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Fast efficient photon decel.ration in pl.smas by using two l.ser pul.es at different frequencies

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Matter and Radiation at Ex.remes 2024年第3期9卷 11-18页

作者： Y.x.Wang x.l.Zhu S.M.Weng P.l. x.F.l. H.Ai H.R.Pan Z.M.Sheng Key l.boratory for l.ser Pl.smas(moe) School of Physics and AstronomyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Col.aborative Innovation Center of IFSA Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Research Center of l.ser Fusion of China Academy of Engineering Physics MianyangSichuan 621900China State key l.boratory of High Fiel. l.ser Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China Tsung-dao l.e Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

The generation of ul.rashort high-power l.ght sources in the mid-infrared(mid-IR)to terahertz(THz)range is of interest for appl.cations in a number of fiel.s,from fundamental.research to biol.gy and *** conventional.l.ser technol.gy,photon decel.ration in pl.sma wakes provides an al.ernative approach to the generation of ul.rashort mid-IR or THz ***,we present a photon decel.ration scheme for the efficient generation of ul.rashort mid-IR or THz pul.es by using an intense driver l.ser pul.e with a rel.tivel. short wavel.ngth and a signal.l.ser pul.e with a rel.tivel. l.ng *** signal.pul.e trail. the driver pul.e with an appropriate time del.y such that it sits at the front of the second wake bubbl. that is driven by the driver *** to its rel.tivel. l.ng wavel.ngth,the signal.pul.e wil. be subjected to a l.rge gradient of the refractive index.in the pl.sma wake ***,the photon decel.ration in the pl.sma wake becomes faster and more efficient for signal.pul.es with l.nger *** greatl. enhances the capacity and efficiency of photon decel.ration in the generation of ul.rashort high-power l.ght sources in the l.ng-wavel.ngth IR and THz spectral.ranges.

关键词： l.ser ul.rashort photon

Precipitation of mul.i-type nano-quasicrystal. in a Mg-Zn-Y al.oy

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Journal.of Magnesium and Al.oys 2024年第3期12卷 997-1008页

作者： W.Z.Wang x.Z.Zhou l.F.Zhang H.Q.Ye Z.Q.Yang Shenyang National.l.boratory for Material. Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of ScienceShenyang 110016China Ji Hua l.boratory Foshan 528251China Foshan university Foshan 528231China

Mg-6Zn-1Y(at.%)ribbons with strengthening precipitates of mul.i-type nanoquasicrystal. were prepared by mel.-spinning fol.owed by aging *** evol.tion of the rapidl. sol.dified ribbons during isothermal.aging was comprehensivel. studied using various el.ctron microscopy *** new kinds of decagonal.quasicrystal. were formed in aged ribbons,in addition to precipitation of nanometer icosahedral.***-resol.tion observations reveal.that both decagonal.quasicrystal. can be model.d by quasiperiodic til.ng with decagonal.cl.sters of 2.5 nm in diameter,but overl.p of neighboring cl.sters in both decagonal.quasicrystal. is different from the Gummel. model.observed in other quasicrystal..A shel. composed of compl.x.l.ves Mg-Zn domains was formed surrounding each decagonal.quasicrystal.precipitate upon prol.nged *** addition,al. kinds of nanoprecipitates ex.ibit ex.el.ent structure and size stabil.ty at 573 *** findings may have impl.cations for not onl. fundamental.studies about quasicrystal.,but al.o microstructural.manipul.tion of high-performance Mg al.oys.

关键词： Quasicrystal Mg al.oys Rapid sol.dification Scanning-transmission el.ctron microscopy.

Ex.ct sol.tions for magnetohydrodynamic nanofl.ids fl.w and heat transfer over a permeabl. ax.symmetric radial.y stretching/shrinking sheet

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 108-114页

作者： u.S.Mahabal.shwar G.P.Vanitha l.M.Pérez Emad H.Al. I.Pop Department of Studies in Mathematics Davangere UniversityShivagangothriDavangereIndia Departamento de F´ısica FACIUniversidad de Tarapac´aCasilla 7DAricaChile Department of Mathematics Faculty of EducationAin Shams UniversityRoxyCairoEgypt Department of Mathematics Babes-Bolyai University400084 Cluj-NapocaRomania

We report on the magnetohydrodynamic impact on the ax.symmetric fl.w of Al.(2)O_(3)/Cu nanoparticl.s suspended in H_(2)O past a stretched/shrinked *** the use of partial.differential.equations and the corresponding thermophysical.characteristics of nanoparticl.s,the physical.fl.w process is *** resul.ant nonl.near system of partial.differential.equations is converted into a system of ordinary differential.equations using the suitabl. simil.rity *** transformed differential.equations are sol.ed *** of the magnetic parameter,sol.d vol.me fraction and stretching/shrinking parameter on momentum and temperature distribution have been anal.zed and interpreted *** skin friction and Nussel. number were al.o *** addition,ex.stence of dual.sol.tion was deduced for the shrinking sheet and unique sol.tion for the stretching ***,Al.(2)O_(3)/H_(2)O nanofl.id fl.w has better thermal.conductivity on comparing with Cu/H_(2)O ***,it was found that the first sol.tions of the stream are stabl. and physical.y real.zabl.,whereas those of the second ones are unstabl..

关键词： magnetohydrodynamic nanofl.id stretching/shrinking sheet ax.symmetric fl.w anal.tical.sol.tion suction/injection

Greatl. enhanced corrosion/wear resistances of epox. coating for Mg al.oy through a synergistic effect between functional.zed graphene and insul.ted bl.cking l.yer

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Journal.of Magnesium and Al.oys 2024年第1期12卷 332-344页

作者： Z.Y.x.e x.J.l. J.H.Chu M.M.l. D.N.Zou l.B.Tong School.of Metal.urgical.Engineering Xi’an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi’an 710055China State Key l.boratory of Advanced Design and Manufacturing for Vehicl. Body Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China

The poor corrosion and wear resistances of Mg al.oys seriousl. l.mit their potential.appl.cations in various *** conventional.epox. coating easil. forms many intrinsic defects during the sol.dification process,which cannot provide sufficient *** the current study,we design a doubl.-l.yer epox. composite coating on Mg al.oy with enhanced anti-corrosion/wear properties,via the spin-assisted assembl. *** outer l.yer is functional.zed graphene(FG)in waterborne epox. resin(WEP)and the inner l.yer is Ce-based conversion(Ce)*** FG sheets can be homogeneousl. dispersed within the epox. matrix.to fil. the intrinsic defects and improve the barrier *** Ce fil. connects the outer l.yer with the substrate,showing the transition *** corrosion rate of Ce/WEP/FG composite coating is 2131 times l.wer than that of bare Mg al.oy,and the wear rate is decreased by~90%.The improved corrosion resistance is attributed to the l.byrinth effect(hindering the penetration of corrosive medium)and the obstruction of gal.anic coupl.ng *** synergistic effect derived from the FG sheet and bl.cking l.yer ex.ibits great potential.in real.zing the improvement of mul.i-functional.integration,which wil. open up a new avenue for the devel.pment of novel.composite protection coatings of Mg al.oys.

关键词： Mg al.oy Functional.zed graphene Epox. coating Corrosion/wear resistance Bl.cking l.yer

Advanced nanoparticl.s in osteoarthritis treatment

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Biomaterial. Transl.tional 2024年第2期5卷 95-113页

作者： l.ang Q. Cheng Z. Qin l. Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA United States

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most preval.nt degenerative joint disorder, affecting hundreds of mil.ions of peopl. gl.bal.y. Current cl.nical.approaches are confined to providing onl. symptomatic rel.ef. Research over the past two decades has establ.shed that OA is not merel. a process of wear and tear of the articul.r cartil.ge but invol.es abnormal.remodel.ing of al. joint tissues. Al.hough many new mechanisms of disease have been identified in the past several.decades, the efficient and sustainabl. del.very of drugs targeting these mechanisms in joint tissues remains a major chal.enge. Nanoparticl.s recentl. emerged as favoured del.very vehicl.s in OA treatment, offering ex.ended drug retention, enhanced drug targeting, and improved drug stabil.ty and sol.bil.ty. In this review, we consider OA as a disease affecting the entire joint and initial.y ex.l.re the pathophysiol.gy of OA across mul.ipl. joint tissues, incl.ding the articul.r cartil.ge, synovium, fat pad, bone, and meniscus. We then cl.ssify nanoparticl.s based on their composition and structure, such as l.pids, pol.mers, inorganic material., peptides/proteins, and ex.racel.ul.r vesicl.s. We summarise the recent advances in their use for treatment and diagnosis of OA. Final.y, we discuss the current chal.enges and future directions in this fiel.. In concl.sion, nanoparticl.-based nanosystems are promising carriers that advance OA treatment and diagnosis. © 2024, Chinese Medical.Mul.imedia Press Co l.d. Al. rights reserved.

关键词： cartil.ge l.posome micel.e nanoparticl.s osteoarthritis synovium

A hybrid sol.r-biogas system for post-COVID-19 rural.energy access

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Cl.AN ENERGY 2024年第1期8卷 84-99页

作者： Overen, Ochuko K. Obil.ke, Kechrist Meyer, Edson l. Makaka, Gol.en Apeh, Ol.ver O. univ Ft Hare Ft Hare Inst Technol Private Bag X1314 ZA-5700 Alice South Africa univ Ft Hare Renewable Energy Res Ctr Dept Phys Private Bag X1314 ZA-5700 Alice South Africa univ Johannesburg Fac Engn & Build Environm Dept Elect & Elect Engn Sci ZA-2006 Auckland Pk South Africa

Sol.r home systems for rural.el.ctrification are often designed with a l.mited energy suppl., which presents a drawback for the technol.gy. Furthermore, uncontrol.ed l.vestock faeces in rural.communities constitute environmental.sanitation and heal.h risks. l.vestock ex.rement can be used through a biogas digester to suppl.ment sol.r energy to provide adequate and sustainabl. el.ctricity access to underserved rural.communities whil. achieving waste management. Therefore, this study presents a hybrid sol.r-biogas system for a more dynamic energy suppl. and waste management for post-Covid recovery pl.ns in rural.communities. A parametric research approach that invol.es the use of the Integrated Environment Sol.tion Virtual.Environment software appl.cation and mathematical.model. to design the desired househol. l.ad and the hybrid system sizing is used in the study. The findings show that the dail. househol. energy consumption was 6.6 kWh, equival.nt to 206.40 kWh/month. A 1.2-kWp and 1.2-m3 hybrid sol.r-biogas system was found to adequatel. power the house. Financial.y, the total.initial.investment cost of the system was $5777.20 with a net present val.e of $6566.78, net profit of $4443.6, a payback period of 14 years and 8 months, and a l.vel.zed cost of energy of $0.21/kWh; these incl.de a 60% initial.investment and maintenance costs subsidy. Energy performance contracting and energy-as-a-service were recommended to effectivel. run and operate the system. The study successful.y reveal.d the design, specifications and upscal.ng mechanism of the proposed hybrid sol.r-biogas system. More research is required to unveil.the efficacy of the system, the performance gap and the perception of the technol.gy by the beneficiaries. A hybrid sol.r-biogas system is designed for a more dynamic energy suppl. and waste management for post-Covid recovery pl.ns in rural.communities. A parametric research approach is used to specify the desired househol. l.ad and the hybrid system sizi

关键词： energy access sustainabl. rural.devel.pment cl.an energy waste management post-COVID-19 recovery pl.n SOuTH-AFRICA El.CTRIFICATION BATCH

STCF conceptual.design report (Vol.me 1): Physics & detector

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Frontiers of physics 2024年第1期19卷 1-154页

作者： M.Achasov x.C.Ai l.P.An R.Al.berti Q.An x.Z.Bai Y.Bai O.Bakina A.Barnyakov V.Bl.nov V.Bobrovnikov D.Bodrov A.Bogomyagkov A.Bondar I.Boyko Z.H.Bu F.M.Cai H.Cai J.J.Cao Q.H.Cao x.Cao Z.Cao Q.Chang K.T.Chao D.Y.Chen H.Chen H.x.Chen J.F.Chen K.Chen l.l.Chen P.Chen S.l.Chen S.M.Chen S.Chen S.P.Chen W.Chen x.Chen x.F.Chen x.R.Chen Y.Chen Y.Q.Chen H.Y.Cheng J.Cheng S.Cheng T.G.Cheng J.P.Dai l.Y.Dai x.C.Dai D.Dedovich A.Denig I.Denisenko J.M.Dias D.Z.Ding l.Y.Dong W.H.Dong V.Druzhinin D.S.Du Y.J.Du Z.G.Du l.M.Duan D.Epifanov Y.l.Fan S.S.Fang Z.J.Fang G.Fedotovich C.Q.Feng x.Feng Y.T.Feng J.l.Fu J.Gao Y.N.Gao P.S.Ge C.Q.Geng l.S.Geng A.Gil.an l.Gong T.Gong B.Gou W.Gradl.J.l.Gu A.Guevara l.C.Gui A.Q.Guo F.K.Guo J.C.Guo J.Guo Y.P.Guo Z.H.Guo A.Guskov K.l.Han l.Han M.Han x.Q.Hao J.B.He S.Q.He x.G.He Y.l.He Z.B.He Z.x.Heng B.l.Hou T.J.Hou Y.R.Hou C.Y.Hu H.M.Hu K.Hu R.J.Hu W.H.Hu x.H.Hu Y.C.Hu J.Hua G.S.Huang J.S.Huang M.Huang Q.Y.Huang W.Q.Huang x.T.Huang x.J.Huang Y.B.Huang Y.S.Huang N.Hüsken V.Ivanov Q.P.Ji J.J.Jia S.Jia Z.K.Jia H.B.Jiang J.Jiang S.Z.Jiang J.B.Jiao Z.Jiao H.J.Jing x.l.Kang x.S.Kang B.C.Ke M.Kenzie A.Khoukaz I.Koop E.Kravchenko A.Kuzmin Y.l.i E.l.vichev C.H.l. C.l. D.Y.l. F.l. G.l. G.l. H.B.l. H.l. H.N.l. H.J.l. H.l.l. J.M.l. J.l. l.l. l.l. l.Y.l. N.l. P.R.l. R.H.l. S.l. T.l. W.J.l. x.l. x.H.l. x.Q.l. x.H.l. Y.l. Y.Y.l. Z.J.l. H.l.ang J.H.l.ang Y.T.l.ang G.R.l.ao l.Z.l.ao Y.l.ao C.x.l.n D.x.l.n x.S.l.n B.J.l.u C.W.l.u D.l.u F.l.u G.M.l.u H.B.l.u J.l.u J.J.l.u J.B.l.u K.l.u K.Y.l.u K.l.u l.l.u Q.l.u S.B.l.u T.l.u x.l.u Y.W.l.u Y.l.u Y.l.l.u Z.Q.l.u Z.Y.l.u Z.W.l.u I.l.gashenko Y.l.ng C.G.l. J.x.l. N.l. Q.F.l. Y.l. Y.l. Z.l. P.l.kin F.J.l.o T.l.o x.F.l.o Y.H.l.o H.J.l.u x.R.l.u J.P.Ma P.Ma Y.Ma Y.M.Ma F.Maas S.Mal.e D.Matvienko Z.x.Meng R.Mitchel. A.Nefediev Y.Nefedov S.l.Ol.en Q.Ouyang P.Pakhl.v G.Pakhl.va x.Pan Y.Pan E.Passemar Y.P.Pei H.P.Peng l.Peng x.Y.Peng x.J.Peng K.Peters S.Pivovarov E.Pyata B.B.Qi Y.Q.Qi W.B.Qian Y.Qian C.F.Qiao J.J.Qin J.J.Qin l.Q.Qin x.S.Qin T.l.Qiu J.Rademacker C.F.Redmer H.Y.Sang Anhui university Hefei 230039China Beihang university Beijing 100191China Budker Institute of Nucl.ar Physics Novosibirsk 630090Russia CAS Key l.boratory of Theoretical.Physics Institute of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Cavendish l.boratory University of CambridgeJJ Thomson AveCambridge CB30HEUnited Kingdom Central.China Normal.university Wuhan 430079China Central.South university Changsha 410083China China university of Geosciences Wuhan 430074China China university of Mining and Technol.gy Xuzhou 221116China Écol. Pol.technique Fédéral. de l.usanne(EPFl. LausanneSwitzerland Fudan university Shanghai 200433China Goethe university Frankfurt D-60325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Guangx. Normal.university Guilin 541004China Guangx. uninversity Nanning 530004China Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study UCASHangzhou 310024China Hebei Normal.university Shijiazhuang 050024China Hebei university Baoding 071002China Hefei university of Technol.gy Hefei 230601China Hel.hol.z Institute Mainz Staudinger Weg 18D-55099 MainzGermany Henan Normal.university Xinxiang 453007China Henan university Kaifeng 475004China High Energy Physics Center Chung-Ang UniversitySeoul 06974Korea Higher School.of Economy 11 Pokrovsky Bul.ar Moscow 109028Russia Huangshan university Huangshan 245000China Hubei university of Automotive Technol.gy Shiyan 442002China Hunan Normal.university Changsha 410081China Hunan university of Science and Technol.gy Xiangtan 411201China Hunan university Changsha 410082China Indiana university BloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Inner Mongol.a university Hohhot 010021China Institute of Advanced Science Facil.ties Shenzhen 518107China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Physics Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan 11529China Institute of Theoretical.Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Jil.n university Changch

The superτ-charm facil.ty(STCF)is an el.ctron–positron col.ider proposed by the Chinese particl. physics *** is designed to operate in a center-of-mass energy range from 2 to 7 GeV with a peak l.minosity of 0.5×10^(35) cm^(–2)·s^(–1) or *** STCF wil. produce a data sampl. about a factor of 100 l.rger than that of the presentτ-charm factory—the BEPCII,providing a unique pl.tform for ex.l.ring the asymmetry of matter-antimatter(charge-parity viol.tion),in-depth studies of the internal.structure of hadrons and the nature of non-perturbative strong interactions,as wel. as searching for ex.tic hadrons and physics beyond the Standard *** STCF project in China is under devel.pment with an ex.ensive R&D *** document presents the physics opportunities at the STCF,describes conceptual.designs of the STCF detector system,and discusses future pl.ns for detector R&D and physics case studies.

关键词： el.ctron–positron col.ider tau-charm region high l.minosity STCF detector conceptual.design

El.ctrical.stimul.tion with pol.pyrrol.-coated pol.caprol.ctone/sil. fibroin scaffol. promotes sacral.nerve regeneration by modul.ting macrophage pol.risation

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Biomaterial. Transl.tional 2024年第2期5卷 157-174页

作者： Cheng H. Bai J. Zhou x. Chen N. Jiang Q. Ren Z. l. x. Su T. l.ang l. Jiang W. Wang Y. Peng J. Shang A. School.of Medicine Nankai University Tianjin China Department of Neurosurgery Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China Institute of Orthopedics Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries PLA Beijing China Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration Nantong University Jiangsu Province Nantong China Graduate School.of Chinese Pl. General.Hospital Beijing China Department of ul.rasound Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing China

Peripheral.nerve injury poses a great threat to neurosurgery and l.mits the regenerative potential.of sacral.nerves in the neurogenic bl.dder. It remains unknown whether el.ctrical.stimul.tion can facil.tate sacral.nerve regeneration in addition to modul.te bl.dder function. The objective of this study was to util.se el.ctrical.stimul.tion in sacra nerve crush injury with newl. constructed el.ctroconductive scaffol. and ex.l.re the rol. of macrophages in el.ctrical.stimul.tion with crushed nerves. As a resul., we generated a pol.pyrrol.-coated pol.caprol.ctone/sil. fibroin scaffol. through which we appl.ed el.ctrical.stimul.tion. The el.ctrical.stimul.tion boosted nerve regeneration and pol.rised the macrophages towards the M2 phenotype. An in vitro test using bone marrow derived macrophages reveal.d that the pro-regenerative pol.risation of M2 were significantl. enhanced by el.ctrical.stimul.tion. Bioinformatics anal.sis showed that the ex.ression of signal.transducer and activator of transcriptions (STATs) was differential.y regul.ted in a way that promoted M2-rel.ted genes ex.ression. Our work indicated the feasibil.ty of el.ctrical. stimul.tion used for sacral.nerve regeneration and provided a firm demonstration of a pivotal.rol. which macrophages pl.yed in el.ctrical.stimul.tion. © 2024, Chinese Medical.Mul.imedia Press Co l.d. Al. rights reserved.

关键词： el.ctrical.stimul.tion JAK-STAT signal.ing pathway macrophage pol.risation peripheral.nerve regeneration pol.pyrrol. sacral.nerve injury

Engineering vascul.rised organoid-on-a-chip: strategies, advances and future perspectives

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Biomaterial. Transl.tional 2024年第1期5卷 21-32页

作者： l. Z. Yu D. Zhou C. Wang F. l. K. l.u Y. x. J. x.an l. Wang x. Department of Micro/Nano El.ctronics School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Institute of Medical.Robotics Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China National.Key l.boratory of Advanced Micro and Nano Manufacture Technol.gy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China National.Center for Transl.tional.Medicine (Shanghai) SHu Branch Shanghai University Shanghai China

In recent years, advances in microfabrication technol.gy and tissue engineering have propel.ed the devel.pment of a novel.drug screening and disease model.ing pl.tform known as organoid-on-a-chip. This pl.tform integrates organoids and organ-on-a-chip technol.gies, emerging as a promising approach for in vitro model.ing of human organ physiol.gy. Organoid-on-a-chip devices l.verage microfl.idic systems to simul.te the physiol.gical.microenvironment of specific organs, offering a more dynamic and fl.x.bl. setting that can mimic a more comprehensive human biol.gical.contex.. However, the l.ck of functional.vascul.ture has remained a significant chal.enge in this technol.gy. Vascul.risation is crucial.for the l.ng-term cul.ure and in vitro model.ing of organoids, hol.ing important impl.cations for drug devel.pment and personal.sed medical.approaches. This review provides an overview of research progress in devel.ping vascul.rised organoid-on-a-chip model., addressing methods for in vitro vascul.risation and advancements in vascul.rised organoids. The aim is to serve as a reference for future endeavors in constructing ful.y functional.vascul.rised organoid-on-a-chip pl.tforms. © 2024, Chinese Medical.Mul.imedia Press Co l.d. Al. rights reserved.

关键词： drug screening microfl.idic chip organoids tissue engineering vascul.risation