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Mitophagy links oxidative stress conditions and neurodegenerative diseases

Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第5期14卷 749-756页

作者： Ulfuara Shefa Na Young Jeong In Ok Song hyung-joo Chung Dokyoung Kim Junyang Jung Youngbuhm Huh Department of Biomedical Science Graduate School Kyung Hee University Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology College of Medicine Dong-A University Department of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Cheil General Hospital Dankook University College of Medicine Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine College of Medicine Kosin University Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology College of Medicine Kyung Hee University

Mitophagy is activated by a number of stimuli, including hypoxia, energy stress, and increased oxidative phosphorylation activity. Mitophagy is associated with oxidative stress conditions and central neurodegenerative diseases. Proper regulation of mitophagy is crucial for maintaining homeostasis; conversely, inadequate removal of mitochondria through mitophagy leads to the generation of oxidative species, including reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species, resulting in various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. These diseases are most prevalent in older adults whose bodies fail to maintain proper mitophagic functions to combat oxidative species. As mitophagy is essential for normal body function, by targeting mitophagic pathways we can improve these disease conditions. The search for effective remedies to treat these disease conditions is an ongoing process, which is why more studies are needed. Additionally, more relevant studies could help establish therapeutic conditions, which are currently in high demand. In this review, we discuss how mitophagy plays a significant role in homeostasis and how its dysregulation causes neurodegeneration. We also discuss how combating oxidative species and targeting mitophagy can help treat these neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： nerve regeneration mitophagy central nervous system Alzheimer’s disease Parkinson’s disease Huntington’s disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis oxidative species reactive oxygen species reactive nitrogen species

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Roles of humidity and heat treatment temperatures on YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-x) coated conductors by trifluoroacetic acid-metal organic deposition process

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第4期19卷 956-960页

作者： Seok-Hern JANG Jun-hyung LIM Chang-Min lee Eui-Cheol PARK Soo-Min HWANG Jun-Hyuk CHOI Jong-Hyun SHIM Jin-Hyun PARK Won KIM Jinho joo School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Sungkyunkwan University

YBa2Cu3O7-x(YBCO) films were fabricated on an LAO substrate using the trifluoroacetic acid-metal organic deposition(TFA-MOD) method and the effects of the humidity and heat treatment temperatures on the microstructure,degree of texture and critical properties of the films were *** order to understand the combined effects of the humidity and the calcining and firing temperatures on critical properties,heat-treatment was performed at various temperatures with the other processing variables *** films were calcined at 400-430 ℃ and fired at 750-800 ℃ in a 0-12.1% humidified Ar-O2 *** texture was determined by pole-figure *** amount of the BaF2 phase was effectively reduced and a sharp and strong biaxial texture was formed under a humidified atmosphere,which led to increased critical *** addition,the microstructure varied significantly with firing temperature but changed little with calcining *** highest IC of 40 A/cm-width,which corresponds to JC value of 1.8 MA/cm2,was obtained for the films fired at 775 ℃(in 12.1% humidity) after calcining at 400-430 ℃.It is likely that the highest IC value is due to the formation of a more pure YBCO phase,c-axis grains,and a denser microstructure.

关键词： YBa2Cu3O7 热处理温度三氟乙酸沉积过程湿度涂层导体有机金属微观结构变化

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Identification of TRPM7 channels in human intestinal interstitial cells of Cajal

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第46期15卷 5799-5804页

作者： Byung joo Kim Kyu joo Park hyung Woo Kim Seok Choi Jae Yeoul Jun In Youb Chang Ju-Hong Jeon Insuk So Seon Jeong Kim School of Korean Medicine Pusan National University Department of Surgery College of MedicineSeoul National University Department of Physiology College of MedicineChosun University Department of Anatomy College of MedicineChosun University Center for Bio-Artif icial Muscle and Department of Physiology College of MedicineSeoul National University Center for Bio-Artifi cial Muscle and Depart-ment of Biomedical Engineering Hanyang University

AIM： To investigate the characteristics of slow electrical waves and the presence of transient receptor potential melastatin-type 7 （TRPM7） in the human gastrointestinal （GI） tract. METHODS： Conventional microelectrode techniques were used to record intracellular electrical responses from human GI smooth muscle tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify TRPM7 channels in interstitial cells of Cajat （ICCs）. RESULTS： The human GI tract generated slow electrical waves and had ICCs which functioned as pacemak er cells. Flufenamic acid, a nonselective cation channel blocker, and 2-APB （2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate） and La3＋, TRPM7 channel blockers, inhibited the slowwaves. Also, TRPM7 channels were expressed in ICCs in human tissue. CONCLUSION： These results suggest that the human GI tract generates slow waves and that TRPM7 channels expressed in the ICCs may be involved in the gen- eration of the slow waves.

关键词： Electrophysiology Interstitial cells of Cajal TRPM cation channels Transient receptor potential melastatin-type 7 protein Human Gastrointestinal tract

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Paeonol attenuates inflammation-mediated neurotoxicity and microglial activation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第18期8卷 1637-1643页

作者： Kyong Nyon Nam Byung-Cheol Woo Sang-Kwan Moon Seong-Uk Park joo-young Park Jae-Woong Hwang hyung-Sup Bae Chang-Nam Ko Eunjoo Hwang lee Graduate School of East-West Medical Science Kyung Hee University Department of Cardiovascular & Neurologic Diseases (Stroke Center) Hospital of Oriental Medicine Kyung Hee University

Chronic activation of microglial cells endangers neuronal survival through the release of various proinflammatory and neurotoxic factors. The root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall has been considered useful for the treatment of various disorders in traditional oriental medicine. Paeonol, found in the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, has a wide range of pharmacological functions, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities. The objective of this study was to examine the efficacy of paeonol in the repression of inflammation-induced neurotoxicity and microglial cell activation. Organotypic hippocampal slice cultures and primary microglial cells from rat brain were stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Paeonol pretreatment was performed for 30 minutes prior to lipopolysaccharide addition. Cell viability and nitrite （the production of nitric oxide）, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-lbeta products were measured after lipopolysaccharide treatment. In organotypic hippocampal slice cultures, paeonol blocked lipopolysaccharide-related hippocampal cell death and inhibited the release of nitrite and interleukin-lbeta. Paeonol was effective in inhibiting nitric oxide release from primary microglial cells. It also reduced the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and intefleukin-1β from microglial cells. Paeonol possesses neuroprotective activity in a model of inflammation-induced neurotoxicity and reduces the release of neurotoxic and proinflammatory factors in activated microglial cells.

关键词： neural regeneration traditional Chinese medicine brain inflammation interleukin-lbeta microglia neurotoxicity neuroprotection nitric oxide organotypic hippocampal slice culture Paeonia lactifloraPall paeonol tumor necrosis factor-alpha neuroregeneration

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An effective method to reduce residual lithium compounds on Ni-rich Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 active material using a phosphoric acid derived Li3PO4 nanolayer

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Nano Research 2015年第5期8卷 1464-1479页

作者： Chang-Heum Jo Dae-Hyun Cho hyung-joo Noh Hithshi Yashiro Yang-Kook Sun Seung Taek Myung Department of Nano Engineering Sejong University 98 Gunja-dong Gwangjin-gu Seou1143-747 Republic of Korea Department of Chemical Engineering Iwate University Morioka Iwate 020-8551 Japan Department of Energy Engineering Hanyang University Seongdong-gu Seou1133-791 Republic of Korea

The Ni-rich Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 surface has been modified with H3PO4. After coating at 80 ℃, the products were heated further at a moderate temperature of 500 ℃ in air, when the added H3PO4 transformed to Li3PO4 after reacting with residual LiOH and Li2CO3 on the surface. A thin and uniform smooth nanolayer （〈 10 nm） was observed on the surface of Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopic （ToF-SIMS） data exhibit the presence of LIP＋, LiPO-, and Li2PO2＋ fragments, indicating the formation of the Li3PO4 coating layer on the surface of the Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2. As a result, the amounts of residual lithium compounds, such as LiOH and Li2CO3, are significantly reduced. As a consequence, the LigPO4-coated Li[Ni0.6Co0.2Mn0.2]O2 exhibits noticeable improvement in capacity retention and rate capability due to the reduction of residual LiOH and Li2CO3. Further investigation of the extensively cycled electrodes by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, TEM, and ToF-SIMS demonstrated that the LiBPO4 coating layers have multi-functions： Absorption of water in the electrolyte that lowers the HF level, HF scavenging, and protection of the active materials from deleterious side reactions with the electrolyte during extensive cycling, enabling high capacity retention over 1,000 cycles.

关键词： Li3PO4 coating positive electrode lithium batteries

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Effects of oxygen concentration and flow rate on cognitive ability and physiological responses in the elderly

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第3期8卷 264-269页

作者： Hyun-Jun Kim Hyun-Kyung Park Dae-Woon Lim Mi-Hyun Choi Hyun-joo Kim In-Hwa lee hyung-Sik Kim Jin-Seung Choi Gye-Rae Tack Soon-Cheol Chung Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Konkuk University Department of Laboratory Medicine Seoul Clinical Laboratories Department of Information & Communication Engineering Dongguk University Department of Biomedical Engineering Research Institute of Biomedical EngineeringCollege of Biomedical & Health ScienceKonkuk University

The supply of highly concentrated oxygen positively affects cognitive processing in normal young adults. However, there have been few reports on changes in cognitive ability in elderly subjects following highly concentrated oxygen administration. This study investigated changes in cognitive ability, blood oxygen saturation （%）, and heart rate （beats/min） in normal elderly subjects at three different levels of oxygen [21% （1 L/min）, 93% （1 L/min）, and 93% （5 L/min）] administered during a 1-back task. Eight elderly male （75.3 ＋ 4.3 years old） and 10 female （71.1 ＋ 3.9 years old） subjects, who were normal in cognitive ability as shown by a score of more than 24 points in the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea, participated in the experiment. The experiment consisted of an adaptation phase after the start of oxygen administration （3 minutes）, a control phase to obtain stable baseline measurements of heart rate and blood oxygen saturation before the task （2 minutes） and a task phase during which the 1-back task was performed （2 minutes）. Three levels of oxygen were administered throughout the three phases （7 minutes）. Blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured during each phase. Our results show that blood oxygen saturation increased, heart rate decreased, and response time in the 1-back task decreased as the concentration and amount of administered oxygen increased. This shows that administration of sufficient oxygen for optimal cognitive functioning increases blood oxygen saturation and decreases heart rate.

关键词： neural regeneration clinical practice highly concentrated oxygen cognitive task 1-back task cognitive ability blood oxygen saturation heart rate physiological responses elderly grant-supported paper neuroregeneration

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Cerebral and splenic infarctions after injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate in esophageal variceal bleeding

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第34期19卷 5759-5762页

作者： Dae-Seong Myung Cho-Yun Chung hyung-Chul Park Jong-Sun Kim Sung-Bum Cho Wan-Sik lee Sung-Kyu Choi Young-Eun joo Department of Internal Medicine Chonnam National University Medical School

Variceal bleeding is the most serious complication of portal hypertension,and it accounts for approximately one fifth to one third of all deaths in liver cirrhosis ***,endoscopic treatment remains the predominant method for the prevention and treatment of variceal *** treatments include band ligation and injection *** sclerotherapy with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate has been successfully used to treat variceal *** injection sclerotherapy with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate provides effective treatment for variceal bleeding,injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate is associated with a variety of complications,including systemic ***,we report a case of cerebral and splenic infarctions after the injection of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate to treat esophageal variceal bleeding.

关键词： Cerebrum Esophageal varix Infarction N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate Spleen

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A case of hypereosinophilic syndrome presenting with intractable gastric ulcers

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第48期15卷 6129-6133页

作者： Tae Young Park Chang Hwan Choi Suh Yoon Yang InSoo Oh In-Do Song Hyun Woong lee hyung joon Kim Jae Hyuk Do Sae Kyung Chang Ah Ra Cho Young joo Cha Department of Internal Medicine Chung-Ang University College of Medicine Department of Laboratory Medicine Chung-Ang University College of Medicine

We report a rare case of hypereosinophilic syndrome （HES） presenting with intractable gastric ulcers. A 71-year-old man was admitted with epigastric pain. Initial endoscopic findings revealed multiple, active gastric ulcers in the gastric antrum. He underwent Helicobacterpylori （Hpylon） eradication therapy followed by proton pump inhibitor （PPI） therapy. However, follow- up endoscopy at 4, 6, 10 and 14 mo revealed persistent multiple gastric ulcers without significant improvement. The proportion of his eosinophil count increased to 43% （total count： 7903/mm3）. Abdominal-pelvic and chest computed tomography scans showed multiple small nodules in the liver and both lungs. The endoscopic biopsy specimen taken from the gastric antrum revealed prominent eosinophilic infiltration, and the liver biopsy specimen also showed eosinophilic infiltration in the portal tract and sinusoid. A bone marrow biopsy disclosed eosinophilic hyperplasia as well as increased cellularity of 70%. The patient was finally diagnosed with HES involving the stomach, liver, lung, and bone marrow. When gastric ulcers do not improve despite H pylon eradication and prolonged PPI therapy, infiltrative gastric disorders such as HES should be considered.

关键词： Gastric ulcer Hypereosinophilic syndrome

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Magnifying endoscopy for the diagnosis of specialized intestinal metaplasia in short-segment Barrett's esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第41期19卷 7089-7096页

作者： Nam Seok Ham Jae Young Jang Sung Woo Ryu Ji Hye Kim Eui Ju Park Woong Cheul lee Kwang Yeun Shim Soung Won Jeong Hyun Gun Kim Tae Hee lee Sung Ran Jeon Jun hyung Cho joo Young Cho So Young Jin Ji Sung lee Institution for Digestive Research Digestive Disease CenterDepartment of Internal MedicineSoonchunhyang University HospitalSeoul 140-743South Korea Department of Pathology Soonchunhyang University HospitalSeoul 140-743South Korea Biostatistical Consulting Unit Soonchunhyang University HospitalSeoul 140-743South Korea

AIM:To determine whether magnified observation of short-segment Barrett’s esophagus(BE)is useful for the detection of specialized intestinal metaplasia(SIM).METHODS:Thirty patients with suspected short-segment BE underwent magnifying endoscopy up to×*** magnified images were analyzed with respect to their pit-patterns,which were simultaneously classified into five epithelial types[Ⅰ(small round),Ⅱ(straight),Ⅲ(long oval),Ⅳ(tubular),Ⅴ(villous)]by Endo’s ***,a 0.5%solution of methylene blue(MB)was sprayed over columnar *** patterns of the magnified image and MB staining were *** were obtained from the regions previously observed by magnifying endoscopy and MB ***:Three of five patients with a typeⅤ(villous)epithelial pattern had SIM,whereas 21 patients with a non-typeⅤepithelial patterns did not have *** sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of pit-patterns in detecting SIM were 100%,91.3%,92.3%,60%and100%,respectively(P=0.004).Three of the 12 patients with positive MB staining had SIM,whereas 14patients with negative MB staining did not have *** sensitivity,specificity,accuracy,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value of MB staining in detecting SIM were 100%,60.9%,65.4%,25%and100%,respectively(P=0.085).The specificity and accuracy of pit-pattern evaluation were significantly superior compared with MB staining for detecting SIM by comparison with the exact McNemar’s test(P=0.0391).CONCLUSION:The magnified observation of a shortsegment BE according to the mucosal pattern and its classification can be predictive of SIM.

关键词： Short-segment Barrett’s esophagus Magnifying endoscopy Methylene blue chromoendoscopy Specialized intestinal metaplasia Dysplasia Esophageal adenocarcinoma Diagnosis

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Flow Boiling CHF Experiments using Nanofluids under Different Heating Rate

Flow Boiling CHF Experiments using Nanofluids under Differen...

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The Fifth China-Korea Workshop on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics

作者： Tae Il Kim joo hyung lee Soon Heung Chang KAIST 373-1 Guseong-dong Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-701

Studies regarding CHF enhancement using nanofluid have been conducted by many researchers. In the previous works, we can see that the CHF enhancement increased as the concentration of nanofluids increase to a certain level, and then the CHF enhancement saturated. The degree of the deposition of nanoparticles on the heater surface would be varied by the boiling time of nanofluids as well as the concentration of nanofluids. However, there was no study on the effect of boiling time of nanofluids on the CHF enhancement. In the present study, we conducted the flow boiling CHF experiments using nanofluids under different heating rate to examine the effect of boiling time on the CHF of nanofluids.. The CHF values of Al 2 O 3 nanofluid were decreased with reducing boiling time from 15minutes to 30seconds. This result showed that the CHF value of Al 2 O 3 nanofluid was affected by boiling time. From the relation between enhancement ratio and boiling time, we could conclude that the deposition effect of nanoparticle was saturated within relatively short boiling time （about 100seconds）. After the flow boiling CHF experiments, the inner surfaces of the test section tube were explored by FE-SEM.

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