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The complexities of female mate choice and male polymorphisms： Elucidating the role of genetics, age, and mate-choice copying

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Current Zoology 2015年第6期61卷 1015-1035页

作者： Kasey d. FOWLER-FINN laura SULLIVAN-BECKERS Amy M. RUNCK Eileen A. HEBETS School of Biological Sciences University of Nebraska Lincoln NE 68508 USA

Genetic, life history, and environmental factors dictate patterns of variation in sexual traits within and across populations, and thus the action and outcome of sexual selection. This study explores patterns of inheritance, diet, age, and mate-choice copying on the expression of male sexual signals and associated female mate choice in a phenotypically diverse group of wolf spiders. Focal spiders exhibit one of two male phenotypes: 'ornamented' males possess large black brushes on their forelegs, and 'non-ornamented' males possess no brushes. Using a quantitative genetics breeding design in a mixed population of ornamented/non-ornamented males, we found a strong genetic basis to male phenotype and female choice. We also found that some ornamented males produced some sons with large brushes and others with barely visible brushes. Results of diet manipulations and behavioral mating trials showed no influence of diet on male phenotype or female mate choice. Age post maturation, however, influenced mate choice, with younger females being more likely to mate with ornamented males. A mate-choice copying experiment found that, following observations of another female's mate choice/copulation, virgin mature females tended to match the mate choice (ornamented vs. non-ornamented males) of the females they observed. Finally, analyses of genetic variation across phenotypically pure (only one male phenotype present) vs. mixed (both phenotypes present) populations revealed genetic distinction between phenotypes in phenotypically-pure populations, but no distinctionin phenotypically-mixed populations. The difference in patterns of genetic differentiation and mating across geographic locations suggests a complex network of factors contributing to the outcome of sexual selection.

关键词：数量遗传学基因多态性男性女性择偶年龄复杂性表型选择

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Follow-up after curative resection for gastric cancer: Is it time to tailor it?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第19期23卷 3379-3387页

作者： Paolo Aurello Niccolò Petrucciani laura Antolino diego Giulitti Francesco d'Angelo Giovanni Ramacciato division of General Surgery Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine UOC Chirurgia 3 Sapienza University St.Andrea Hospital division of digestive Surgery and Liver Transplantation Nice University Hospital

There is still no consensus on the follow-up frequency and regimen after curative resection for gastric ***,controversy exists regarding the utility of follow-up in improving survival,and the recommendations of experts and societies vary *** main reason to establish surveillance programs is to diagnose tumor recurrence or metachronous cancers early and to thereby provide prompt treatment and prolong *** the setting of gastric malignancies,other reasons have been put forth:(1)the detection of adverse effects of a previous surgery,such as malnutrition or digestive sequelae;(2)the collection of data;and(3)the identification of psychological and/or social problems and provision of appropriate support to the *** randomized controlled trials on the role of follow-up after curative resection of gastric carcinoma have been ***,the primary retrospective series and systematic reviews on this subject are analyzed and ***,the guidelines from international and national scientific societies are *** is recommended by the majority of institutions;however,there is no real evidence that follow-up can improve long-term survival *** studies have demonstrated that it is possible to stratify patients submitted to curative gastrectomy into different classes according to the risk of ***,promising studies have identified several molecular markers that are related to the risk of relapse and to *** on these premises,a promising strategy will be to tailor follow-up in relation to the patient and tumor characteristics,molecular marker status,and individual risk of recurrence.

关键词：胃的癌症后续外科胃的癌化疗监视复发标记成像

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In vitro Metabolomic Approaches to Investigating the Potential Biological Effects of Phenolic Compounds:An Update

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2017年第4期15卷 236-245页

作者： Ursula Catalan laura Barrubes Rosa Maria Vails Rosa Soila laura Rubio Functional Nutrition Oxidation and Cardiovascular Diseases Group(NFOC-Salut)Technological Center of Nutrition and Health(CTNS)lnstitut d'lnvestigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili(IISPV)Faculty of Medicine and ttealth SciencesUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReus 43201Spain Food Technology department Universitat de Lleida-AGROTECNIO CenterLleida 25198Spain

dietary phenolic compounds （PCs） have been receiving intercst lor their presumcd roles ill disease prevention. however, there is a lack of studies on the underlying molecular mechanisnls. In this regard, in vitro metabolomic approaches are suitable for the investigation o1 the molecular changes in response to PC exposure. Up to date, the biological effects of PCs have only been cxalnined for PCs from rosemary （Rosmarinus officinalis）, olive oil, and reSVCl-atrol using cell-based mctabolomic approach, although transcriptomic and/or proteomic studies have also been conducted in the same in vi[ro cell experiment in some cases. Our integral analysis of the reviewed studies suggest that PCs may be involved not only in basic cellular processes or macro-and micro-nutrient meta- bolism, but also in specific metabolic pathways that have been thoroughly investigated. These modulated pathways could have a clinical impact on neurodegenerativc diseases, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, the in vitro metabolomic approaches provide additional information of the molecular mechanisms involved in disease risk reduction of dietary PCs. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of action of PCs, more metabolomic cell-based studies are nccdcd and testing the physiological conjugated forms of PCs in these cell systems could be of special interest.

关键词： Cell-based Metabolomics Phenolic compounds Mechanism of action disease prevention

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Comparative Study of Alternative Permanent Magnet Linear Oscillating Actuators

Comparative Study of Alternative Permanent Magnet Linear Osc...

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第11届国际电机与系统学术会议

作者： d.howe department of Electronic ＆ Electrical Engineering University of Sheffield

＜正＞Single-phase permanent magnet（PM） linear oscillating actuators having alternative topologies are designed and analyzed by finite element analysis,with particular reference to a novel tubular E-core interior permanent magnet（IPM） oscillating *** electromagnetic performance is compared and relative merits are *** shows that the E-core actuators exhibit much less end flux leakage than the C-core actuators,and that the E-core IPM actuator is capable of producing equivalent peak force as the E-core Halbach surface PM actuator with nearly half the PM material used,while the mover structure is much simpler and easier to ***,the design parameters of the IPM actuator,*** magnet pole ratio and the split ratio,are optimized.

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Advanced Electrical Machines and Actuators for New and Emerging Applications

Advanced Electrical Machines and Actuators for New and Emerg...

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2005国际电机与系统学术会议

作者： d. howe department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of Sheffield Mappin StreetSheffieldS1 3JD

＜正＞There is a continual demand for advanced electrical machines and drives for wide-ranging applications in all market sectors. The motivation for their development varies considerably. however, common objectives are to improve efficiency, and, thereby, to conserve energy and reduce environmental pollution, increase power density, enhance functionality, and improve reliability and maintainability, whilst the adoption of ’more-electric’ technologies is also being driven by legislation, consumer expectations regarding performance and more fierce competition in the market place. The paper will review recent developments in electrical machines and actuators, facilitated by advances in magnetic materials, semiconductor switching devices, power electronic converters and control systems, by briefly describing some of the research activities which are being undertaken at the University of Sheffield, with particular emphasis on applications in the automotive and aerospace sectors. It will also highlight the fact that there remains considerable scope for design innovation. Many of the applications pose particularly severe challenges in terms of the thermal operating environment, the rotational speed and/or space envelope constraints, for example, whilst others are particularly challenging in terms of being highly cost-sensitive or safety critical.

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Mid-infrared Ⅲ-Ⅴ semiconductor lasers epitaxially grown on Si substrates

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第7期11卷 1366-1378页

作者： Eric Tournié laura Monge Bartolome Marta Rio Calvo Zeineb Loghmari daniel A.díaz-Thomas Roland Teissier Alexei N.Baranov Laurent Cerutti Jean-Baptiste Rodriguez IES University of MontpellierCNRS34000 MontpellierFrance

There is currently much activity toward the integration of mid-infrared semiconductor lasers on Si substrates for developing a variety of smart,compact,sensors based on Si-photonics integrated *** review this rapidly-evolving research field,focusing on the epitaxial integration of antimonide lasers,the only technology covering the whole mid-to-far-infrared spectral *** explain how a dedicated molecular-beam epitaxy strategy allows for achieving high-performance GaSb-based diode lasers,InAs/AlSb quantum cascade lasers,and InAs/GaInSb interband cascade lasers by direct growth on on-axis(001)Si substrates,whereas GaAs-on-Si or GaSb-on-Si layers grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy in large capability epitaxy tools are suitable templates for antimonide laser *** also show that etching the facets of antimonide lasers grown on Si is a viable approach in view of photonic integrated ***,this review shows that while diode lasers are sensitive to residual crystal defects,the quantum cascade and interband cascade lasers grown on Si exhibit performances comparable to those of similar devices grown on their native substrates,due to their particular band structures and radiative recombination *** device lifetimes have been extrapolated for interband cascade ***,routes to be further explored are also presented.

关键词： epitaxial quantum template

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Testosterone decreases adiponectin levels in female to male transsexuals

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2006年第6期8卷 725-729页

作者： Marta Berra Francesca Armillotta laura d'Emidio Antonietta Costantino Giuseppe Martorana Giuseppe Pelusi MariaCristina Meriggiola department of Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Urology S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital University of BolognaBologna 40138Italy

Aim： To evaluate the effect of testosterone （T） on adiponectin serum levels in transsexual female patients. Methods： We measured adiponectin, leptin, luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone, T, estradiol, lipid profile, biochemical parameters and body composition in 16 transsexual female patients at baseline and after 6 months of T treatment （100 mg Testoviron depot/10 days, i.m.）. Results： Adiponectin levels were 16.9 ± 7.3 mg/mL at baseline and 13.5 ± 7.4 mg/mL at month 6 of T treatment （P 〈 0.05）. Leptin and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased significantly, whereas body mass index, waist circumference and lean body mass increased significantly after 6 months of T treatment. No changes in insulin or Homeostasis Model Assessment were detected. Conclusion： T can significantly reduce adiponectin serum levels in transsexual female patients.

关键词： adiponectin testosterone transsexualism

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Paclobutrazol and Its Use in Fruit Production:A Review

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第1期91卷 1-12页

作者： laura Raquel Orozco-Meléndez Ofelia Adriana Hernández-Rodríguez Oscar Cruz-Álvarez Loreto Robles-Hernández Graciela dolores Avila-Quezada Esteban Sánchez Chavez damiánAarón Porras-Flores dámaris Leopoldina Ojeda-Barrios Facultad de Ciencias Agrotecnológicas Universidad Autónoma de ChihuahuaAvenida Pascual OrozcoChihuahua31350México Centro de Investigación y desarrollo A.C. DeliciasChihuahua33089México

There are documentary records referring to paclobutrazol(PBZ)as a growth bioregulator that inhibits the gibberellin synthesis and its application increases yields in fruit and vegetable crop *** agronomic management includes it as an emerging technology to reduce vigour,promote flower induction and flower development in fruit trees with increased economic *** use is banned in some countries because of concerns about residues that can cause harmful effects on the ***,the aim of this article was to collect,analyse and summarise relevant information on the use of PBZ in fruit tree production and its possible risks to the *** results obtained indicated that the application of PBZ can be effective in solving some problems related to flowering if it is applied in the right amount and at the right ***,it is necessary to elucidate the physiological processes with which it is associated and its response to be taken into account to increase *** is currently used in fruit trees such as mango,lime,apple and guava,increasing their ***,some studies have shown its residual effect on the ***,PBZ is a viable strategy,because it presents a series of advantages in the production of fruit ***,it is vital to generate protocols that seek its regulation with a rational and sustainable approach.

关键词： Environment flower induction gibberellin biosynthesis growth bioregulator vegetative growth

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The discovery and development of Boceprevir:A Novel, First-generation Inhibitor of the Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Serine Protease

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2013年第1期1卷 22-32页

作者： Anita Y. M. howe Srikanth Venkatraman Merck Sharp & dohme Corp. Whitehouse Station NJ USA

An estimated 2–3%of the world's population is infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), making it a major global health problem. Consequently, over the past 15 years, there has been a concerted effort to understand the pathophysiology of HCV infection and the molecular virology of replication, and to utilize this knowledge for the development of more effective treatments. The virally encoded non-structural serine pro-tease (NS3) is required to process the HCV polyprotein and release the individual proteins that form the viral RNA replication machinery. Given its critical role in the replication of HCV, the NS3 protease has been recognized as a potential drug target for the development of selective HCV therapies. In this review, we describe the key scientific discoveries that led to the approval of boceprevir, a first-generation, selective, small molecule inhibitor of the NS3 protease. We highlight the early studies that reported the crystal structure of the NS3 protease, its role in the processing of the HCV polyprotein, and the structural requirements critical for substrate clea-vage. We also consider the novel attributes of the NS3 protease-binding pocket that challenged development of small molecule inhibitors, and the studies that ultimately yielded milligram quantities of this enzyme in a soluble, tractable form suitable for inhibitor screening programs. Finally, we describe the discovery of boceprevir, from the early chemistry studies, through the development of high-throughput assays, to the phase Ⅲ clinical development program that ultimately provided the basis for approval of this drug. This latest phase in the development of boceprevir represents the culmination of a major global effort to under-stand the pathophysiology of HCV and develop small mole-cule inhibitors for the NS3 protease.

关键词： Biochemistry Synthesis Sustained virologic response

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Tree species richness enhances stand productivity while stand structure can have opposite effects, based on forest inventory data from Germany and the United States of America

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Forest Ecosystems 2018年第1期5卷 36-52页

作者： laura Zeller Jingjing Liang Hans Pretzsch Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan Technical University of MunichHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354 FreisingGermany division of Forestry and Natural Resources Davis College of AgricultureNatural Resources&DesignWest Virginia University340 Percival HallMorgantownWV 26506-6108USA

Background： in recent studies, mixed forests were found to be more productive than monocultures with everything else remaining the same. Methods： To find out if this productivity is caused by tree species richness, by a more heterogeneous stand structure or both, we analyzed the effects of forest structure and tree species richness on stand productivity, based on inventory data of temperate forests in the United States of America and Germany. Results： Having accounted for effects such as tree size and stand density, we found that：（I） tree species richness increased stand productivity in both countries while the effect of tree size heterogeneity on productivity was negative in Germany but positive in the USA; （11） productivity was highest at sites with an intermediate amount of precipitation; and （111） growth limitations due water scarcity or low temperature may enhance structural heterogeneity. Conclusions： In the context of forest ecosystem goods and services, as well as future sustainable forest resource management, the associated implications would be：

关键词： Big data Overyielding Tree size heterogeneity Tree species mixing Climate Biodiversity-productivityrelationship

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