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livestock breeding for the 21st century: the promise of the editing revolution

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2020年第2期7卷 129-135页

作者： Chris PROUDFOOT Gus MCFARlANE bruce WHITElAW Simon lIllICO The Roslin Institute and Royal(Dick)School of Veterinary Studies University of EdinburghEaster BushMidlothianEH259RGUK

In recent years there has been a veritable explosion in the use of genome editors to create sitespecific changes,both in vitro and in vivo,to the genomes of a multitude of species for both basic research and ***,which form a vital component of most societies,are no *** selective breeding has been hugely successful at enhancing some production traits,the rate of progress is often slow and is limited to variants that exist within the breeding *** editing provides the potential to move traits between breeds,in a single generation,with no impact on existing productivity or to develop de novo phenotypes that tackle intractable issues such as *** such,genome editors provide huge potential for ongoing livestock development programs in light of increased demand and disease *** review will highlight some of the more notable agricultural applications of this technology in livestock.

关键词： cattle pig sheep chicken aquaculture CRISPR

Essentials of business statistics

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Competition for electrons between reductive dechlorination and denitrification

1000年

作者： Bowerman bruce l.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第6期11卷 129-138页

作者： lifeng Cao Weihua Sun Yuting Zhang Shimin Feng Jinyun Dong Yongming Zhang bruce E. Rittmann Department of Environmental Science and Engineering College of Life and Environmental Science Shanghai Normal University Shanghai 200234 China Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287-5701 USA

It is common that 2,4,6-trichlorophenol （TCP） coexists with nitrate or nitrite in industrial wastewaters. In this work, simultaneous reductive dechlorination of TCP and denitrification of nitrate or nitrite competed for electron donor, which led to their mutual inhibition. All inhibitions could be relieved to a certain degree by augmenting an organic electron donor, but the impact of the added electron donor was strongest for TCP. For simultaneous reduction ofTCP together with nitrate, TCP＇s removal rate value increased 75% and 150%, respectively, when added glucose was increased from 0.4 mmol· l^-1 to 0.5 mmol· l^-1 and to 0.76 mmol· l^-1 For comparison, the removal rate for nitrate increased by only 25% and 114% for the same added glucose. The relationship between their initial biodegradation rates versus their initial concentrations could be represented well with the Monod model, which quantified their half-maximum-rate concentration （Ks value）, and Ks values for TCP, nitrate, and nitrite were larger with simultaneous reduction than independent reduction. The increases in Ks are further evidence that competition for the electron donor led to mutual inhibition. For bioremediation of wastewater containing TCP and oxidized nitrogen, both reduction reactions should proceed more rapidly if the oxidized nitrogen is nitrite instead of nitrate and if readily biodegradable electron acceptor is augmented.

关键词： Competition for electrons Denitrification Reductive dechlorination Bioremediation Nitrate 2 4 6-trichlorophenol

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有关慢性阻塞性肺疾病的几个值得关注的问题

中华结核和呼吸杂志 2012年第1期35卷 73-74页

作者：乔人立 bruce l Davidson Darcy Marciniuk Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Keck bchoot ot Medicine University of Southern Califonlia Los Angeles California USA Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Washington USA Division of Respirology Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Saskatchewan Canada

COPD已成为全球医学界的难题，其病死率不断攀升，速度超过任何其他主要死因，而且是各种死因中发病率继续上升的惟一病种。目前COPD已超过脑血管疾病，成为美国第3大主要死亡原因。据估计，从2003年到2033年中国死于COPD的人数将累计超... 详细信息

COPD已成为全球医学界的难题，其病死率不断攀升，速度超过任何其他主要死因，而且是各种死因中发病率继续上升的惟一病种。目前COPD已超过脑血管疾病，成为美国第3大主要死亡原因。据估计，从2003年到2033年中国死于COPD的人数将累计超过6500万。随着COPD造成疾病负担的增长，我们对其影响程度及有效管理的认识也在提高。为全面优化COPD的管理，有必要对COPD需要注意的问题进行深入探讨。为此，我们对COPD患者顽固性呼吸困难、肺动脉高压及合并肺癌的管理等重要临床问题进行简要论述。

关键词：慢性阻塞性肺疾病 COPD患者主要死亡原因有效管理主要死因脑血管疾病肺动脉高压疾病负担

Controlled release of FK506 from micropatterned PlGA films:potential for application in peripheral nerve repair

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第7期13卷 1247-1252页

作者： Brett Davis Susan Wojtalewicz Pratima labroo Jill Shea Himanshu Sant bruce Gale Jayant Agarwal Department of Bioengineering University of Utah Department of Surgery University of Utah Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Utah

After decades of research,peripheral nerve injury and repair still frequently results in paralysis,chronic pain and neuropathies leading to severe disability in *** clinically available nerve conduits only provide crude guidance of regenerating axons across nerve gap without additional ***506（Tacrolimus）,an FDA approved immunosuppressant,has been shown to enhance peripheral nerve regeneration but carries harsh side-effects when delivered *** objective of this study was to develop and evaluate a bioresorbable drug delivery system capable of local extended delivery of FK506 that also provides topological guidance cues to guide axon growth via *** was used to create micropatterned poly（lactide-co-glycolic acid）（PlGA） films embedded with ***-patterned,10/10 μm（ridge/groove width）,and 30/30 μm patterned films loaded with 0,1,and 3 μg/cm2 FK506 were manufactured and *** vitro FK506 rate of release testing indicated that the films are capable of an extended（at least 56 days）,controlled,and scalable release of *** extension bioactivity assay indicated that FK506 released from the films（concentration of samples tested ranged between 8.46–19.7 ng/m l） maintained its neural bioactivity and promoted neurite extension similar to control FK506 dosages（10 ng/m l FK506）.The multi-functional FK506 embedded,micropatterned poly（lactide-co-glycolic acid） films developed in this study have potential to be used in the construction of peripheral nerve repair devices.

关键词： nerve regeneration FK506 controlled release micropatterns topological cues PlGA

Nested Metal Catalysts:Metal Atoms and Clusters Stabilized by Confinement with Accessibility on Supports

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Precision Chemistry 2023年第1期1卷 3-13页

作者： bruce C.Gates Alexander Katz Jingyue liu Department of Chemical Engineering University of CaliforniaDavisDavisCalifornia 95616United States Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCalifornia 94720United States Department of Physics Arizona State UniversityTempeArizona 85287United States

Supported catalysts that are important in technology prominently include atomically dispersed metals and metal *** the metals are noble,they are typically unstablesusceptible to sinteringespecially under reducing *** the metals in supports such as organic polymers,metal oxides,and zeolites confers stability on the metals but at the cost of catalytic activity associated with the lack of accessibility of metal bonding sites to *** approach to stabilizing noble metal catalysts while maintaining their accessibility involves anchoring them in molecular-scale nests that are in or on *** nests include zeolite pore mouths,zeolite surface cups(half-cages),raft-like islands of oxophilic metals bonded to metal oxide supports,clusters of non-noble metals(e.g.,hosting noble metals as single-atom alloys),and nanoscale metal oxide islands that selectively bond to the catalytic metals,isolating them from the *** examples illustrate a trend toward precision in the synthesis of solid catalysts,and the latter two classes of nested catalysts offer realistic prospects for economical large-scale application.

关键词： catalyst synthesis supported metal catalysts encapsulated catalysts nested catalysts atomically dispersed metal catalysts

Biodegradable magnesium materials regulate ROS-RNS balance in pro-inflammatory macrophage environment

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第5期23卷 261-273页

作者： Maria P.Kwesiga Amani A.Gillette Fatemeh Razaviamri Margaret E.Plank Alexia l.Canull Zachary Alesch Weilue He bruce P.lee Roger J.Guillory II Department of Biomedical Engineering Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMIUSA Morgridge Institute for Research MadisonWIUSA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

The relationship between reactive oxygen and nitrogen species(ROS-RNS)secretion and the concomitant biocorrosion of degradable magnesium(Mg)materials is poorly *** found that Mg foils implanted short term in vivo(24 h)displayed large amounts of proinflammatory F4/80+/iNOS+macrophages at the *** sought to investigate the interplay between biodegrading Mg materials(98.6%Mg,AZ31&AZ61)and macrophages(RAW 264.7)stimulated with lipopolysaccharide(RAW 264.7^(lPS))to induce ROS-RNS *** test how these proinflammatory ROS-RNS secreting cells interact with Mg corrosion in vitro,Mg and AZ61 discs were suspended approximately 2 mm above a monolayer of RAW 264.7 cells,either with or without ^(lPS).The surfaces of both materials showed acute(24 h)changes when incubated in the proinflammatory RAW 264.7^(lPS) *** discs incubated with RAW 264.7^(lPS) macrophages showed greater corrosion pitting,while AZ61 showed morphological and elemental bulk product changes via scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM-EDX).X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis showed a reduction in the Ca/P ratio of the surface products for AZ61 disc incubated with RAW 264.7^(lPS),but not the Mg ***,RAW 264.7^(lPS) macrophages were found to be more viable in the acute biodegradative environment generated by Mg materials,as demonstrated by calcein-AM and cleaved(active)caspase-3 staining(CC3).^(lPS) stimulation caused an increase in ROS-RNS,and a decrease in antioxidant peroxidase *** and AZ61 were found to change this ROS-RNS balance,independently of physiological antioxidant *** findings highlight the complexity of the cellular driven acute inflammatory responses to different biodegradable Mg,and how it can potentially affect performance of these materials.

关键词： Biocorrosion Macrophage activation Nitroso-redox balance Mg

Burn recidivism:a 10-year retrospective study characterizing patients with repeated burn injuries at a large tertiary referral burn center in the United States

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Burns & Trauma 2019年第1期7卷 75-84页

作者： Sarah l.laughon Bradley N.Gaynes lori P.Chrisco Samuel W.Jones Felicia N.Williams bruce A.Cairns Gary J.Gala Department of Psychiatry 101 Manning DriveCB#7160Chapel HillNC 27599-7160USA Department of Surgery 4001 Burnett-Womack BuildingCB#7050Chapel HillNC 27599-7050USA North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center 101 Manning DriveCB#7206Chapel HillNC 27599-7600USA

Background:Psychiatric and substance use disorders are common among trauma and burn patients and are known risk factors for repeat episodes of trauma,known as trauma *** epidemiology of burn recidivism,specifically,has not been *** study aimed to characterize cases of burn recidivism at a large US tertiary care burn center and compare burn recidivists(RCs)with non-recidivists(NRCs).Methods:A 10-year retrospective descriptive cohort study of adult burn patients admitted to the North Carolina Jaycee Burn Center was conducted using data from an electronic burn registry and the medical *** variables were reported using medians and interquartile ranges(IQR).Chi-square and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare demographic,burn,and hospitalization characteristics between NRCs and ***:A total of 7134 burn patients were admitted,among which 51(0.7%)were RCs and accounted for 129(1.8%)*** the 51 RCs,37 had two burn injuries each,totaling 74 admissions as a group,while the remaining 14 RCs had between three and eight burn injuries each,totaling 55 admissions as a *** to NRCs,RCs were younger(median age 36 years vs.42 years,p=0.02)and more likely to be white(75%vs.60%,p=0.03),uninsured(45%vs.30%,p=0.02),have chemical burns(16%vs.5%,pl body surface area(89%vs.76%,p=0.001).The mortality rate for RCs *** did not differ(0%vs.1.2%,p=0.41).Psychiatric and substance use disorders were approximately five times greater among RCs compared to NRCs(75%vs.15%,pl hospital charges per patient were nearly three times higher for RCs ***($85,736 vs.$32,023,plusions:Distinct from trauma recidivism,burn recidivism is not associated with more severe injury or increased *** to trauma recidivists,but to a greater extent,burn RCs have high rates of comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions that contribute to increased health care u

关键词： Burn recidivism Consult psychiatry Substance use disorder Repeat burn injury

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