated according to Experiment *** cell viability,redox factors,protein of tight junctions and Nrf2 pathway were *** vivo,PQQ supplementation demonstrated dose-related improvements in average daily gain,and gain to feed ratio(Linear Pjejunum,and increased concentration of SOD in liver;0.3%PQQ supplementation decreased ileal and liver MDA concentration;and 0.15%PQQ supplementation decreased ileal MDA concentration(Pjunction proteins expression including ZO-1,ZO-2,Occludin and Claudin-1;and decreased ROS concentration and level of Caspase-3(P<0.05);as well as upregulated the ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax and protein expression of nuclear Nrf2,***,Nrf2 knockdown by transfection with Nrf2 siRNA largely abrogated the positive effects of PQQ pretreatment on H_(2)O_

关键词： H_(2)O_(2) IPEC-j2 Nrf2 Oxidative stress Pyrroloquinoline quinone Weaned pig

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A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary fat effects on reproductive performance of sows and growth performance of piglets

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第3期13卷 662-681页

作者： Lixue Wang Shuai Zhang lee j.johnston Crystal L.Levesque jingdong Yin Bing Dong State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China West Central Research and Outreach Center University of MinnesotaMorrisMN 56267USA Department of Animal Science College of Agriculture and Biological SciencesSouth Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57007USA

Effects of added fat in sow diets on the sows’reproductive performance and offspring growth performance are influenced by multiple factors such as genetics,nutrition,parity,ambient temperatures,and farm *** studies cannot cover all these *** the view to address this challenge,we searched all studies that were published from 1986 to 2020,and performed a systematic review and meta-analysis on the fat *** total,19 papers were collected and *** supplementation in sow diets during late gestation and lactation decreased average daily feed intake(ADFI,P<0.05)and tended to increase average daily energy intake(ADEI,P=0.11).It had no impact on litter weights at birth(P=0.40)or weaning(P=0.46).It increased total numbers of piglets at birth(P=0.07),but had no effect on liveborn per litter(P=0.90)or survival rate(P=0.48)of piglets to *** supplementation had no significant effect on sow body weight loss(P=0.67)or backfat thickness changes(P=0.66),but sows fed diets with added fat had increased milk fat concentration(P=0.03)and shorter wean to estrus intervals(WEI,P=0.01).In specific circumstances,fat supplementation tended to improve growth performance of piglets with low litter weights at birth(P=0.14),or when the sows lost large amounts of body weight during lactation(P=0.11).The level of supplemented fat was 10%and higher would decrease liveborn per litter at neutral temperature(P=0.10).The meta-analysis revealed that fat supplementation to sows diet during late gestation and lactation can be beneficial for sow reproductive performance and litter growth performance.

关键词： Diets Fat Growth performance Piglets Reproductive performance Sows

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Addition of tert-butylhydroquinone(TBHQ)to maize oil reduces lipid oxidation but does not prevent reductions in serum vitamin E in nursery pigs

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journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第4期10卷 958-968页

作者： Yuan T.Hung Andrea R.Hanson Pedro E.Urriola lee j.johnston Brian j.Kerr Gerald C.Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota1988 Fitch Ave.St.PaulMN 55108USA Professional Swine Management LLCCarthageIL 62321USA USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment AmesIA 50011USA West Central Research and Outreach Center University of MinnesotaMorrisMN 56267USA

Background: Maize oil is abundantly used in foods and feeds and is highly susceptible to oxidation. Consequently,commercially available antioxidants should be evaluated for effectiveness against lipid oxidation in swine diets. Our study was conducted to evaluate growth performance of nursery pigs fed oxidized maize oil and to determine effects of using antioxidants on oxidative status in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Two hundred eight weaned pigs were blocked by initial BW into 13 blocks, resulting in 4 pigs per pen and 13 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included 6% unoxidized or oxidized maize oil, and 0 or 60 mg/kg of tert-butylhydroquinone(TBHQ), which was added after lipid oxidation. Data for growth performance were collected from 5 time periods of a two-phase feeding program(Phase 1 = d 0 to 12 and Phase 2 = d 13 to 34). Serum and liver samples were collected from one pig per pen, which had initial BW closest to average BW to determine oxidative status on d ***: Oxidized maize oil was heated for 12 h at 185 °C with 12 L/min of air, yielding a peroxide value(PV) of 5.98 m Eq O2/kg and TBARS of 0.11 mg MDA eq/g. Addition of TBHQ to diets containing oxidized maize oil decreased PV by 37% and increased the oil stability index by 69%. Final BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F of pigs were not different among the four dietary treatments. However, pigs fed oxidized maize oil tended(P < 0.08) to increase hepatosomatic index by 5% compared with those fed unoxidized oil, and this was not affected by adding *** serum vitamin E concentration of pigs fed oxidized maize oil was less(P < 0.03) than pigs fed unoxidized oil,but this reduction was not reversed by adding TBHQ. Finally, the serum and liver selenium concentration were not different among the ***: The addition of TBHQ did not affect growth performance and vitamin E status in pigs fed moderately oxidized maize oil, but TBHQ reduced lipid oxidation, enhanced the oil stability, and appeared to redu

关键词： Growth performance Lipid oxidation Maize oil Nursery pigs TBHQ Vitamin E

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母猪分娩的管理

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2002年第4期22卷 31-33页

作者：吴昊杰 lee j.johnston 美国明尼苏达大学

从临产到仔猪断奶 ,是养猪业中最为劳动密集的生产阶段之一。本文根据最近在美国全国猪肉生产者协会支持下制订的分娩管理培训课程。

关键词：母猪分娩管理助产采食量

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分娩管理技术

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当代畜禽养殖业 2003年第9期 22-23页

作者：包永玉李雨来 lee j. johnston 河北省玉田种猪场河北玉田064104 unversity of Minneseta USA

从母猪分娩前期到仔猪断奶是猪肉生产中一个最费工的环节,这里向大家介绍一些由在依阿华州的国家养猪生产者委员会重新编写的分娩管理训练课程中的一些最新技术。首先,分娩前经常观察母猪的行为对于预测母猪什么时候分娩是非常重要的,... 详细信息

从母猪分娩前期到仔猪断奶是猪肉生产中一个最费工的环节,这里向大家介绍一些由在依阿华州的国家养猪生产者委员会重新编写的分娩管理训练课程中的一些最新技术。首先,分娩前经常观察母猪的行为对于预测母猪什么时候分娩是非常重要的,准确的预测分娩时间有利于为新生仔猪准备一个良好的生存环境。

关键词：分娩管理技术母猪分娩特征胎次助产饲养管理

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Half a century after their discovery:Structural insights into exonuclease and annealase proteins catalyzing recombineering

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Engineering Microbiology 2024年第1期4卷 39-54页

作者： Lucy j.Fitschen Timothy P.Newing Nikolas P.johnston Charles E.Bell Gökhan Tolun School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience and Molecular HorizonsUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia The ARC Training Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins University of WollongongWollongongNSWAustralia Faculty of Science University of Technology SydneyUltimoNSW 2007Australia Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology The Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOH 43210

Recombineering is an essential tool for molecular biologists,allowing for the facile and efficient manipulation of bacterial genomes directly in cells without the need for costly and laborious in vitro manipulations involving restriction *** main workhorses behind recombineering are bacteriophage proteins that promote the single-strand annealing(SSA)homologous recombination pathway to repair double-stranded DNA *** there have been several reviews examining recombineering methods and applications,comparatively few have focused on the mechanisms of the proteins that are the key players in the SSA pathway:a 5′→3′exonuclease and a single-strand annealing protein(SSAP or“annealase”).This review dives into the structures and functions of the two SSA recombination systems that were the first to be developed for recombineering in ***:the RecET system from *** Rac prophage and the𝜆Red system from bacteriophageλ.By comparing the structures of the RecT and Red𝛽annealases,and the RecE and𝜆Exo exonucleases,we provide new insights into how the structures of these proteins dictate their *** the sequence conservation of the𝜆λExo and RecE exonucleases gives more profound insights into their critical functional ***,as recombineering accelerates and evolves in the laboratory,a better understanding of the mechanisms of the proteins behind this powerful technique will drive the development of improved and expanded capabilities in the future.

关键词： Recombineering Redβ λExo RecE RecT Protein structure Annealase Exonuclease

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Stability of Dirac Equation in Four-Dimensional Gravity

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Chinese Physics Letters 2017年第6期34卷 10-13页

作者： F. Safari H. jafari j. Sadeghi S. j. johnston D. Baleanu Department of Mathematics University of Mazandaran Babolsar Iran Physics Department University of Mazandaran Babolsar 4716-95447 Iran Department of Mathematical Sciences University of South Africa UNISA 0003 South Africa Department of Mathematics Faculty of Art and Science Cankaya University Balgat 06530 Turkey Institute of Space Sciences Magurele-Bueharest Romania

We introduce the Dirac equation in four-dimensional gravity which is a generally covariant form. We choose the suitable variable and solve the corresponding equation. To solve such equation and to obtain the corresponding bispinor, we employ the factorization method which introduces the associated Laguerre polynomial. The asso- ciated Laguerre polynomials help us to write the Dirac equation of four-dimensional gravity in the form of the shape invariance equation. Thus we write the shape invariance condition with respect to the secondary quantum number. Finally, we obtain the spinor wave function and achieve the corresponding stability of condition for the four-dimensional gravity system.

关键词： Stability of Dirac Equation in Four-Dimensional Gravity

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Have patients with esophagitis got an increased risk of adenocarcinoma? Results from a population-based study

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第46期11卷 7290-7295页

作者： Seamus j Murphy Lesley A Anderson Brian T johnston Deirdre A Fitzpatrick Peter RG Watson Pauline Monaghan Liam j Murray BSc MB BCh MRCPResearch Registrar in Gastroenterology Northern Ireland Cancer Registry (NICR)Northern Ireland PhDResearch assistant NICRNorthern Ireland MD MRCPRoyal Victoria Hospital Grosvenor RoadBelfast BT12 6BANorthern Ireland BiostatisticiansNICR Northern Ireland MD FRCPConsultant Gastroenterologists Royal Victoria HospitalGrosvenor RoadBelfast BT12 6BANorthern Ireland MBMFPHM Consultant/Senior lecturer in EpidemiologyDepartment of Epidemiology and Public HealthMulhouse BuildingGrosvenor RoadBelfast BT12 6BJNorthern Ireland

AIM: To examine an increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma is restricted to patients who develop Barrett's esophagus or whether esophagitis per se is a risk factor for ***: A population-based cohort of patients with histological evidence of esophagitis without Barrett's esophagus was constructed using electronic pathology reports relating to all esophageal biopsies in Northern Ireland between 1993 and 1996. Person-years of followup and incident cases of esophageal cancer were calculated by linking the cohort to death files and the Northern Ireland Cancer Registry records. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated for esophageal cancers (adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and histologically unspecified cancers).RESULTS: A total of 2 013 patients in the cohort provided 13 559 patient-years of follow-up (mean follow-up 6.7 years). None of the patients developed adenocarcinoma. Three patients developed SCC, and six developed histologically unspecified cancers. The SIR for all esophageal cancers and for SCC were 2.73 (95%CI 1.25-5.19) and 2.93 (95%CI 0.61-8.59), respectively. In a sensitivity analysis in which all unspecified esophageal cancers were treated as adenocarcinomas, the SIR for adenocarcinoma was 2.64 (0.97-5.75).CONCLUSION: The risk of adenocarcinoma is not elevated in patients with histological evidence of esophagitis without Barrett's esophagus; however, these patients may have a moderately increased risk of *** studies are required to confirm these findings,which suggest that Barrett's esophagus, not esophagitis,is the key precursor lesion in the development of adenocarcinoma.

关键词： Barrett's esophagus Esophageal adenocardnoma Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma Esophagitis Population-based study

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Visually Modelling Collaborative Research into Innovative Community Disaster Resilience Practice,Strategy,and Governance

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International journal of Disaster Risk Science 2015年第3期6卷 282-294页

作者： Thomas j.Huggins Robin Peace Stephen R.Hill David M.johnston Alicia Cuevas Muniz joint Centre for Disaster Research School of PsychologyMassey University School of Psychology Massey University School of Psychology Massey University Joint Centre of Disaster ResearchMassey University Faculty of Science University of Colima

In 2013 a new collaborative center was established in Wellington, New Zealand to focus on integrating resilience research with the region’s community disaster resilience strategy. An earlier study with parties to this center had indicated that researcher and practitioner groups were divided by attention to their own immediate knowledge and skills, but agreed there was a need to maximize community resilience benefits amongst a regional population. An action research workshop of researchers and practitioners used a visual logic model to focus on the pragmatic benefits of improving community resilience. The visual logic model was used to design research activities that would improve the regional community resilience strategy, which was still in an early implementation *** of 14 workshop participants were interviewed following the workshop. Statistical content analysis of interview data highlighted certain strengths of the action research process: visual monitoring and evaluation planning was a catalyst for complicated conversations between two very different groups of professionals; and researchers became more focused on practical issues as a result. Other findings suggested that in future collaborative researchgovernance would benefit from wider cycles of strategic intelligence, enhanced research contributions, and the use of different information formats for different *** formats for different purposes should also be considered when developing and implementing large-scale disaster risk reduction policies and strategies.

关键词： Collaborative research Community resilience Content analysis Emergency management Visual communication

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