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Hazardous elements and amorphous nanoparticles in historical estuary coal mining area

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 927-939页

作者： Ana l.Duarte Kátia DaBoit Marcos l.S.Oliveira Elba C.Teixeira Ismael l.Schneider luis F.O.Silva Department of Civil and Environmental Universidad de la Costa Faculdade Meridional IMED FEPAM-Funda■o Estadual de Prote■o Ambiental Henrique luis Roessler

In Brazil, intense coal exploitation activities have led to environmental deterioration, including soil mortification, water contamination, loss of ecosystem, and atmospheric contamination. In addition,considerable quantities of sulfur-rich residues are left behind in the mining area; these residues pose grave environmental issues as they undergo sulfide oxidation reactions. When sulfur oxides come in contact with water, extreme acid leachate is produced with great proportions of sulfate, and hazardous elements(HEs), which are identified as coal drainage(CMD). CMD is an environmental pollution challenge, particularly in countries with historic or active coal mines. To prevent CMD formation or its migration, the source must be controlled; however, this may not be feasible at many locations. In such scenarios, the mine water should be collected, treated, and discharged. In this study, data from 2005 to2010 was gathered on the geochemistry of 11 CMD discharges from ten different mines. There are several concerns and questions on the formation of nanominerals in mine acid drainage and on their reactions and interfaces. The detailed mineralogical and geochemical data presented in this paper were derived from previous studies on the coal mine areas in Brazil. Oxyhydroxides, sulfates, and nanoparticles in these areas possibly go through structural transformations depending on their size and formation conditions. The geochemistry of Fe-precipitates(such as jarosite, goethite, and hematite) existent in the CMD-generating coal areas and those that could be considered as a potential source of hazardous elements(HEs)(e.g., Cr) were also studied because these precipitates are relatively stable in extremely low pH conditions. To simplify and improve poorly ordered iron, strontium, and aluminum phase characterization, field emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(hr-TEM), micro-Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction(XRD) a

关键词： Brazilian coal mining Environmental impacts Minerals

不同类型椎间融合器的材料学特征及其临床应用效果

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中国组织工程研究与临床康复 2007年第9期11卷 1755-1757页

作者：杨进顺吕浩然赵玉黄文铎广州医学院第二附属医院骨外科广东省广州市510260

目的:介绍各种不同椎间融合器在材料上的特点,以及不同椎间融合器的临床应用效果。方法:主要选择被Medline收录的外文文献和在国内核心杂志上发表的有关椎间融合器的文献,就其内容进行分析、分类、归纳及总结。结果:共检索到36篇文献,其... 详细信息

目的:介绍各种不同椎间融合器在材料上的特点,以及不同椎间融合器的临床应用效果。方法:主要选择被Medline收录的外文文献和在国内核心杂志上发表的有关椎间融合器的文献,就其内容进行分析、分类、归纳及总结。结果:共检索到36篇文献,其中21篇从发展历史、材料等方面介绍了椎间融合器逐渐适应神经根、椎间隙、脊柱等压力的进程;证实了椎间融合器能够治愈多种脊椎疾病;15篇关于椎间融合器在使用后的效果及手术并发症。最后有10篇文章列为参考文献。结论:随着材料学发展和设计的进步,椎间融合器已能成功的缓解椎间隙、神经根、脊柱等的压迫,生物型、可吸收型椎间融合器将是未来发展的主流。但是,由于此类融合器的随访时间尚短,更多的相关研究还有待进行。

关键词：脊椎融合器临床应用特点

Racial/ethnic disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and survival in California, 1988-2012

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第38期22卷 8584-8595页

作者： Susan l Stewart Sandy l Kwong Christopher l Bowlus Tung T Nguyen Annette E Maxwell Roshan Bastani Eric W Chak Moon S Chen Jr Division of Biostatistics Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavis School of Medicine Sacramenio CA 95817 United States California Department of Public Health Sacramenio CA 95817 United States Tung Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavis School of Medicine Sacramenio CA 95817 United States Division of General Internal Medicine University of California San Francisco CA 94101 United States UClA Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of California Los Angeles CA 90095 United States Division of Hematology and Oncology Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaDavis School of MedicineSacramento CA 95817 United States Cancer Control/Cancer Health Disparities University of CaliforniaDavis Comprehensive Cancer CenterSacramento CA 95817 United States

AIM To describe racial/ethnic differences in treatment and survival among liver cancer patients in a populationbased cancer *** Invasive cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma, n = 33270, diagnosed between January 1, 1988-December 31, 2012 and reported to the California Cancer Registry were analyzed by race/ethnicity, age, gender, geographical region, socio-economic status, time period of diagnosis, stage, surgical treatment, and survival. Patients were classified into 15 racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic White(White, n = 12710), Hispanic(n = 8500), Chinese(n = 2723), non-Hispanic Black(Black, n = 2609), Vietnamese(n = 2063), Filipino(n = 1479), Korean(n = 1099), Japanese(n = 658), American Indian/Alaskan Native(AIAN, n = 281), laotian/Hmong (n = 244), Cambodian(n = 233), South Asian(n = 190), Hawai`ian/Pacific Islander(n = 172), Thai(n = 95), and Other Asian(n = 214). The main outcome measures were receipt of surgical treatment, and cause-specific and all-cause *** After adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, time period, and stage of disease, compared to Whites, laotian/Hmong [odds ratio(OR) = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.17-0.53], Cambodian(OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.45-0.96), AIAN(OR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.46-0.93), Black(OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.67-0.86), and Hispanic(OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.72-0.84) patients were less likely, whereas Chinese(OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.42-1.77), Koreans(OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.24-1.70), Japanese(OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.15-1.72), and Vietnamese(OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.12-1.42) were more likely to receive surgical treatment. After adjustment for the same covariates and treatment, cause-specific mortality was higher for laotian/Hmong [(hazard ratio(hr) = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.29-1.73)], Cambodians(hr = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.16-1.58), and Blacks(hr = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.01-1.13), and lower for Chinese(hr = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.77-0.86), Filipinos(hr = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.78-0.90), Vietnamese(hr = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.80-0.90), Koreans(hr = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.83-0.97), and Hispanics(H

关键词： Disparities Treatment Survival liver cancer Hepatocellular carcinoma

Coverage of community-wide mass drug administration platforms for soil-transmitted helminths in Benin, India, and Malawi: findings from the DeWorm3 project

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第5期13卷 1-14页

作者： Means Arianna Rubin ásbj?rnsdóttir Kristjana hr?nn Sharrock Katherine C. Galagan Sean R. Aruldas Kumudha Avokpaho Euripide Chabi Félicien Halliday Katherine E. Houngbegnon Parfait Israel Gideon John Kaliappan Saravanakumar Puthupalayam Kennedy David legge Hugo Oswald William E. Palanisamy Gokila Rogers Elliott Timothy Joseph Pearman Emily Ramesh Rohan Michael Simwanza James Sheik-Abdullah Jasmine Farzana Sheikh Mariyam Togbevi Comlanvi Innocent Witek-McManus Stefan Pullan Rachel l. Bailey Robin Kalua Khumbo Ibikounlé Moudachirou luty Adrian J. F. Ajjampur Sitara S. R. Walson Judd l. Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle Washington USA The DeWormProject University of Washington Seattle Washington USA Centre of Public Health Sciences University of Iceland Reykjavík Iceland The Wellcome Trust Research laboratory Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences Christian Medical College Vellore India Institut de Recherche Clinique du Bénin Abomey-Calavi Bénin Department of Disease Control Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene &amp Tropical Medicine London UK Global Health Division International Development Group Research Triangle Institute (RTI) International Research Triangle Park NC USA Division of Medicine University College London London UK Blantyre Institute for Community Outreach Lions Sight First Eye Hospital Blantyre Malawi Department of Population Health Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene &amp Clinical Research Department Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases London School of Hygiene &amp School of Population and Public Health University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Center (TIDRC)Université d’Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Bénin Université Paris Cité Institut de Recherche pour le Développement MERIT Paris F-75006 France Department of International Health Bloomberg School of Public Health Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA

Background Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) affect approximately 1.5 billion people globally. The current STH control strategy is annual or twice-annual preventive chemotherapy, typically school-based deworming targeting children and women of reproductive age. Mathematical modeling suggests that it may be possible to interrupt STH transmission through high-coverage community-wide mass drug administration (cMDA). DeWorm3 is a cluster randomized trial testing cMDA for prevalence reduction and transmission interruption. The purpose of this study is to describe coverage of cMDA in study clusters over time and correlates of coverage at individual and cluster *** From 2018-2020, DeWorm3 delivered six rounds of cMDA with 400 mg albendazole at sites in Benin, India, and Malawi. We report coverage, treatment uptake, and directly observed therapy across all rounds. Factors associated with coverage at the cluster level were identified using binomial generalized estimating equations, while factors associated with non-treatment at the individual level were identified using binomial mixed-effects *** Coverage was high across all clusters and rounds, exceeding the WHO target of 75% in all sites and across all rounds (78% to 95%); cluster-level coverage tended to increase over time. Younger, unmarried, and migratory adults were more likely to be untreated at all sites; adult males were more likely to be untreated in Benin and Malawi. Among children, girls were more likely to be untreated, as were non-school-attending and migratory children. Higher adult education was associated with greater odds of non-treatment among adults, but lower odds among children in the household. Belonging to a less wealthy or minority language-speaking household was associated with non-treatment among both adults and *** It is possible to deliver community-wide MDA with high coverage. Unique individual and community-level factors influence treatment across settings,

关键词： Soil-transmitted helminths Mass drug administration Albendazole Community Coverage

Displacement Current in Domain Walls of Bismuth Ferrite

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 597-605页

作者： Sergey Prosandeev Yurong Yang Charles Paillard l.Bellaiche Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA Institute of Physics and Physics Department of Southern Federal UniversityRostov-na-Donu 344090Russia

In 1861,Maxwell conceived the idea of the displacement current,which then made laws of electrodynamics more complete and also resulted in the realization of devices exploiting such displacement ***,it is presently unknown if such displacement current can result in large intrinsic ac current in ferroic systems possessing domains,despite the flurry of recent activities that have been devoted to domains and their corresponding conductivity in these ***,we report firstprinciples-based atomistic simulations that predict that the transverse(polarization-related)displacement currents of 71°and 109°domains in the prototypical BiFeO_(3) multiferroic material are significant at the walls of such domains and in the GHz regime,and,in fact,result in currents that are at least of the same order of magnitude than previously reported dc currents(that are likely extrinsic in nature and due to electrons).Such large,localized and intrinsic ac currents are found to originate from low-frequency vibrations at the domain walls,and may open the door to the design of novel devices functioning in the GHz or THz range and in which currents would be confined within the domain wall.

关键词： currents regime magnitude

Isolation of a salt tolerant laccase secreting strain of Trichoderma sp. NFCCI-2745 and optimization of culture conditions and assessing its efectiveness in treating saline phenolic efuents

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第12期25卷 2410-2416页

作者： l.M.Divya G.K.Prasanth C.Sadasivan Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology Kannur University

Most of the hazardous pollutants are phenolic in nature and persists in the environment. The ability of laccases to oxidize phenolic compounds and reduce molecular oxygen to water has led to intensive studies of these enzymes. Therefore the fungal strains with high laccase activity and substrate affinity that can tolerate harsh environmental conditions have a potential for biotechnological applications. Salt tolerant laccase secreting fungi can be utilized in treatment of saline and phenolic rich industrial effluents such as coir effluent and textile effluent that needed to be diluted several fold before microbial treatment. This is the first study describing the isolation and optimization of a salt tolerant strain of Trichoderma sp. potential for industrial applications. The fungus was identified based on morphological characteristics and was subsequently confirmed with molecular techniques and deposited at National Fungal Culture Collections of India （NFCCI） under the Accession No. Trichoderma viride NFCCI 2745. In contrast to other laccase secreting fungi, light conditions did not exert much influence on laccase production of this strain and salinity enhanced its laccase secretion. The fungus effectively removed the phenolic content of the textile effluent, coir-ret liquor and wood processing effluent within 96 hr of incubation. The tolerance of the fungus to high salinity and phenolic compounds makes this strain ideal for treating saline and phenolic rich industrial effluents.

关键词： laccase optimization phenol tolerant salt tolerant Trichoderma viride

Fate and transport of theβ-adrenergic agonist ractopamine hydrochloride in soil–water systems

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第7期28卷 40-48页

作者： Heldur Hakk Weilin l.Shelver Francis X.M.Casey USDA-ARS Biosciences Research laboratory 1605 Albrecht Blvd.FargoND 58102USA Department of Soil Sciences North Dakota State UniversityAlbrecht Blvd.FargoND 58108USA

The feed additive ractopamine hydrochloride was fortified at four concentrations into batch vials containing soils that differed in both biological activity and organic matter（OM）.Sampling of the liquid layer for 14 days demonstrated that ractopamine rapidly dissipated from the liquid layer. less than 20% of the fortified dose remained in the liquid layer after 4 hr,and recoveries of dosed ractopamine ranged from 8 to 18% in the liquid layer at 336 hr. Sorption to soil was the major fate for ractopamine in soil：water systems, i.e., 42%–51% of the dose at14 days. The major portion of the sorbed fraction was comprised of non-extractables; a smaller fraction of the sorbed dose was extracted into water and acetone, portions which would be potentially mobile in the environment. Partitioning coefficients for all soils suggested strong sorption of ractopamine to soil which is governed by hydrophobic interactions and cation exchange complexes within the soil OM. Ractopamine degradation was observed, but to mostly non-polar compounds which had a higher potential than ractopamine to sorb to soil. The formation of volatiles was also suggested. Therefore, despite rapid and extensive soil sorption,these studies indicated a portion of ractopamine, present in manures used to fertilize soils,may be mobile in the environment via water-borne events.

关键词： Ractopamine Transport Degradation β-Adrenergic agonist Soil

Spatiotemporal Evaluation and Future Projection of Diurnal Temperature Range over the Tibetan Plateau in CMIP6 Models

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第11期41卷 2245-2258页

作者： Suguo ZHANG Qin HU Xianhong MENG Yaqiong lÜ Xianyu YANG School of Atmospheric Sciences/Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key laboratory of Sichuan Province Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225China Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China Earth System Modelling School of Engineering and DesignTechnical University of MunichMunich 85521Germany

The diurnal temperature range(DTR) serves as a vital indicator reflecting both natural climate variability and anthropogenic climate change. This study investigates the historical and projected multitemporal DTR variations over the Tibetan Plateau. It assesses 23 climate models from phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP6) using CN05.1 observational data as validation, evaluating their ability to simulate DTR over the Tibetan Plateau. Then, the evolution of DTR over the Tibetan Plateau under different shared socioeconomic pathway(SSP) scenarios for the near,middle, and long term of future projection are analyzed using 11 selected robustly performing models. Key findings reveal:(1) Among the models examined, BCC-CSM2-MR, EC-Earth3, EC-Earth3-CC, EC-Earth3-Veg, EC-Earth3-Veg-lR,FGOAlS-g3, FIO-ESM-2-0, GFDl-ESM4, MPI-ESM1-2-hr, MPI-ESM1-2-lR, and INM-CM5-0 exhibit superior integrated simulation capability for capturing the spatiotemporal variability of DTR over the Tibetan Plateau.(2) Projection indicates a slightly increasing trend in DTR on the Tibetan Plateau in the SSP1-2.6 scenario, and decreasing trends in the SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SPP5-8.5 scenarios. In certain areas, such as the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, western hinterland of the Tibetan Plateau, southern Kunlun, and the Qaidam basins, the changes in DTR are relatively large.(3) Notably, the warming rate of maximum temperature under SSP2-4.5, SSP3-7.0, and SPP5-8.5 is slower compared to that of minimum temperature, and it emerges as the primary contributor to the projected decrease in DTR over the Tibetan Plateau in the future.

关键词： Tibetan Plateau CMIP6 models diurnal temperature range model assessment historical period future projection

Effects of ice massage of the head and spine on heart rate variability in healthy volunteers

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2016年第4期14卷 306-310页

作者： A. Mooventhan l. Nivethitha Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara College of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences and Hospital Ujire-574240 Karnataka India Swami Vivekananda Yoga Anusandhana Samsthana University Bengaluru-560019 Karnataka India

OBJECTIVE： Ice massage （IM） is one of the treatment procedures used in hydrotherapy. Though its various physiological/therapeutic effects have been reported, effects of IM of the head and spine on heart rate variability （hrV） have not been studied. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of IM of the head and spine on hrV in healthy volunteers.METHODS： Thirty subjects were randomly divided into 3 sessions：（1） IM, （2） tap water massage （TWM） and （3） prone rest （PR）. Heart rate （hr） and hrV were assessed before and after each intervention session.RESUlTS： A significant increase in the mean of the intervals between adjacent QRS complexes or the instantaneous hr （RRI）, square root of mean of sum of squares of differences between adjacent normal to normal （NN） intervals （RMSSD）, number of interval differences of successive NN intervals greater than 50 milliseconds （NN50）, proportion derived by dividing NN50 by total number of NN intervals along with significant reduction in hr after IM session; significant increase in RRI along with significant reduction in hr after TWM, and a significant increase only in RMSSD after PR were observed. However, there was no significant difference between the sessions.CONClUSION： Results of this study suggest that 20 min of IM of the head and spine is effective in reducing hr and improving hrV through vagal dominance in healthy volunteers.

关键词： heart rate variability hydrotherapy massage therapy