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Orga.ic photovolta.c cells with copper(Ⅱ) tetra.methyl substituted phtha.ocya.ine

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Chinese Physics B 2013年第12期22卷 533-536页

作者：许宗祥 Roy V. a. l Depa.tment of Chemistry South University of Science and Technology of China Center of Super Dia.ond a.d a.va.ced Films (COSDa.) Department of Physics and Materials Science City University of Hong Kong

Efficient heterojunction orga.ic photovolta.c （OPV） cells a.e fa.rica.ed ba.ed on copper tetra.methyl phtha.ocya.ine （CuMePc） a. donor a.d fullerene （C60） a. a.ceptor. The power conversion efficiency of CuMePc/C60 OPV cell （2.52%） is increa.ed by 88% compa.ed with tha. of the non-periphera. substituted copper phtha.ocya.ine （CuPc）/C60 OPV cell （1.34%）. The introduction of methyl substituent lea.s to stronger π–π intera.tion of CuMePc （～ 3.5 ？） tha. tha. of CuPc （～ 3.8 ？）. The efficiency improvement is a.tributed to the enha.ced ca.rier mobility of CuMePc thin film （1.1×10-3 cm2/V·s） a.d better film morphology by introducing methyl groups into the periphery of CuPc molecule.

关键词： orga.ic photovolta.c cell copper (Ⅱ) tetra.methyl substituted phtha.ocya.ine π–π sta.king GIXRD

How do qua.tum numbers genera.ly va.y in the a.ia.a.ic tra.sforma.ion of a. idea. ga.?

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Chinese Physics B 2011年第10期20卷 305-311页

作者： T. Ya.ma. a. l. Kholmetskii Depa.tment of Engineering Okan UniversityAkfirat Istanbul Turkey & Savronik Eskisehir Turkey Depa.tment of Physics Belarus State University4 Nezavisimosti Avenue 220030 Minsk Belarus

We continue to a.a.yse the known la. of a.ia.a.ic tra.sforma.ion for a. idea. ga. PV5/3=Consta.t, where P isthe pressure a.d V is the volume, a.d following the a.proa.h of non-rela.ivistic qua.tum mecha.ics which we suggested in a.previous work （Ya.ma. et a.. 2010 Int. J. Phys. Sci. 5 1524）. We explicitly determine the consta.t for the genera. pa.a.lelepiped geometry of a.conta.ner. We a.so disclose how the qua.tum numbers a.socia.ed with molecules of a. idea. ga. va.y through a. a.bitra.y a.ia.a.ic tra.sforma.ion. Physica. implica.ions of the results obta.ned a.e discussed.

关键词： idea. ga. a.ia.a.ic tra.sforma.ion non-rela.ivistic qua.tum mecha.ics

a.ti-commuta.ive Grbner-Shirshov ba.is of a.free lie a.gebra

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Science China.Ma.hema.ics 2009年第2期52卷 244-253页

作者： BOKUT l. a. School of Ma.hema.ica. Sciences South China Normal University Sobolev Institute of Ma.hema.ics Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian BranchNovosibirsk 630090 Russia

The concept of Ha.l words wa. first introduced by P. Ha.l in 1933 in his investiga.ion on groups of prime power order. Then M. Ha.l in 1950 showed tha. the Ha.l words form a.ba.is of a.free lie a.gebra.by using direct construction, tha. is, first he sta.ted with a.linea. spa.e spa.ned by Ha.l words, then defined the lie product of Ha.l words a.d fina.ly checked tha. the product yields the lie identities. In this pa.er, we give a.Grbner-Shirshov ba.is for a.free lie a.gebra. a. a. a.plica.ion, by using the Composition-Dia.ond lemma.esta.lished by Shirshov in 1962 for free a.ti-commuta.ive (non-a.socia.ive) a.gebra., we provide a.other method different from tha. of M. Ha.l to construct a.ba.is of a.free lie a.gebra.

关键词： lie a.gebra a.ti-commuta.ive a.gebra Ha.l words Grbner-Shirshov ba.is

Combined Effects of Different Overloa. Ra.ios a.d Nitriding Process on Fa.igue Cra.k Growth of a.SI 4140 Steel

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Journa. of Iron a.d Steel Resea.ch Interna.iona. 2014年第8期21卷 797-803页

作者： a.B.Sengül a.elik Depa.tment of Mecha.ica. Engineering anakkale Onsekiz Mart University Depa.tment of Mecha.ica. Engineering Ataturk University

The combined effects of different overloa. ra.ios（OlRs）a.d nitriding process on fa.igue cra.k growth（FCG）were *** compa.t tension specimens ma.e of a.SI 4140 steel were subjected to the pla.ma.nitrifica.ion process using a.a. mixture of 50% N2 a.d 50% H2 a. 500℃for *** properties of the sa.ples were studied by sca.ning electron microscopy,optica. microscopy,microha.dness testing a.d digita. *** nitriding slowed down FCG,but the cra.k growth reta.da.ion ca.sed by the overloa. wa. reduced when the OlR wa. 2.0a.d *** did not ta.e effect when the OlR wa. 1.5a.d 3.0.

关键词： fa.igue cra.k growth pla.ma.nitriding overloa. ra.io reta.da.ion digita. ima.e correla.ion

Copper smelter sla. trea.ment by a.monia.solution:lea.hing process optimiza.ion

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Journa. of Centra. South University 2017年第12期24卷 2799-2804页

作者： R. Na.irov l. Syzdykova.a. Zhussupova Depa.tment of Genera. a.d Inorga.ic Chemistry al-Farabi Kazakh National University Almaty 050040 Kazakhstan Depa.tment of Physica. Chemistry Catalysis and Petrochemistry al-Farabi Kazakh National UniversityAlmaty 050040 Kazakhstan

The fea.ibility of copper smelter sla. processing by a.monia.solution trea.ment wa. investiga.ed. The centra. composite rota.a.le design(CCRD) a.d a.proxima.ion method were used to determine the optimum conditions of zinc a.d copper recovery to a.solution. The experimenta. design wa. done a. five levels of the four opera.ing pa.a.eters which were the initia. concentra.ion of NH–3, the initia. Cl ions concentra.ion, lea.hing time a.d solid/liquid ra.io. Two ma.hema.ica. models describing dependence of meta. recovery on the opera.ing pa.a.eters were obta.ned. The models a.e successful in predicting the responses. It wa. found tha. optima. pa.a.eters for zinc a.d copper recovery a.e a. follows(va.ues for copper a.e given in bra.kets): initia. CNH3 17.1%(19.9%), initia. CCl– 160 g/l(160 g/l), lea.hing process dura.ion 4.56 h(4.13 h), solid/liquid ra.io 0.39(0.53). The ma.imum Zn a.d Cu recoveries to solution, obta.ned experimenta.ly under the conditions, a.e 81.16% a.d 56.48%, respectively.

关键词： copper sla. a.monia solution meta. recovery centra. composite design optimiza.ion

Non-surgica. thera.y of Peyronie＇s disea.e

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a.ia. Journa. of a.drology 2008年第1期10卷 79-87页

作者： Frederick l. Ta.lor la.rence a. levine Depa.tment of Urology Rush University Medical Center Chicago 60612 USA

The present pa.er provides a.review of the a.a.la.le non-surgica. trea.ments for Peyronie＇s disea.e （PD）. a.review of published litera.ure on ora., intra.esiona., externa. energy a.d iontophoresis thera.ies for PD wa. performed, a.d the published results of a.a.la.le trea.ment options reviewed. The a.thors＇ recommenda.ions for a.propria.e non-surgica. ma.a.ement of PD a.e provided. a.though there a.e ma.y published reports tha. show the effica.y of non-surgica. thera.ies for PD, there is a.la.k of la.ge sca.e, multicenter controlled clinica. tria.s, which ma.es trea.ment recommenda.ions difficult. Ca.eful review of the litera.ure does suggest tha. there a.e trea.ment options tha. ma.e scientific sense a.d a.pea. to sta.ilize the disea.e process, reduce deformity, a.d improve function. Offering no trea.ment a. a.l will encoura.e our pa.ients to pursue a.terna.ive trea.ments, which might do ha.m, a.d misses the opportunity to do some good. Clea.ly further work is necessa.y to develop sa.e a.d effective non-surgica. trea.ments for PD.

关键词： Peyronie's disea.e penile indura.ion huma.s injections intra.esiona. vita.in E pentoxifylline a.ino a.ids

Does host pla.t qua.ity a.fect the oviposition decisions of a. omnivore？

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Insect Science 2017年第3期24卷 491-502页

作者： Megha. a. Va.kosky Shera. l. Va.la.rhoven Depa.tment of Biologica. Sciences University of Windsor 401 Sunset Avenue Windsor Ontario NgB 3P4 Canada

Optima. oviposition theory predicts a.positive rela.ionship between fema.e pref- erence for oviposition hosts a.d offspring performa.ce. Interspecies effects on oviposition preference ha.e been widely investiga.ed, especia.ly for herbivores. However, intra.pecies va.ia.ion, such a. nitrogen content, might a.so influence fema.e preference for oviposition hosts a.d subsequent offspring performa.ce. To eva.ua.e this possibility, we investiga.ed the oviposition preference of a.zoophytopha.ous omnivore a.d the development a.d sur- viva. of its nymphs on a.single species of host pla.t tha. va.ied in nitrogen content. In choice a.d no-choice experiments without prey, fema.e omnivores were a.lowed to oviposit on pla.ts tha. ha. been fertilized using 4 ra.es of nitrogen fertilizer （39, 78, 156, a.d 311 mg/l nitrogen） for 72 h. a.ter 72 h, the most fema.es were found on toma.o pla.ts receiving high concentra.ions of nitrogen fertilizer a.d more eggs were la.d on those pla.ts. First insta. nymphs developed more ra.idly on high-nitrogen pla.ts a.d third insta. nymphs developed fa.ter on low-nitrogen pla.ts. Pla.t nitrogen did not a.fect nymph surviva. to the a.ult sta.e, or the proba.ility of surviva. over time. a.though fema.e omnivores did discrimina.e between potentia. oviposition hosts ba.ed on pla.t nitrogen, their choices did not significa.tly impa.t nymph development or surviva.. This is the first study to show tha. intra.pecies va.ia.ion in nitrogen content between pla.ts a.fects the oviposition preference of fema.e omnivores, but not offspring performa.ce.

关键词： biologica. control Dicyphus hesperus Hemiptera nitrogen omnivore optima. oviposition

Biochemica. regula.ion of pigment motility in vertebra.e chroma.ophores： a.review of physiologica. color cha.ge mecha.isms

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Current Zoology 2016年第3期62卷 237-252页

作者： Russell a. lIGON Kristen l. MCCa.TNEY School of life Sciences Life Sciences C-wing Rm. 522 Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-4501 USA

The funda.enta. unit of ra.id, physiologica. color cha.ge in vertebra.es is the derma. chroma.o- phore unit. This unit, comprised of cellula. a.socia.ions between different chroma.ophore types, is rela.ively conserved a.ross the fish, a.phibia., a.d reptilia. species ca.a.le of physiologica. color cha.ge a.d numerous a.tempts ha.e been ma.e to understa.d the na.ure of the four ma.or chro- ma.ophore types （mela.ophores, erythrophores, xa.thophores, a.d iridophores） a.d their bio- chemica. regula.ion. In this review, we a.tempt to describe the current sta.e of knowledge rega.d- ing wha. cla.sifies a.pigment cell a. a.dyna.ic chroma.ophore, the unique cha.a.teristics of ea.h chroma.ophore type, a.d how different hormones, neurotra.smitters, or other signa.s direct pig- ment reorga.iza.ion in a.va.iety of vertebra.e ta.a.

关键词： chroma.ophore hormone neurotra.smitter physiologica. color cha.ge pigment vertebra.e.

Field sca.e mea.urement of greenhouse ga. emissions from la.d a.plied swine ma.ure

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Frontiers of Environmenta. Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 19-33页

作者： Devin l. Ma.rer Ja.ek a. Koziel Kelsey Bruning Depa.tment of a.ricultura. a.d Biosystems Engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA

Greenhouse ga. emissions （GHGs） from swine production systems a.e rela.ively well resea.ched with the exception of emissions from la.d a.plica.ion of ma.ure. GttGs inventories a.e needed for process- ba.ed modeling a.d science-ba.ed regula.ions. Thus, the objective of this observa.iona. study wa. to mea.ure GHG fluxes from la.d a.plica.ion of swine ma.ure on a.typica. corn field. a.sessment of GHG emissions from deep injected la.d-a.plied swine ma.ure, Phil a.d rea.plica.ion in the spring, on a.typica. US Midwestern corn-on-corn fa.m wa. completed. Sta.ic cha.bers were used Ibr flux mea.urement a.ong with ga. a.a.ysis on a.GC-FID-ECD＋ Mea.ured ga. concentra.ions were used to estima.e GHGs flux using four different models： linea. regression, nonlinea. regression, first order linea. regression a.d the revised Hutchinson a.d Mosier （HMR） model, respectively for *** flux esmna.es a.ter ma.ure a.phca.mn of 5.85×10 g·ha.-1（1 ha.= 0.01 km） of CO2 6.60×10^1g·ha.-1 of CH4 a.d3.48 ×10^3g·ha.-1 N2O for the fa.l tria. a.d 3.11×10^6g·ha.-1 of CO2,2.95×10^3g·ha.-1 of OH4, a.d 1.47×10^4g·ha.-1 N2O a.ter the spnng rea.phca.ion tria. were observed. The N2O net cumula.ive flux represents 0.595% of nitrogen a.plied in swine ma.ure for the fa.l tria..

关键词： Clima.e cha.ge Emissions Greenhouse ga.es la.d a.plica.ion Swine ma.ure