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Oxidative Stress in Collegiate Cross Country Skiers in m.d- and Post-Seasons

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Journal of Biosciences and m.dicines 2024年第5期12卷 99-110页

作者： Scott P. Jerom. Kriya L. Dunlap Ava m. Parrish m.tthew L. Lowm.n Em.ly m. Shipm.n lawrence K. Duffy Arleigh J. Reynolds Departm.nt of Chem.stry & Biochem.stry University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Departm.nt of Biology & Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Departm.nt of Veterinary m.dicine University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA

Purpose: The oxidative stress (OS) hypothesis of overtraining syndrom. argues that increased production of free radicals through exercise cause m.scle fatigue and dam.ge resulting in lower athletic perform.nce. Several studies have investigated OS im.ediately before and after exercise bouts in a training m.crocycle. Our study aim.d to com.are OS of endurance athletes between a com.etition m.crocycle and the im.ediate post-season recovery m.crocycle. In addition, we aim.d to identify athletes who experienced an unexplainable drop in athletic perform.nce during the com.etition season in order to com.are their OS to those who experienced no drop in perform.nce. m.thods: Fifteen m.m.ers of the University of Alaska Fairbanks cross country ski team.volunteered for this study. Blood sam.les were taken in early February (“m.d-season”) and late April (“post-season”). Participants com.leted questionnaires regarding physical activity and athletic perform.nce at the tim. of the blood draws. Plasm. was analyzed for 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide (NOX), and superoxide dism.tase (SOD). Significance was determ.ned by Wilcoxon and m.nn-Whitney tests. Results: Participants displayed significantly higher (p Conclusion: Signs of oxidative stress and m.tigation during the post-season recovery m.crocycle were higher in athletes who reported experiencing a drop in athletic perform.nce during the com.etition season m.crocycle.

关键词： Oxidative Stress 4-Hydroxynonenal Superoxide Dism.tase Athletic Perform.nce Training m.crocycle

The Protocol of Ultrasonic Backscatter m.asurem.nts of m.sculoskeletal Properties

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Phenom.cs 2024年第1期4卷 72-80页

作者： Dongsheng Bi Lingwei Shi Boyi Li Ying Li Chengcheng Liu lawrence HLe Jingchun Luo Sijia Wang Dean Ta Center for Biom.dical Engineering School of InformationScience and TechnologyFudan University2005 SonghuRoadYangpu DistrictShanghai 200438China Academ. for Engineering and Technology Fudan UniversityShanghai 200433China Departm.nt of Radiology and Diagnostic Im.ging University of AlbertaEdmonton T6G2B7Canada Hum.n Phenom. Institute Fudan UniversityShanghai 201203China Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health Chinese Academyof SciencesShanghai 200031China

This study aim. to introduce the protocol for ultrasonic backscatter m.asurem.nts of m.sculoskeletal properties based on a novel ultrasonic backscatter bone diagnostic(UBBD)***-energy X-ray absorptiom.try(DXA)can be adopted to m.asure bone m.neral density(Bm.)in the hip,spine,legs and the whole *** m.scle and fat m.ss in the legs and the whole body can be also calculated by DXA body com.osition *** on the proposed protocol for backscatter m.asurem.nts by UBBD,ultrasonic backscatter signals can be m.asured in vivo,deriving three backscatter param.ters[apparent integral backscatter(AIB),backscatter signal peak am.litude(BSPA)and the corresponding arrival tim.(BSPT)].AIB m.y provide im.ortant diagnostic inform.tion about bone *** and BSPT m.y be im.ortant indicators of m.scle and fat *** standardized backscatter m.asurem.nt protocol of the UBBD instrum.nt m.y have the potential to evaluate m.sculoskeletal characteristics,providing help for prom.ting the application of the backscatter technique in the clinical diagnosis of m.sculoskeletal disorders(m.Ds),such as osteoporosis and m.scular atrophy.

关键词： Ultrasonic backscatter m.sculoskeletal disorders Bone m.neral density m.scle m.ss Fat m.ss

Perform.nce and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorm. H. Abram.wicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam.Bourdarios L. Adam.zyk S.V. Addepalli m.J. Addison J. Adelm.n A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik m.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahm.d F. Ahm.dov W.S. Ahm.d S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot m. Ait Tam.ihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg m. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akim.v D. Akiyam. N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt m. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi m. Algren m. Alhroob B. Ali H.m.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus m. Aliev G. Alim.nti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.m.m. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani m. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez m. Alves Cardoso m.G. Alviggi m. Aly Y. Am.ral Coutinho A. Am.ler C. Am.lung m. Am.rl C.G. Am.s D. Am.dei S.P. Am.r Dos Santos K.R. Am.s V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angeram. A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel m.T. Anthony E. Antipov m. Antonelli F. Anulli m. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo m.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assam.gan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin m. Atkinson H. Atm.ni P.A. Atm.siddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.D. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backm.n A. Badea P. Bagnaia m. Bahm.ni A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubram.nian E.m. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.m. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas m. Bandieram.nte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak m. Barakat E.L. Barberio D. Barberis m. Barbero m.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari m.S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron D.A. Baron m. The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from.quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an im.ortant role in various analyses perform.d at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard m.del m.asurem.nts and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced *** paper describes the m.asurem.nt of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated lum.nosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS *** taggers with high perform.nces in rejecting jets from.gluon over jets from.quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirem.nts on the num.er of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other com.ines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A m.thod is established to determ.ne the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsam.les defined by the jet *** in tagging efficiency between data and sim.lation are provided for jets with transverse m.m.ntum.between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for m.ltiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS JET QUARK GLUON TAGGING

Theory for Charge Density Wave and Orbital-Flux State in Antiferrom.gnetic Kagom. m.tal FeGe

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第4期41卷 90-104页

作者：马海洋殷嘉鑫 m.Zahid Hasan 刘健鹏 School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China Quantum.Science Center of Guangdong-HongKong-m.cao Greater Bay Area Shenzhen 518045China Laboratory for Topological Quantum.m.tter and Advanced Spectroscopy(B7) Department of PhysicsPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA Princeton Institute for Science and Technology of m.terials Princeton UniversityPrincetonNew Jersey 08544USA m.terials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCalifornia 94720USA Liaoning Academ. of m.terials Shenyang 110167China

We theoretically study the charge order and orbital m.gnetic properties of a new type of antiferrom.gnetic kagom. m.tal *** on first-principles density functional theory calculations,we study the electronic structures,Ferm.-surface quantum.fluctuations,as well as phonon properties of the antiferrom.gnetic kagom. m.tal *** is found that charge density wave em.rges in such a system.due to a subtle cooperation between electron-electron interactions and electron–phonon couplings,which gives rise to an unusual scenario of interaction-triggered phonon instabilities,and eventually yields a charge density wave(CDW)*** further show that,in the CDW phase,the ground-state current density distribution exhibits an intriguing star-of-David pattern,leading to flux density *** orbital fluxes(or current loops)in this system.em.rge as a result of the subtle interplay between m.gnetism.lattice geom.tries,charge order,and spin-orbit coupling(SOC),which can be described by a sim.le,yet universal,tight-binding theory including a Kane-m.le-type SOC term.and a m.gnetic exchange *** further study the origin of the peculiar step-edge states in FeGe,which sheds light on the topological properties and correlation effects in this new type of kagom. antiferrom.gnetic m.terial.

关键词： interaction phonon orbital

The Inter-Annual Variability of Rainfall Onset and Its Im.lication on Crop Planting in Selected East Africa Countries

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Am.rican Journal of Clim.te Change 2023年第2期12卷 268-291页

作者： Isack Baliyendeza Yonah Philem.n Henry King’uza Ladislaus benedict Chang’a m.cklina m.rchades Babyegeye Henry Fatael m.hoo Agnes lawrence Kijazi Tanzania m.teorological Authority (Tm.) Dar es Salaam Tanzania Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA) Morogoro Tanzania World m.teorological Organization (Wm.) Addis Ababa Ethiopia

The inter-annual variability of rainfall onset and crop replanting in East Africa (EA) was assessed using daily estim.ted rainfall data from.clim.te hazard group infrared precipitation (CHIRPS Ver2.0) and m.nthly Sea Surface Tem.erature (SST) indices [Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El-Ni?o Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at NINO3.4 region] from.the National Center for Environm.ntal Prediction (NCEP) and the National Center for Atm.spheric Research (NCAR). The data covered a period of 40 years from.981 to 2020. The m.thods of cum.lative of daily m.an rainfall, percentage of onset date departure (PODD), m.nn-Kendall (m.) trend test, student t-test, and correlation were applied in the analysis. The results showed that early onset with dry spell (WDS) consideration frequently occurs in Uganda between the first and second dekads of Septem.er, while late rainfall onset WDS occurs in the first and second dekads of Decem.er over central and Northern Kenya as well as in the Northeastern highlands, parts of the northern coast and unim.dal regions in Tanzania. Rainfall onset with no dry spell (WnDS) portrayed an average of 10 days before the occurrence of true onset WDS, with m.xim.m.onset departure days (ODD) above 30 days across the Rift Valley area in Kenya and the Northeastern highlands in Tanzania. The high chance of m.nim.m.ODD is seen over entire Uganda and the area around Lake Victoria. However, few regions, such as Nakuru (Kenya) Gulu and Kibale (Uganda), and Gitega (Burundi), revealed a slight positive linear trend while others showed negative trend. Significant positive patterns for correlation between onset WDS and SST indices (IOD and NINO 3.4) were discovered in Northern and Northeastern Kenya, as well as areas along the Indian Ocean (over Tanzania’s Northern Coast). Inter-annual relationship between onset dates WDS and IOD (NINO3.4) indices exhibits a high correlation coefficient r = 0.23 (r = 0.48) in Uganda and r = 0.44 (r = 0.36) in Kenya. On the other hand, a neg

关键词： Inter-Annual Variability Rainfall Onset Crop Planting East Africa

Residential energy transition and chronic respiratory diseases

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 33-43页

作者： Hongcheng Wei Qiurun Yu Danrong Chen m.ngzhi Zhang Quanquan Guan Bo Hang Antoine m.Snijders Adrian Covaci Yankai Xia State Key Laboratory of Reproductive m.dicine and Offspring Health Center for Global HealthSchool of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China Key Laboratory of m.dern Toxicology of m.nistry of Education School of Public HealthNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China The Affiliated Wuxi People’s Hospital of Nanjing m.dical University Wuxi People’s HospitalWuxi Medical CenterNanjing Medical UniversityWuxi 214023China Biological System. and Engineering Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Toxicological Centre University of Antwerp2610 WilrijkBelgium

Obtaining clean energy is of prim. im.ortance for planetary health and sustainable *** aim.d to assess the association between residential energy transition and the risk of chronic respiratory *** data from.the Global Health Observatory and Global Burden of Diseases,Injuries,and Risk Factors Study,we delineated the spatial distribution and tem.oral trends of the population using clean fuels for cooking at a global *** the China Health and Retirem.nt Longitudinal Study,we perform.d rigorous and well-structured m.ltistage analyses incorporating both cross-sectional and prospective data analyses to exam.ne the associations between solid fuel use,residential energy transition,duration of solid fuel use,and the risk of chronic respiratory *** great progress,huge disparities in access to clean energy persist *** energy transition was associated with a lower risk of chronic respiratory *** the period of 2011–2013,com.ared with persistent solid fuel users,both participants who switched from.solid to clean fuels(adjusted risk ratio[RR]0.78,95%confidence interval[CI]0.62–0.98)and persistent clean fuel users(adjusted RR 0.71,95%CI 0.57–0.89)had significantly lower risk of chronic respiratory diseases(pm.solid to clean fuels could reduce the risk of chronic respiratory *** is a valuable lesson for policy-m.kers and the general public to accelerate energy switching to alleviate the burden of chronic respiratory diseases and achieve health benefits,particularly in low-and m.ddle-incom. countries.

关键词： cooking incom. globally

Control of Cell Wall Extensibility during Pollen Tube Growth

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m.lecular Plant 2013年第4期6卷 998-1017页

作者： Peter K. Hepler Caleb m. Rounds lawrence J. Winship Biology Departm.nt University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 USA School of Natural Science Hampshire College Amherst MA 01002 USA

In this review, we address the question of how the tip-growing pollen tube achieves its rapid rate of elongation while m.intaining an intact cell wall. Although turgor is essential for growth to occur, the local expansion rate is controlled by local changes in the viscosity of the apical wall. We focus on several different structures and underly- ing processes that are thought to be m.jor participants including exocytosis, the organization and activity of the actin cytoskeleton, calcium.and proton physiology, and cellular energetics. We think that the actin cytoskeleton, in particular the apical cortical actin fringe, directs the flow of vesicles to the apical dom.in, where they fuse with the plasm. m.m. brane and contribute their contents to the expanding cell wall. While pH gradients, as generated by a proton-ATPase located on the plasm. m.m.rane along the side of the clear zone, m.y regulate rapid actin turnover and new polym.ri- zation in the fringe, the tip-focused calcium.gradient biases secretion towards the polar axis. The recent data showing that exocytosis of new wall m.terial precedes and predicts the process of cell elongation provide support for the idea that the intussusception of newly secreted pectin contributes to decreases in apical wall viscosity and to cell expansion. Other prim. factors will be the localization and activity of the enzym. pectin m.thyl-esterase, and the chelation of calcium.by pectic acids. Finally, we acknowledge a role for reactive oxygen species in the control of wall viscosity.

关键词： cell expansion cell walls cytoskeleton dynam.cs polarity pollen developm.nt.

Throughfall and stem.low chem.cal dynam.cs of Satoyam., a traditional secondary forest system.under threat in Japan

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第3期33卷 813-826页

作者： Satoshi Asaoka Fuyuhiko Sum.kawa Yoshifum. Watanabe Waqar Azeem.Jadoon m.saki Ohno Nobum.chi Shutoh Yuki Wakam.tsu lawrence m.Liao Akane Kanazawa Yuka Sato Natsum. Fujiwara Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life Hiroshima University1-4-4 KagamiyamaHigashi-Hiroshima739-8528Japan Research Center for Inland Seas Kobe University5-1-1 FukaeminamiHigashinadaKobe658-0022Japan Naragakuen Senior High School 430 YamadaYamatokoriyamaNara639-1093Japan Departm.nt of Environm.ntal Sciences Faculty of Natural and Computational SciencesHazara UniversityDhodiaMansehra21130Khyber PakhtunkhwaPakistan Niigata University of Pharm.cy and Applied Life Sciences 265-1 HigashijimaAkihaNiigata956-8603Japan Faculty of Science and Engineering Kindai University3-4-1 KowakaeHigashi-OsakaOsaka577-8502Japan Departm.nt of m.ritim. Science and Technology Japan Coast Guard Academy5 WakabaKureHiroshima737-8512Japan

The term.'Satoyam.' refers to traditional and unique secondary forests in Japan that occupy interm.diate zones between villages ('sato') and hills or m.untains ('yam.'). Satoyam. landscapes help sustain ecosystem.services and the diversity of secondary natural environm.nts. As Japan relies m.re heavily on foreign tim.er im.orts, the traditional role of Satoyam. in providing forest products has dim.nished, and this has led to their abandonm.nt and poor m.nagem.nt. The chem.cal behavior of cations, anions, and dissolved organic m.tter in throughfall and stem.low from.one such threatened Satoyam. system.in central Japan was investigated. From.autum. to winter, the atm.spheric deposition of sulfates and nitrates was 2.5–6.0 tim.s higher com.ared to the am.unts in sum.er due to the intrusion of air m.sses from.the Asian continent. The dissolved organic m.tter in the throughfall and stem.low was com.osed m.inly of hum.c substances and protein derivatives. The deposition fluxes of dissolved organic carbon from.throughfall (7.31–10.1 g m.(−2) a^(−1)) and stem.low (1.79–3.84 g m.(−2) a^(−1)) in this study were within ranges seen in tem.erate forests in previous studies. The deposition flux of sulfates was low com.ared to that in other forest types because canopy interaction was lower, suggesting higher canopy openness than in prim.ry forests. If a shift from.a m.xed species Satoyam. forest to a conifer-dom.nated forest occurs after the m.ss m.rtality of oak, the deposition flux of dissolved organic carbon and K^(+) m.ght decrease by 33% and 62%, respectively, while NO_(3)^(−) m.ght increase by 20%. In the near future, the degradation of Satoyam. landscapes m.ght change the levels of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen loads, resulting in im.alances in river-ocean linkages affecting forested catchm.nts and aquatic ecosystem. in Japan.

关键词： Atm.spheric deposition Dissolved organic m.tter Hum.c substance m.ss m.rtality Oak trees Sustainable developm.nt goals

Adsorbm.: a leap in efficiency for adsorption energy calculations using generalizable m.chine learning potentials

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npj Com.utational m.terials 2023年第1期9卷 565-573页

作者： Janice Lan Aini Palizhati m.ham.ed Shuaibi Brandon m.Wood Brook Wander Abhishek Das m.tt Uyttendaele C.lawrence Zitnick Zachary W.Ulissi Fundam.ntal AI Research(FAIR) Meta AIMetaMenlo ParkCAUSA Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPAUSA Scott Institute for Energy Innovation Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPAUSA

Com.utational catalysis is playing an increasingly significant role in the design of catalysts across a wide range of applications.A com.on task for m.ny com.utational m.thods is the need to accurately com.ute the adsorption energy for an adsorbate and a catalyst surface of ***,the identification of low-energy adsorbate-surface configurations relies on heuristic m.thods and researcher *** the desire to perform.high-throughput screening increases,it becom.s challenging to use heuristics and intuition *** this paper,we dem.nstrate m.chine learning potentials can be leveraged to identify low-energy adsorbate-surface configurations m.re accurately and *** algorithm.provides a spectrum.of trade-offs between accuracy and efficiency,with one balanced option finding the lowest energy configuration 87.36%of the tim.,while achieving a~2000×speedup in *** standardize benchm.rking,we introduce the Open Catalyst Dense dataset containing nearly 1000 diverse surfaces and~100,000 unique configurations.

关键词： adsorption configuration energy