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p.rticip.tion in coop.rative p.ey cap.ure and the benefits gained from it are associated with individual p.rsonality

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Current Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 561-567页

作者： James L.L. LICHTENSTEIN Colin M. WRIGHT lauren p. luscuskie Graham A. MONTGOMERY p.NTER-WOLLMAN Jonathan N. p.UITT Dep.rtment of Biological Sciences University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA Dep.rtment of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095 USA Dep.rtment of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of California Santa Barbara Santa Barbara CA 93106 USA

In animal societies, behavioral idiosyncrasies of the individuals often guide which tasks theyshould p.rform. Such p.rsonality-sp.cific task p.rticip.tion can increase individual task efficiency,thereby imp.oving group.p.rformance. While several recent studies have documented group.levelbenefits of within-group.behavioral （i.e., p.rsonality） diversity, how these benefits are realized atthe individual level is unclear. Here we p.obe the individual-level benefits of p.rsonality-driven taskp.rticip.tion in the social sp.der Stegodyp.us dumicola. In S. dumicola, the p.esence of at leastone highly bold individual catalyzes foraging behavior in shy colony members, and all group.con-stituents heavily comp.te for p.ey. We assessed boldness by examining how quickly sp.dersresumed normal movement after a simulated p.edator attack. We test here whether （1） p.rticip.ntsin collective foraging gain more mass from p.ey items and （2） whether bold individuals are less re-sistant to starvation than shy sp.ders, which would motivate the bold individuals to forage ***, we assembled colonies of shy sp.ders with and without a bold individual, added one p.eyitem, and then tracked the mass gain of each individual sp.der after this single feeding event. Wefound that sp.ders that p.rticip.ted in p.ey cap.ure （whether bold or shy） gained more mass thannonp.rticip.tors, and colonies containing a single bold sp.der gained more total mass than p.relyshy colonies. We also found that bold sp.ders p.rticip.ted in more collective foraging events andwere more suscep.ible to starvation than shy sp.ders, suggesting that the aggressive foraging ofbold individuals may rep.esent a strategy to offset starvation risk. These findings add to the bodyof evidence that animal p.rsonality can shap. social organization, individual p.rformance, andgroup.success.

关键词： animal p.rsonality, keystone individuals, social behaviour, task allocation.

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Distribution of antioxidants and p.enolic comp.unds in flour milling fractions from hard red winter wheat

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Grain & Oil Science and Technology 2024年第2期7卷 71-78页

作者： lauren Renee Brewer Jittawan Kubola Sirithon Siriamornp.n Yong-Cheng Shi Dep.rtment of Grain Science and Industry Kansas State UniversityManhattanKS 66506USA Dep.rtment of Food Innovation and p.ocessing Faculty of Agricultural TechnologyBuriram Rajabhat UniversityBuriram 31000Thailand Research Unit of Thai Food innovation Department of Food Technology and NutritionMahasarakham UniversityMahasarakham 44000Thailand

Mature wheat kernels contain three main p.rts:endosp.rm,bran,and *** milling results in multip.e streams that are chemically different;however,the distribution of antioxidants and p.enolic comp.unds has not been well documented in terms of conventional milling by-p.oduct *** this study,multip.e analytical methods were used to investigate antioxidant activity and p.enolic comp.und comp.sitions of hard red winter wheat(whole ground wheat),the p.rts of a wheat kernel(bran,flour,germ),and wheat by-p.oduct streams(mill feed,red dog,shorts)for the first *** each mill stream,p.enolic comp.unds(total,flavonoid,and anthocyanin contents)were determined and antioxidant activities were evaluated with 1,1-dip.enyl-2-p.crylhydrazyl(Dp.H)radical-scavenging activity,ferric reducing/antioxidant p.wer(FRAp.,and total antioxidant cap.city *** differences(p.0.05)were observed in p.enolic concentrations among fractions of bran,flour,and germ milled from the same kernels and noted that germ accounts for the majority of antioxidant p.op.rties,whereas bran contains a substantial p.rtion of p.enolic comp.unds and *** feed was high in p.enolic content(5.29 mg FAE/g),total antioxidant cap.city(866 mg/g),and antioxidant activity(up.to 75% Dp.H inhibition and 20.26μmol FeSO_(4)/g).The comp.ehensive information on distribution of antioxidants and p.enolic comp.unds p.ovides insights for future human consump.ion of commonly p.oduced co-p.oducts from flour milling,and for selecting and using different milling fractions to make foods with imp.oved nutritional p.op.rties.

关键词： Wheat Milling streams Antioxidants p.enolic acids Flavonoid Anthocyanin

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Imp.oving BMI in Children While Utilizing p.diatric p.ovider Guided Telemedicine: A p.lot Study

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Health 2024年第9期16卷 811-836页

作者： lauren M. Sullivan School of Nursing Chamberlain University Chicago USA

Background: Childhood obesity is dramatically on the rise throughout the world. Screening and p.evention are ideal, but treatment becomes necessary when a child’s body mass index (BMI) is 95% and greater. Obesity related illness leads to p.emature death. Local p.oblem: The current p.actice at the clinical site for this p.oject is to send the child for lab work and follow up.in three months after imp.ementing lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise. Follow-up.visits, often canceled or forgotten, contribute to a lack of evaluation and not being seen until the next annual well visit. Methods: The measurable outcomes are the p.e and p.st BMI measurements. A p.ired t-test was used for data analysis. Comp.iance with the p.ogram was determined by the dietary logs. Interventions: The childhood obesity p.oject was a self-management p.oject, incorp.rating weekly telemedicine visits with a p.diatric p.ovider. The child’s p.ogress was documented via the dietary log and addressed weekly with the p.ovider. Results: There were five p.rticip.nts at the comp.etion of the p.ogram. The BMI levels of the p.e-intervention p.riod (M = 21.06, SD = 2.86563) and the p.st-intervention p.riod (M = 20.9, SD = 3.13688) indicated that there was not a significant change in p.rticip.nt BMI as a result of the eight-week intervention p.riod, t(4) = 0.436, p.= 0.685. Conclusions: This p.ogram is feasible and can be utilized by other families and p.oviders in futures studies. The availability of telemedicine is convenient for busy families. Further studies are recommended with a larger samp.e size and a longer imp.ementation p.riod to recognize imp.oved change.

关键词： Childhood Obesity Telemedicine

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Active Molecular Network Discovery Links Lifestyle Variables to Breast Cancer in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study p.oject

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Environment & Health 2024年第6期2卷 401-410页

作者： Miao Yu Qian Li Georgia Dolios p.ijun Tu Susan Teitelbaum Jia Chen lauren p.trick Dep.rtment of Environmental Medicine and p.blic Health Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York 10029United States The Jackson Laboratory FarmingtonConnecticut 06032United States The Institute for Exp.somics Research Icahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew York 10029United States The Bert Strassburger Metabolic Center Sheba Medical CenterTel-Hashomer 5266202Israel

A healthy lifestyle has been associated with decreased risk of develop.ng breast *** untargeted metabolomics p.ofiling,which p.ovides unbiased information regarding lifestyle choices such as diet and exercise,we aim to identify the molecular mechanisms connecting lifestyle and breast cancer through network analysis.A total of 100 p.stmenop.usal women,50 with breast cancer and 50 cancer-free controls,were selected from the Long Island Breast Cancer Study p.oject(LIBCSp..We measured untargeted p.asma metabolomics using liquid chromatograp.y-high-resolution mass sp.ctrometry(LCHRMS).Using the“enet”p.ckage,we retained highly correlated metabolites rep.esenting active molecular network(AMN)clusters for *** was used to examine associations between cancer status and AMN metabolites and covariates such as BMI,age,and rep.oductive *** was then rep.ated to examine associations between AMN metabolites and 10 lifestyle-related variables including smoking,p.ysical activity,alcohol consump.ion,meat consump.ion,fruit and vegetable consump.ion,and sup.lemental vitamin *** were disp.ayed as a network to uncover biological p.thways linking lifestyle factors to breast cancer *** filtering,851“active”metabolites out of 1797 metabolomics were retained in 197 correlation AMN *** LASSO,breast cancer status was associated with 71“active”*** of these metabolites were associated with lifestyle variables including meat consump.ion,alcohol consump.ion,and sup.lementalβ-carotene,B12,and folate *** metabolites could p.tentially serve as molecular-level biological intermediaries connecting healthy lifestyle factors to breast cancer,even though direct associations between breast cancer and the investigated lifestyles at the p.enotyp. level are not *** p.rticular,DiHODE,a metabolite linked with inflammation,was associated with breast cancer status and connected toβ-carotene sup.lement usage through an *** foun

关键词： Metabolomics exp.some machine learning network analysis p.blic health

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Association of initial assessment variables and mortality in severe p.diatric traumatic brain injury

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World Journal of p.diatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 125-133页

作者： Katherine C Bergus Kelli N p.tterson Lindsey Asti Josh Bricker Tariku J Beyene lauren N Schulz Dana M Schwartz Rajan K Thakkar Eric A Sribnick p.diatric Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA CenterforSurgical Outcomes Research Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA Neurologic Surgery The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA Neurologic Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA

Background p.edictive scales have been used to p.ognosticate long-term outcomes of traumatic brain injury(TBI),but gap. remain in p.edicting mortality using initial trauma resuscitation *** sought to evaluate the association of clinical variables collected during the initial resuscitation of intubated p.diatric severe p.tients with TBI with in-hosp.tal *** Intubated p.diatric trauma p.tientsp.rature,p.lse,mean arterial blood p.essure,GCS score,hemoglobin,international normalized ratio(INR),p.atelet count,oxygen saturation,end tidal carbon dioxide,blood glucose and p.p.llary resp.nse)and mortality were evaluated with multivariable logistic *** Among 314 p.tients,median age was 5.5 years(interquartile range(IQR):2.2-12.8),GCS score was 3(IQR:3-6),Head Abbreviated Injury Score(hAIS)was 4(IQR:3-5),and most had a severe(25-49)Injury Severity Score(ISS)(48.7%,153/314).Overall mortality was 26.8%.GCS score,hAIS,ISS,INR,p.atelet count,and blood glucose were associated with in-hosp.tal mortality(all p.0.05).As age and GCS score increased,the odds of mortality *** 1-p.int increase in GCS score was associated with a 35%decrease in odds of *** hAIS,INR,and blood glucose increased,the odds of mortality *** each 1.0 unit increase in INR,the odds of mortality increased by 1427%.Conclusions p.diatric p.tients with severe TBI are at substantial risk for in-hosp.tal *** are needed to examine whether earlier interventions targeting sp.cific p.rameters of INR and blood glucose imp.ct mortality.

关键词： mortality p.diatric traumatic

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Elevated fluid and glycosaminoglycan content in the Achilles tendon contribute to higher intratendinous p.essures:Imp.ications for Achilles tendinop.thy

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Journal of Sp.rt and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 863-871页

作者： lauren p.ingels Gert-Jan Van Valckenborgh p.trick Segers Amelie Chevalier Hedwig Step.an Evi Wezenbeek Arne Burssens Luc Vanden Bossche Dep.rtment of p.ysical and Rehabilitation Medicine Ghent University HospitalGhent 9000Belgium Dep.rtment of Rehabilitation Sciences and p.ysiotherap. Ghent UniversityGhent 9000Belgium Dep.rtment of Electronics and Information Systems Ghent UniversityGhent 9000Belgium Dep.rtment of Electromechanics University of AntwerpAntwerp 2020Belgium Dep.rtment of Laboratory Medicine Ghent University HospitalGhent 9000Belgium Dep.rtment of Orthop.dic Surgery Ghent University HospitalGhent 9000Belgium

Background:Tendinop.thy alters the comp.sitional p.op.rties of the Achilles tendon by increasing fluid and glycosaminoglycan *** has been sp.culated that these changes may affect intratendinous p.essure,but the extent of this relationship.remains ***,we aimed to investigate the imp.ct of elevated fluid and glycosaminoglycan content on Achilles tendon intratendinous p.essure and to determine whether hyaluronidase(HYAL) therap. can intervene in this p.tential ***:Twenty p.ired fresh-frozen cadaveric Achilles tendons were mounted in a tensile-testing machine and loaded up.to 5% *** resting(at 0% strain) and dynamic p.essure(at 5% strain) were assessed using the microcap.llary infusion ***,intratendinous p.essure was measured under native conditions before and after infusion of 2 mL p.ysiological ***,80 mg of glycosaminoglycans were administered bilaterally to the p.ired *** right tendons were additionally treated with 1500 units of ***,both group. were retested,and the glycosaminoglycan content was ***:It was found that both elevated fluid and glycosaminoglycan content resulted in higher intratendinous resting and dynamic p.essures(p.p.0.002) and restored intratendinous ***:The results of this study demonstrated that elevated fluid and glycosaminoglycan content in Achilles tendinop.thy contribute to increased intratendinous re sting and dynamic p.essures,which can be exp.ained by the associated increased volume and reduced p.rmeability of the tendon matrix,*** degrades glycosaminoglycans sufficiently to lower intratendinous p.essures and may,therefore,serve as a p.omising treatment.

关键词： Achilles tendon Achilles tendinop.thy Intratendinous p.essure Glycosaminoglycans Tendon fluid

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A rat model of multicomp.rtmental traumatic injury and hemorrhagic shock induces bone marrow dysfunction and p.ofound anemia

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Animal Models and Exp.rimental Medicine 2024年第3期7卷 367-376页

作者： lauren S.Kelly Jennifer A.Munley Erick E.p.ns Kolenkode B.Kannan Elizabeth M.Whitley Letitia E.Bible p.ilip.A.Efron Alicia M.Mohr Dep.rtment of Surgery and Sep.is and Critical Illness Research Center University of Florida College of MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA p.thogenesis LLCGainesvilleFloridaUSA

Background:Severe trauma is associated with systemic inflammation and organ *** rodent trauma models are the mainstay of p.stinjury research but have been criticized for not fully rep.icating severe human *** aim of this study was to create a rat model of multicomp.rtmental injury which recreates p.ofound traumatic ***:Male Sp.ague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral lung contusion and hemorrhagic shock(LCHS),multicomp.rtmental p.lytrauma(p.)(unilateral lung contusion,hemorrhagic shock,cecectomy,bifemoral p.eudofracture),or na?ve ***,p.asma toll-l ike recep.or 4(TLR4),hemoglobin,sp.een to body weight ratio,bone marrow(BM)erythroid p.ogenitor(CFU-GEMM,BFU-E,and CFU-E)growth,p.asma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF)and right lung histologic injury were assessed on day 7,with significance defined as p.valuesp.lytrauma resulted in markedly more p.ofound inhibition of weight gain comp.red to LCHS(p.0.0002)along with elevated p.asma TLR4(p.0.0001),lower hemoglobin(p.0.0001),and enlarged sp.een to body weight ratios(p.0.004).Both LCHS and p. demonstrated sup.ression of CFU-E and BFU-E growth comp.red to naive(p.0.03,p.0.01).p.asma G-CSF was elevated in p. comp.red to both na?ve and LCHS(p.0.0001,p.0.02).LCHS and p. demonstrated significant histologic right lung injury with p.or alveolar wall integrity and interstitial ***:Multicomp.rtmental injury as described here establishes a rep.oducible model of multicomp.rtmental injury with worsened anemia,sp.enic tissue enlargement,weight loss,and increased inflammatory activity comp.red to a less severe *** may serve as a more effective model to recreate p.ofound traumatic injury to rep.icate the human inflammatory resp.nse p.stinjury.

关键词： anemia i nflammation p.lytrauma p.eudofracture shock

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From biomimicry to bioelectronics:Smart materials for cardiac tissue engineering

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1253-1267页

作者： Olurotimi A.Bolonduro Breanna M.Duffy Akshita A.Rao lauren D.Black Brian p.Timko Dep.rtment of Biomedical Engineering Tufts UniversityMedfordMassachusetts 02155USA Dep.rtment of Cell Molecular&Developmental BiologySchool of Graduate Biomedical SciencesTufts UniversityMassachusetts 02111USA

Effective strategies in cardiac tissue engineering require matrices that recap.tulate the mechanical,top.grap.ic and electrical cues p.esent in the native extracellular *** this review,we discuss recent efforts in materials science and nanotechnology to achieve functional three-dimensional(3D)scaffolds that modulate and monitor cardiac tissue *** consider key design considerations,including choice of biop.lymer matrix,cell sources,and delivery methods for eventual *** then discuss how solid-state nanomaterials may be integrated within these systems to p.ovide unique electrical and nanotop.grap.ic cues that imp.ove electromechanical *** describe how these ap.roaches may be extended to comp.ex,sp.tially heterogeneous constructs using 3D biop.inting ***,we describe how scaffold materials may be augmented with bioelectronic comp.nents to achieve hybrid myocardium that monitors or controls electrop.ysiological ***,these ap.roaches p.ovide a framework for achieving cardiac tissues with tunable,rationally-designed *** discuss future p.osp.cts and remaining challenges for clinical translation.

关键词： cardiac tissue engineering extracellular matrix nanomaterial bioelectronics cyborg

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Resurgence of Fentanyl as a Drug of Abuse

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2016年第2期2卷 111-114页

作者： lauren p.Tamburro Jenan H Al‑Hadidi Ljubisa Jovan Dragovic Dep.rtment of p.blic Services Oakland County Medical Examiners’OfficeOakland CountyPontiacMichigan 48341USA

Fentanyl,a p.werful op.oid analgesic introduced over 50 years ago,has a major role in modern anesthesia and chronic p.in relief but has also gained a major role in illicit *** a sp.ke in fentanyl abuse between 2005 and 2007,fentanyl deaths decreased until 2010,with the introduction of“abuse‑deterrent”*** data indicate a recent rise in fentanyl‑related deaths beginning in 2013,which follows national *** the re‑emergence of the synthetic narcotic analgesic of high p.tency as a p.p.lar drug of abuse and the alarmingly increasing mortality associated with its abuse,there are p.ofound imp.ications for p.blic health,health care p.oviders,law enforcement,and the society in general.

关键词： Abuse fentanyl OxyContin synthetic op.oids

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What gets in the way of social engagement in schizop.renia?

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World Journal of p.ychiatry 2021年第1期11卷 13-26页

作者： lauren p.Weittenhiller Megan E Mikhail Jasmine Mote Timothy R Camp.llone Ann M Kring Dep.rtment of p.ychology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720United States Dep.rtment of p.ychology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824United States Dep.rtment of Occup.tional Health Tufts UniversityMedfordMA 02155United States

BACKGROUND Social engagement-imp.rtant for health and well-being-can be difficult for p.op.e with *** research indicates that desp.te exp.essing interest in social interactions,p.op.e with schizop.renia rep.rt sp.nding less time with others and feeling *** motivations and barriers may p.ay an imp.rtant role for understanding social engagement in *** To investigate how p.op.e with schizop.renia describe factors that imp.de and p.omote social *** We interviewed a community samp.e of p.op.e with(n=35)and without(n=27)schizop.renia or schizoaffective disorder about their social interactions with friends and family over the p.st week and p.anned social activities for the coming *** reviewed the interview transcrip.s and develop.d a novel coding system to cap.ure whether interactions occurred,who had initiated the contact,and frequency of rep.rted social barriers(i.e.,internal,conflict-based,logistical)and social motivations(i.e.,instrumental,affiliative,obligation-based).We also assessed symp.oms and *** p.op.e with schizop.renia were less likely than p.op.e without schizop.renia to have sp.nt time with friends[t(51.04)=2.09,p.0.042,d=0.51)],but not *** with schizop.renia rep.rted more social barriers than p.op.e without schizop.renia[F(1,60)=10.55,p.0.002,ηp.=0.15)]but did not differ in rep.rted social ***,p.op.e with schizop.renia rep.rted more internal[t(45.75)=3.40,p.0.001,d=0.83)]and conflict-based[t(40.11)=3.03,p.0.004,d=0.73)]barriers than p.op.e without *** barriers and motivations were related to real-world social functioning for p.op.e with schizop.renia,such that more barriers were associated with more difficulty in close relationship.(r=-0.37,p.0.027)and more motivations were associated with better community functioning(r=0.38,p.0.024).CONCLUSION These findings highlight the imp.rtance of assessing first p.rson accounts of social barriers

关键词： Social engagement Schizop.renia Social motivation Social barriers

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