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Constructing the barley model for genetic transformation in Triticeae

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第3期14卷 453-468页

作者： lü Bo wu Jia-jie FU Dao-lin State Key laboratory of Crop Biology/Shandong Key laboratory of Crop Biology Shandong Agricultural University

Barley（Hordeum vulgare l.） is one of the oldest domesticated crops, showing dramatic adaptation to various climate and environmental conditions. As a major cereal crop, barley ranks the 4th after wheat, maize and rice in terms of planting area and production all over the world. Due to its diploid nature, the cultivated barley is considered as an ideal model to study the polyploid wheat and other Triticeae species. Here, we reviewed the development, optimization, and application of transgenic approaches in barley. The most efficient and robust genetic transformation has been built on the Agrobacterium-mediated transfer in conjunction with the immature embryo-based regeneration. We then discussed future considerations of using more practical technologies in barley transformation, such as the T-DNA/transposon tagging and the genome editing. As a cereal crop amenable to genetic transformation, barley will serve as the most valuable carrier for global functional genomics in Triticeae and is becoming the most practical model for generating value-added products.

关键词： Agrobacterium-mediated transfer genetically modified organism Hordeum vulgare immature embryos

Wind speed scaling and the drag coefficient

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2005年第4期24卷 29-42页

作者： WEN Fan GAO Zhiyi wu Ziku lü Hongmin laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China

Wind speed scaling in similarity law in wind-generated waves and the drag coefficient are studied. In analyzing the data in the wind wave channel, it is found that the u＊ scaling greatly reduces the scatter in the U10 scaling. The u＊ scaling has much less scatter than the scaling using other wind speeds. The friction velocity seems to play a distinctive role in wave growth. The result is important in the applications of the similarity law and in wave modeling. In theory it gives an insight into the mechanism of wind wave interaction. It is found that wave steepness is important in influencing the drag coefficient. The variability of the coefficients in the currently widely used drag form can be explained by the differences in wave steepness in the observations. A drag coefficient model with wind speed and wave steepness as parameters is proposed. An explanation for Kahma＇s result that the u, scaling does not reduce the scatter in the U10 scaling is given.

关键词： friction velocity scaling scatter drag coefficient wave steepness

Biomaterials for refractive correction:corneal onlays and inlays

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Science China Chemistry 2014年第4期57卷 501-509页

作者： wu Jian FUNDERBURGH James l WAGNER William R McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine University of Pittsburgh Department of Surgery University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Bioengineering University of Pittsburgh

Corneal inlays and onlays represent a means of providing patients with permanent refractive error correction. As an alternative to conventional spectacles and contact lens, these techniques are less invasive compared with laser-based refractive surgery and are reversible. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the anatomic microstructure of the human cornea, indicating the primary physiological function for each component. Next, the wide range of biomaterials used as corneal inlays and onlays are considered, from synthetic polymers to biological components derived from the extracellular matrix. The limitations and challenges associated with the most common materials are discussed as is the need to improve their properties to achieve long-term, complication-free intraocular implantation. Finally, the prospect of applying tissue engineering strategies is noted for its potential to generate autologous corneal tissue that could be implanted as the optimal inlay or onlay materials.

关键词： refractive error onlays inlays synthetic polymer biological extracellular matrix refractive surgery

Tectonic Evolution of the Wanan Basin,Southwestern South China Sea

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2014年第4期88卷 1120-1130页

作者： lü Caili ZHANG Gongcheng YAO Yongjian wu Shiguo CNOOC Research Institute Postdoctoral research Center China University of Petroleum (Beijing) Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey Key laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Quantitative studies on the extension and subsidence of the Wanan Basin were carried out based on available seismic and borehole data together with regional geological data. Using balanced cross-section and backstripping techniques, we reconstructed the stratigraphic deposition and tectonic evolution histories of the basin. The basin formed from the Eocene and was generally in an extensional/transtensional state except for the late Miocene local compressoin. The major basin extension ocurred in the Oligocene and Early Miocene （before -16.3 Ma） and thereafter uniform stretch in a smaller rate. The northern and middle basin extended intensely earlier during 38.6-23.3 Ma, while the southern basin was mainly stretched during 23.3-16.3 Ma. The basin formation and development are related to alternating sinistral to dextral strike-slip motions along the Wanan Fault Zone. The dominant dynamics may be caused by the seafloor spreading of the South China Sea and the its peripheral plate interaction. The basin tectonic evolution is divided into five phases： initial rifting, main rifting, rift-drift transition, structural inversion, and thermal subsidence.

关键词： tectonic evolution stretch factor Wanan Basin South China Sea

Calculation of stratosphere–troposphere exchange in East Asia cut-off lows:cases from the lagrangian perspective

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science letters 2016年第1期9卷 31-37页

作者： wu Xue lü Da-Ren Key laboratory for Atmosphere and Global environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

In this study,the authors focus on the cut-off low pressure systems（COls）lingering over East Asia in late spring and early summer and quantify the two-way stratosphere–troposphere exchange（STE）by 3D trajectory integrations,achieved using a revised version of the UK Universities Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme Offline Trajectory Code（Version 3）.By selecting 10 typical COls and calculating the cross-tropopause air mass fluxes,it is found that stratosphere-to-troposphere transport（STT）fluxes exist in the center of COls;and in the periphery of the COl center,troposphereto-stratosphere transport（TST）fluxes and STT fluxes are distributed *** transport fluxes in COls are from stratosphere to troposphere,and the magnitude is about 10-4 kg m-2 *** ratio between the area-averaged STT and TST fluxes increases with increasing strength of the *** adopting appropriate residence time,the spurious transports are effectively ***,the authors compare the results with previous studies,and find that the cross-tropopause fluxes（CTFs）induced by COls are about one to two orders of magnitude larger than global *** play a significant role in local,rapid air mass exchanges,although they may only be responsible for a fraction of the total STE.

关键词： stratosphere–troposphere exchange cut-off low trajectory model

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Galvanized Steel/AA6061 Joints by laser Fusion Brazing Welding

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English letters) 2014年第4期27卷 670-676页

作者： Junxia l wuxiong Yang Shikai wu Xudong Zhao Rongshi Xiao Institute of laser Engineering Beijing University of Technology

laser fusion brazing welding was *** steel/AA6061 lapped joint was obtained by laser fusion brazing welding technique using the laser-induced aluminium molten pool spreading and wetting the solid steel *** joint interface was formed using the rectangular laser beam coupled with the synchronous powder *** result showed that the tiny structure with the composition of a-Al and Al–Si eutectic was formed in the weld close to the Al *** close to the steel side,a layer of compact Fe–Al–Si intermetallics,including the Al-rich FeAl3,Fe2Al5 phases and Al–Fe–Si s1 phase,was generated with the thickness of about 10–20 *** tensile shows the brittlefractured characteristic along to the seam/steel interface with the maximum yield strength of 152.5 MPa due to the existence of hardening phases s1 and Al–Fe intermetallics.

关键词： Galvanized steel Aluminium alloy laser welding Interface Microstructural characterization Mechanical property

Direct joining of oxygen-free copper and carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic by friction lap joining

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2018年第1期34卷 192-197页

作者： l.H. wu K. Nagatsuka K. Nakata Joining and Welding Research Institute Osaka University 11-1 Mihogaoka Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan

Oxygen-flee copper （Cu） was successfully joined to carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic （CFRTP, polyamide 6 with 20wt% carbon fiber addition） by friction lap joining （FlJ） at joining speeds of 200-1600 mm/min with a constant rotation rate of 1500 rpm and a nominal plunge depth of 0.9 ram. It is the first time to report the joining of CFRTP to Cu by FlJ. As the joining speed increased, the tensile shear force （TSF） of joints increased first, and decreased thereafter. The maximum TSF could reach 2.3 kN （ 15 mm in width）. Hydrogen bonding formed between the amide group of CFRTP and the thin Cu20 layer on the Cu surface, which mainly contributed to the joint bonding. The influence factors of the TSF of the joints at different joining speeds were discussed. The TSF was mainly affected by the joining area, the degradation of the plastic matrix and the number and the size of bubbles. As the joining speed increased, the influence factors varied as follows： the joining area increased first and then decreased; the degra- dation of the plastic matrix and the number and the size of bubbles decreased. The maximum TSF was the comprehensive result of the relatively large joining area, small degradation of the plastic matrix and small number and sizes of bubbles.

关键词： Friction lap joining Metal Plastic Carbon-fiber reinforced thermoplastic Dissimilar materials joining

De-emulsification of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol/water emulsion using oil-wet narrow channel combined with low-speed rotation

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第10期26卷 2048-2054页

作者： ling lü Kejing wu You Tang Siyang Tang Bin liang Multi-phases Mass Transfer and Reaction Engineering laboratory College of Chemical Engineering Sichuan University College of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Technology Southwest Petroleum University

low-speed rotation of disc in an internal circulation of a novel de-emulsification with rotation-dise horizental contactor(RHC-D) realized de-emulsification for O/W emulsions due to repeated coalescence in oil-wet narrow channels at a low rotation speed. For three emulsions included ethanol/water/2-ethyl-1-hexanol, ethanol/water/2-ethyl-1-hexanol/SDS(Sodium Dodecyl Sulfonate) and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol/water/SDS emulsion, deemulsification ratios of oil phase could reach 1, 1 and 0.67 respectively at 170 r·min-1, and de-emulsification ratios increased obviously after agitating 10 min. De-emulsification experiment in the seam indicated that oil droplet sizes in O/W emulsion became larger after de-emulsification. The main de-emulsification mechanism in RHCD was the coalescence of oil droplets in oil-wet narrow channels. With increase of the rotation speed, oil droplets dispersed better in the aqueous phase. However, de-emulsification effect enhanced due to the increase of the coalescence rate at a bit higher rotation speed. In addition, internal circulation made those O/W emulsions to be broken repeatedly, consequently de-emulsification ratio increased. Repeated de-emulsification through internal circulation might make continuous extraction of ethanol come true at a low rotation speed.

关键词： De-emulsification Oil-wet channel low rotation speed O/W emulsion Internal circulation

Mathematical modelling of axonal microtubule bundles under dynamic torsion

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2018年第6期39卷 829-844页

作者： J.Y.wu Hong YUAN l.Y.lI MOE Key laboratory of Disaster Forecast and Control in Engineering Institute of Applied MechanicsJinan University School of Engineering University of Plymouth

Owing to its viscoelastic nature, axon exhibits a stress rate-dependent me- chanical behavior. An extended tension-shear chain model with Kelvin-Voigt viscoelas- ticity is developed to illustrate the micromechanical behavior of the axon under dynamic torsional conditions. Theoretical closed-form expressions are derived to predict the de- formation, stress transfer, and failure mechanism between microtubule （MT） and tau protein while the axon is sheared dynamically. The results obtained from the present an- alytical solutions demonstrate how the MT-tau interface length, spacing between the tau proteins, and loading rate affect the mechanical properties of axon. Moreover, it is found that the MTs are more prone to rupture due to the contributions from the viscoelastic effects. Under the torsional force, the MTs are so long that the stress concentrates at the loaded end where axonal MTs will break. This MT-tau protein dynamics model can help to understand the underlying pathology and molecular mechanisms of axonal injury. Additionally, the emphasis of this paper is on the micromechanical behavior of axon, whereas this theoretical model can be equally applicable to other soft or hard tissues, owning the similar fibrous structure.

关键词： torsion biocomposite diffuse axonal injury (DAI) Kelvin-Voigt viscoelas-tic model dynamic response tension-shear chain model