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Materials Sciences and Applications 2018年第6期9卷 554-564页

作者： Genggongwo Shi Jin Woo park lee soon park CC Tech Cheonan South Korea Samsung Display Co. Ltd. Yongin South Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan South Korea

In order to improve the visibility for outside use of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), the polarized film and black matrix pattern have been used in the small and medium sized OLEDs;however, these cause problem of reducing the emission efficiency of OLED. Changing the color of pixel define layer (PDL) from brown to black is an important point for improving the efficiency and visibility of OLEDs. In this work we studied the photoresist material containing black pigment and the photolithographic process for patterning of black PDL on OLEDs. The black PDL patterns made with our synthesized polyimides as thermal stabilizer were found to give high thermal stability over 300°C.

关键词： Organic Light Emitting Diode Pixel Define Layer Black Pixel Define Layer Photolithography

Methane Emission from Rice Fields:Necessity for Molecular Approach for Mitigation

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Rice science 2024年第2期31卷 159-178页

作者： Sujeevan RAJENDRAN Hyeonseo park Jiyoung KIM soon Ju park Dongjin SHIN Jong-Hee lee Young Hun SONG Nam-Chon PAEK Chul Min KIM Department of Horticulture Industry Wonkwang UniversityIksan 54538Korea Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center Gyeongsang National UniversityJinju 52828Korea Department of Southern Area Crop Science National Institute of Crop ScienceMiryang 50424Korea Department of Agricultural Biotechnology Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea Department of Plant Science Plant Genomics and Breeding InstituteResearch Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Korea

Anthropogenic methane emissions are a leading cause of the increase in global averagetemperatures,often referred to as global *** soils play a significant role in methaneproduction,where the anaerobic conditions promote the production of methane by *** fields contribute a considerable portion of agricultural methane emissions,as riceplants provide both factors that enhance and limit methane *** plants harbor both methaneproducingand methane-oxidizing *** from rice roots provide source for methaneproduction,while oxygen delivered from the root aerenchyma enhances methane *** haveshown that the diversity of these microorganisms depends on rice cultivars with some genes characterizedas harboring specific groups of microorganisms related to methane ***,there is still aneed for research to determine the balance between methane production and oxidation,as rice plantspossess the ability to regulate net methane *** agronomical practices,such as fertilizerand water management,have been employed to mitigate methane ***,studiescorrelating agronomic and chemical management of methane with productivity are ***,evidences for breeding low-methane-emitting rice varieties are scattered largely due to the absence ofcoordinated breeding *** has indicated that phenotypic characteristics,such as rootbiomass,shoot architecture,and aerenchyma,are highly correlated with methane *** reviewdiscusses available studies that involve the correlation between plant characteristics and *** emphasizes the necessity and importance of breeding low-methane-emitting rice varieties inaddition to existing agronomic,biological,and chemical *** review also delves into the idealphenotypic and physiological characteristics of low-methane-emitting rice and potential breeding techniques,drawing from studies conducted

关键词： methane emission rice breeding aerenchyma greenhouse gas radial oxygen loss

Acidic Polyester Imides as Thermally Stable Binder Polymers for Negative-Tone Black Photoresist

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2020年第4期11卷 234-244页

作者： Genggongwo Shi Kyeongha Baek Jun Bae lee soon park School of Material Science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan South Korea CCTech. Co. Ltd. Hwaseong South Korea Duksan Neolux Co. Ltd. Cheonan South Korea

Polyimides are well-known for their high chemical inertness and thermal stability. However, it is usually challenging to synthesize UV-curable polyimides since the imidization reaction requires such harsh conditions that acrylate type double bonds cannot withstand. In this work, synthetic methods are developed to obtain polyester-imide type binder polymers with high thermal stability, high compatibility with the other components of the black photoresist, and fine photolithographic patterning property for the negative-tone black photoresist. The syntheses of diimide-diacid or diimide-diol intermediates for the polyesterification with dianhydride gave polyester imides which meets this requirement. The photolithographic tests have shown that the patterning of the micron-sized PDL of the organic light emitting diode (OLED) panel could be obtained. This work will interest the researchers working on the design and optimization of thermally stable binder polymers.

关键词： Polyester Imide One-Pot Solution Polymerization Black Photoresist Photolithography

Long-term outcomes of very low birth weight infants with intraventricular hemorrhage:a nationwide population study from 2011 to 2019

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第7期20卷 692-700页

作者： Joonsik park Sook-Hyun park Yu-ra Kwon So Jin Yoon Joo Hee Lim Jung Ho Han Jeong Eun Shin Ho Seon Eun Min Soo park soon Min lee Department of Pediatrics Yonsei University College of Medicine211 Eonjuro GangnamguSeoul 06273Republic of Korea

Background Advancements in neonatal care have increased preterm infant survival but paradoxically raised intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH)*** study explores IVH prevalence and long-term outcomes of very low birth weight(VLBW)infants in Korea over a *** Using Korean National Health Insurance data(NHIS,2010-2019),we identified 3372 VLBW infants with IVH among 4,129,808 live ***-related claims data,encompassing diagnostic codes,diagnostic test costs,and administered procedures were sourced from the NHIS *** results of the developmental assessments are categorized into four groups based on standard deviation(SD)*** characteristics and complications were compared among the *** regression models were employed to identify significant changes in the incidence of complications and to calculate odds ratios with corresponding 95%confidence intervals for each risk factor associated with mortality and morbidity in ***-term growth and development were compared between the two groups(years 2010-2013 and 2014-2017).Results IVH prevalence was 12%in VLBW and 16%in extremely low birth weight(ELBW)*** the past decade,IVH rates increased significantly in ELBW infants(P=0.0113),while mortality decreased(P=0.0225).Major improvements in certain neurodevelopmental outcomes and reductions in early morbidities have been observed among VLBW infants with *** percent of the population received surgical treatments such as external ventricular drainage(EVD)or a ventriculoperitoneal(VP)shunt,with the choice of treatment methods remaining consistent over *** IVH with surgical intervention group exhibited higher incidences of delayed development,cerebral palsy,seizure disorder,and growth failure(height,weight,and head circumference)up to 72 months of age(P<0.0001).Surgical treatments were also significantly associated with abnormal developmental screening test *** The neurodevelopmental outcomes of infa

关键词： Cerebral intraventricular hemorrhage Developmental Hydrocephalus Mortality Posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation Surgery

Tidal effects based on a GUP-induced effective metric

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2024年第9期76卷 63-72页

作者： soon-Tae Hong Yong-Wan Kim Young-Jai park Center for Quantum Spacetime and Department of Physics Sogang UniversitySeoul 04107Republic of Korea Department of Physics and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonju 54896Republic of Korea Department of Physics Sogang UniversitySeoul 04107Republic of Korea

In this paper,we study tidal forces in the Schwarzschild black hole,whose metric explicitly includes a generalized uncertainty principle(GUP)*** also investigate interesting features of the geodesic equations and tidal effects that are dependent on the GUP parameterαrelated to a minimum ***,by solving the geodesic deviation equations explicitly with appropriate boundary conditions,we show thatαin the effective metric affects both the radial and angular components of the geodesic equation,particularly near the singularities.

关键词： generalized uncertainty principle geodesic deviation equation effective metric

Melt and One-Pot Solution Synthesis of Thermally Stable, Organosoluble and Photocurable Acidic Polyimides

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2019年第11期10卷 709-720页

作者： Genggongwo Shi Jeseob Kim Kyeongha Baek Jun Bae lee soon park School of Material Science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan Korea CCTech. Co. Ltd Hwaseong Korea DuksanNeolux Co. Ltd. Cheonan Korea

Polyimides are well known for their high chemical and thermal stability. However, a few polyimide samples have been reported which are completely soluble in such environmentally friendly and common organic solvent as propyleneglycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA). In this work thermally stable, organosoluble and photocurable acidic polyimides were synthesized by simple and cost effective one-pot solution method. They polyimides obtained by this method showed much higher thermal stability (1 wt% loss temperature 345°C) than melt polymerized polyimides owing to the photocrosslinking reactions by the terminal double bonds.

关键词： Polyimide Melt Polymerization One-Pot Solution Polymerization Thermal Stability Organosoluble Polyimide Photocurable Polyimide

Acupuncture ameliorates atopic dermatitis by modulating gut barrier function in a gut microbiota-dependent manner in mice

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第5期22卷 600-613页

作者： Mijung Yeom Sora Ahn Dae-Hyun Hahm Sun-Young Jang Se Hoon Jang Su-Yang park Jae-Hwan Jang Jihan park Ju-Young Oh In-Seon lee Kyuseok Kim soon-Kyeong Kwon Hi-Joon park Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center College of Korean MedicineKyung Hee University Department of Physiology School of MedicineKyung Hee University BioNanocomposite Research Center Kyung Hee University Department of Science in Korean Medicine College of Korean MedicineGraduate SchoolKyung Hee University College of Korean Medicine Kyung Hee University Department of Ophthalmology Otorhinolaryngology and Dermatology of Korean MedicineCollege of Korean MedicineKyung Hee University Division of Applied Life Science (BK21) Gyeongsang National University Department of Anatomy & Information Sciences College of Korean MedicineKyung Hee University

Objective: Atopic dermatitis(AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that may be linked to changes in the gut microbiome. Acupuncture has been proven to be effective in reducing AD symptoms without serious adverse events, but its underlying mechanism is not completely understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the potential effect of acupuncture on AD is gut ***: AD-like skin lesions were induced by applying MC903 topically to the cheek of the *** was done at the Gok-Ji(LI11) acupoints. AD-like symptoms were assessed by lesion scores,scratching behavior, and histopathological changes; intestinal barrier function was measured by fecal output, serum lipopolysaccharide levels, histopathological changes, and mRNA expression of markers involved in intestinal permeability and inflammation. Gut microbiota was profiled using 16S rRNA gene sequencing from fecal ***: Acupuncture effectively improved chronic itch as well as the AD-like skin lesions with epidermal thickening, and also significantly altered gut microbiota structure as revealed by β-diversity indices and analysis of similarities. These beneficial effects were eliminated by antibiotic depletion of gut microbiota,but were reproduced in gut microbiota-depleted mice that received a fecal microbiota transplant from acupuncture-treated mice. Interestingly, AD mice had intestinal barrier dysfunction as indicated by increased intestinal permeability, atrophy of the mucosal structure(reduced villus height and crypt depth), decreased expression of tight junctions and mucus synthesis genes, and increased expression of inflammatory mediators in the ileum. Acupuncture attenuated these abnormalities, which was gut ***: Acupuncture ameliorates AD-like phenotypes in a gut microbiota-dependent manner and some of these positive benefits are explained by modulation of the intestinal barrier, providing new perspective for non-phar

关键词： Acupuncture Atopic dermatitis Gut microbiota Intestinal barrier function

Epoxy Methacrylate Resin as Binder Polymer for Black Negative-Tone Photoresists

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2020年第5期11卷 285-295页

作者： Genggongwo Shi Kyeongha Baek Seon Hong Ahn Jun Bae Jeseob Kim lee soon park CCTech. Co. Ltd. Hwaseong South Korea School of Material Science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan South Korea Duksan Neolux Co. Ltd. Cheonan South Korea

Epoxy acrylate (EA) resin, which originates from epoxides, has long been served as a photocurable coating and adhesive material owing to its double bonds. Specifically, alkaline-developable EA resins can be used as a binder polymer in negative-tone photoresists. In this work, we synthesized a series of acidic polyester-type epoxy methacrylate resins, characterized the intermediates and products, and tested their performance as a binder polymer for the photolithographic micro-patterning of the pixel-defining layer on organic light-emitting diodes in comparison to a widely used commercial binder polymer. Copolymer-type binder polymer BP-2-2 was produced excellent patterning with no residue due to its high compatibility with the black mill base.

关键词： Epoxy Methacrylate Resin Negative-Tone Photoresist Binder Polymer

Synthesis of New Binder Polymers for Photolithographic Patterning of Black Pixel Define Layers of Organic Light Emitting Diode

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2019年第11期10卷 687-696页

作者： Genggongwo Shi Kyeongha Baek Seon Hong Ahn Jun Bae Jeseob Kim lee soon park CCTech. Co. Ltd Hwaseong Korea School of Material Science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan Korea Duksan Neolux Co. Ltd. Cheonan Korea

The fabrication of black pixel define layer (PDL) on the organic light emitting diode (OLED) panel has been developed actively by using negative-tone black photoresist which contain photoinitiator, photosensitizer, binder polymer, multifunctional monomer and black mill base in order to improve the outdoor visibility of OLEDs. Cardo type binder polymer containing bulky and rigid fluorene group has been widely used in the black photoresist formulation. However, the commercial cardo binder polymer has high cost and requires high UV dose for the fine patterning of PDL in the photolithographic process. In this study we designed and synthesized various non-cardo type binder polymers and evaluated the new binder polymers in comparison with the cardo binder polymer for the improved patterning of PDL on the OLED panel.

关键词： Organic Light Emitting Diode Pixel Define Layer Photolithography One-Pot Synthesis

Stretchable Strain Sensors Fabricated by Screen Printing of Silver Paste on the Surface Modified Transparent Elastomeric Polyurethane Films

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2018年第13期9卷 1008-1020页

作者： Chang Gyu lee Bo Seok Kwon Hyun Min Nam Duck Min Seo Jinwoo park Hyuc Hwangbo lee soon park Su Yong Nam Department of Graphic Arts Information Engineering Pukyong Natioinal University Busan Korea School of Materials Science and Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan Korea Screen Finetech Solutions Co. Ltd. Kyoto Japan FP Co. Ltd. Busan Korea

Strain sensors for human-motion detection must offer high stretchability, high sensitivity, fast response, and high recovery speed. In this study, we choose silver paste as a sensing material and use a screen printing method to fabricate the strain sensor based upon an electrical-resistance mechanism. After curing elastomeric polyurethane film with a thickness of 150 μm on PET film, the polyester resin mixed with blocked isocyanate curing agent was coated as a masking layer to reduce the film’s stickiness. The effect of the polyester masking layer upon the silver paste screen printing process was examined using a rolling-ball-tack test, TGA analysis of polyester resins, and cured silver-electrode films. The cost-effective strain sensor fabricated by using silver paste and screen printing processes on the stretchable-polyurethane-substrate film showed high sensitivity and fast response in a strain range of up to 100%.

关键词： Stretchable Strain Sensor Screen Printing Silver Paste