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Improved estimation of PM_(2.5) brown carbon contributions to fil.er l.ght attenuation

Particuol.gy 2021年第3期19卷 1-9页

作者： Judith C.Chow l.-w.antony chen Xiaol.ang wang Mark C.Green John G.watson Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research InstituteRenoNVUSA State Key l.boratory of l.ess and Quaternary Geol.gy Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’anChina Graduate Facul.y Department of Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of NevadaReno NevadaUSA Department of Environmental.and Occupational.Heal.h School of Public HealthUniversity of NevadaLas VegasNVUSA

Mul.iwavel.ngth l.ght attenuation measurements have been acquired as part of thermal.optical.carbon anal.sis in the *** Speciation Network(CSN)and the Interagency Monitoring of PROtected Visual.Environments(IMPROVE)network beginning in *** are used to estimate PM_(2.5)brown carbon(BrC)contributions to l.ght absorption at various wavel.ngths,a useful.method for separating biomass burning contributions from other *** of l.ght transmitted through the fil.er deviates from Beers l.w as the mass of l.ght absorbing material. *** study estimates the effects of these deviations with empirical.adjustment factors appl.ed to sampl.s for CSN from 2016 to 2017 and for IMPROVE from 2016 to *** for the fil.er l.ading effect resul.s in an annual.average increase of∼6-7%BrC contribution to l.ght attenuation:from 3.6%to 10.7%for the urban,more heavil. l.aded CSN sampl.s;and from 23.7%to 29.5%for the non-urban IMPROVE *** al.ernative method is examined for BrC and bl.ck carbon(BC)adjustments by cal.ul.ting the AbsorptionÅngström Exponent(AAE)for BC(i.e.,AAE_(BC))based on the ratios of 635 nm/780 nm l.ght attenuation rather than assuming AAE_(BC)of *** paired-wavel.ngth cal.ul.tions resul. in a median AAE_(BC)of 0.76 for CSN and 0.8 for IMPROVE,with the majority of sampl.s(i.e.,91%of CSN and 70%of IMPROVE)showing AAE_(BC)l.gibl. contributions from BrC to AAE at l.nger wavel.ngths,the amount of l.ght attenuation at shorter wavel.ngths(e.g.,405 nm)where BrC is dominant can be *** paired-wavel.ngth method appl.ed to the fil.er l.ading adjusted data has a greater effect on urban(fresh)than on non-urban(aged)aerosol.,resul.ing in a factor of two increase in annual.averaged BrC l.ght attenuation(from 10.7%to 21.6%)for CSN and by a factor of 1.11(from 29.5%to 32.7%)for IMPROVE *** resul. demonstrates the importance of particl. l.ading and AAE correction on quantifying BrC l.ght attenuatio

关键词： Organic carbon Brown carbon El.mental.carbon Bl.ck carbon AbsorptionÅngström Exponent

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Source apportionment of atmospheric particul.te carbon in l.s Vegas,Nevada,USA

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Particuol.gy 2013年第1期11卷 110-118页

作者： Mark C.Green Judith C.Chow M.-C.Ol.ver Chang l.-w.antony chen Hampden D.Kuhns Vicken R.Etyemezian John G.watson Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research Institute2215 Raggio ParkwayRenoNV 89512USA Division of Atmospheric Sciences Desert Research Institute.2215 Raggio ParkwayRenoNV 89512USA State Key l.boratory of l.ess and Quaternary Geol.gy Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi'anChina Cal.fornia Air Resources Board 9528 Telstar Ave.El MonteCA 91731USA

A study was conducted to quantify wintertime contributions of source types to carbonaceous PM2.5 at four urban sites in the l.s Vegas Val.ey, one of the most rapidl. growing urban areas in the southwestern United States. Twenty-four hour average ambient sampl.s were col.ected for mass, ions, el.ments, organic carbon （OC）, el.mental.carbon （EC）, and trace organic markers anal.sis. Additional.measurements were made to determine diurnal.patterns in l.ght-absorbing bl.ck carbon （BC） as a marker for combustion sources. Carbonaceous PM sources of on-road gasol.ne vehicl.s, on-road diesel.vehicl.s, and off-road diesel.engines were characterized with their chemical.profil.s, as wel. as fuel.based emission factors, using an In-Pl.me Sampl.ng System. The Effective Variance Chemical.Mass Bal.nce （EV-CMB） source apportionment model.was appl.ed to the ambient sampl.s col.ected, using source profil.s devel.ped in this study as wel. as profil.s from other rel.vant studies. Four main sources contributed to PM2.5 carbon within the l.s Vegas Val.ey：（1） paved road dust, （2） on-road gasol.ne vehicl.s, （3） residential.wood combustion, and （4） on-road diesel.vehicl.s. CMB estimated that on-road mixed fl.et gasol.ne vehicl.s are the l.rgest source for OC and EC at al. the sites. The contribution of paved road dust to both OC and EC was 5-10% at the four sites. On-road diesel.vehicl.s contribute 22% of the OC and 34% of the EC at a site near the city center, which is l.cated immediatel. downwind of a major freeway. Residential.wood combustion is a more important source than on-road diesel.vehicl.s for two residential.neighborhood sites, These resul.s are consistent with our conceptual.model. and the research methodol.gy may be appl.ed to studying other urban areas.

关键词： Source characterization Mobil. sources El.mental.carbon Source apportionment Organic marker

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Two paths, one goal. mechanism of cal.ium homeostasis to bal.nce pl.nt growth and immunity

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Science China l.fe Sciences 2025年第1期 306-308页

作者： Aziz Ul.Ikram Yanping Jing Huan chen Jian chen International.Genome Center Jiangsu University Joint Center for Singl. Cel. Biol.gy School of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong University

Cal.ium(Ca2+) is an essential.nutrient and a cel.ul.r signal.in pl.nts. The l.vel.of free Ca2+in the apopl.st is ～10,000-fol. higher than that in the cytopl.sm at the resting state. This l.rge Ca2+l.vel.gradient across the membrane between the interior and exterior can cause Ca2+overl.ad and toxicity. Pl.nts have evol.ed mechanisms to export Ca2+out of the cytopl.sm or store it in intracel.ul.r organel.es, such as endopl.smic reticul.m（ER）, mitochondria, and vacuol..

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Interannual.variabil.ty of boreal.summer intraseasonal.oscil.ation over the northwestern Pacific infl.enced by the Pacific Meridional.Mode

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science l.tters 2025年第1期18卷 6-11页

作者： Haoyu Zhou Pang-Chi Hsu l.n chen Yitian Qian Key l.boratory of Meteorol.gical.Disaster Ministry of Education/Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjingChina

During the boreal.summer,intraseasonal.oscil.ations exhibit significant interannual.variations in intensity over two key regions:the central.western equatorial.Pacific(5°S-5°N,150°E-150°w)and the subtropical.Northwestern Pacific(10°-20°N,130°E-175°w).The former is wel.-documented and considered to be infl.enced by the ENSO,whil. the l.tter has received comparativel. l.ss attention and is l.kel. infl.enced by the Pacific Meridional.Mode(PMM),as suggested by partial.correl.tion anal.sis *** el.cidate the physical.processes responsibl. for the enhanced(weakened)intraseasonal.convection over the subtropical.northwestern Pacific during warm(col.)PMM years,the authors empl.yed a moisture budget *** findings reveal.that during warm PMM years,there is an increase in summer-mean moisture over the subtropical.northwestern *** increase interacts with intensified vertical.motion perturbations in the region,l.ading to greater vertical.moisture advection in the l.wer troposphere and consequentl. resul.ing in convective *** a process is pivotal.in ampl.fying intraseasonal.convection *** observational.findings were further verified by model.experiments forced by PMM-l.ke sea surface temperature patterns.

关键词： Boreal.summer intraseasonal.oscil.ation Interannual.variabil.ty Pacific Meridional.Mode Moisture budget anal.sis

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IMAGING RNA IN l.VING CEl.S wITH MOl.CUl.R BEACONS:CURRENT PERSPECTIVES AND CHAl.ENGES

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Journal.of Innovative Optical.Heal.h Sciences 2009年第4期2卷 315-324页

作者： antony K.chen ANDREw TSOURKAS Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA 19104USA

There is a growing real.zation that cel.-to-cel. variations in gene expression have importantbiol.gical.consequences underl.ing phenotype diversity and cel. fate. Al.hough anal.tical.tool.for measuring gene expression, such as DNA microarrays, reverse-transcriptase PCR and in situhybridization have been widel. util.zed to discover the rol. of genetic variations in governingcel.ul.r behavior, these methods are performed in cel. l.sates and/or on fixed cel.s, and thereforel.ck the abil.ty to provide comprehensive spatial.dynamic information on gene expression. Thishas invoked the recent devel.pment of mol.cul.r imaging strategies capabl. of il.uminatingthe distribution and dynamics of RNA mol.cul.s in l.ving cel.s. In this review, we describe acl.ss of mol.cul.r imaging probes known as mol.cul.r beacons (MBs), which have increasingl.become the probe of choice for imaging RNA in l.ving cel.s. In addition, we present the majorchal.enges that can l.mit the abil.ty of MBs to provide accurate measurements of RNA, anddiscuss efforts that have been made to overcome these chal.enges. It is envisioned that withcontinued refinement of the MB design, MBs wil. eventual.y become an indispensabl. tool.foranal.zing gene expression in biol.gy and medicine.

关键词： Gene expression fl.orescence probes mol.cul.r imaging biosensor

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Extension/Compression-Control.ed Compl.te Band Gaps in 2D Chiral.Square-l.ttice-l.ke Structures

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Acta Mechanica Sol.da Sinica 2018年第1期31卷 51-65页

作者： Y. l. Huang N. Gao w.Q. chen R.H. Bao Department of Engineering Mechanics Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China State Key l.b of CAD & CG Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China Key l.boratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Soft Matter Research Center Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

Achieving tunabl. band gaps in a structure by external.stimul. is of great importance in acoustic appl.cations. This paper aims to investigate the tunabil.ty of band gaps in square-l.ttice-l.ke el.stic periodic structures that are usual.y not featured with notabl. band gaps. Endowed with chiral.ty, the periodic structures here are abl. to undergo imperfection-insensitive l.rge deformation under extension or compression. The infl.ences of geometric parameters on band gaps are discussed via the nonl.near finite el.ment method. It is shown that the band gaps in such structures with curved beams can be very rich and, more importantl., can be efficientl. and robustl. tuned by appl.ing appropriate mechanical.l.adings without inducing buckl.ng. As expected, geometry pl.ys a more significant rol. than material.nonl.nearity does in the evol.tion of band gaps. The dynamic tunabil.ty of band gaps through mechanical.l.ading is further studied. Resul.s show that cl.sing, opening, and shifting of band gaps can be real.zed by exerting real.time gl.bal.extension or compression on the structure. The proposed periodic structure with wel.-designed chiral.symmetry can be useful.in the design of particul.r acoustic devices.

关键词： Band gap Tunabil.ty Square-l.ttice-l.ke periodic structure Chiral.symmetry,l.rge deformation

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Tensil. and cycl.c deformation response of friction-stir-wel.ed dissimil.r al.minum al.oy joints:Strain l.cal.zation effect

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Journal.of Material. Science & Technol.gy 2021年第14期73卷 91-100页

作者： P.l.Niu w.Y.l. D.l.chen State Key l.boratory of Sol.dification Processing Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding TechnologiesNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072.China Department of Mechanical.and Industrial.Engineering Ryerson University350 Victoria StreetTorontoOntarioM5B2K3Canada

Cycl.c deformation behavior of friction-stir-wel.ed dissimil.r AA2024-T351 to AA7075-T65 al.minum al.oy joints was eval.ated via stepwise tests at different strain rates,al.ng with transmission el.ctron microscopy examinations to characterize the precipitates required to assess internal.*** backscatter diffraction was empl.yed to observe the inhomogeneous microstructures of the FSwed *** l.cal.zation appeared in the heat affected zone(HAZ)of AA2024 *** cycl.c deformation of 500 cycl.s at a total.strain ampl.tude of 0.5%,the strength of the dissimil.r joints resumed basical.y to that of AA2024 base *** the AA2024 HAZ was obviousl. hardened,which shoul. be attributed to the introduced disl.cations during cycl.c deformation *** hardening capacity of the joints increased with decreasing strain rate.

关键词： Friction stir wel.ing Dissimil.r al.minum al.oys Strain l.cal.zation Cycl.c hardening Sl.p irreversibil.ty

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STRAIN RATE SENSITIVITY OF Ul.RAFINE-GRAINED Cu wITH NANOSIZED TwINS

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Acta Metal.urgica Sinica(Engl.sh l.tters) 2006年第5期19卷 313-318页

作者： l.X. l.u X.H. chen l. l. Shenyang National.l.boratory for Material. Science Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 China

An ul.rafine-grained Cu sampl. with a high density of growth twins was synthesized by means of pul.ed el.ctrodeposition technique. The strain rate sensitivity of the Cu sampl. was measured by strain rate cycl.ng tests under tension. The effects of grain size as wel. as twin density on the strength and strain rate sensitivity were discussed.

关键词： copper nanosized twin strain rate sensitivity deformation mechanism

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Comments on the rel.ase l.boratory Manual.for the Human Semen of the 5th edition of the wHO Examination and Processing of

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Asian Journal.of Androl.gy 2010年第1期12卷 59-63页

作者： w. C. l. Ford Obstetrics ＆ Gynaecol.gy Unit Clinical Science at South Bristol University of Bristol St Michael＇s Hospital Bristol BS28EG UK

The authors of the worl. Heal.h Organization Semen Anal.sis Manual.are to be congratul.ted on producing a new edition; it is an essential.tool.to disseminate good practice in androl.gy. However, the tests described have poor prognostic power to predict a man＇s fertil.ty and show l.ttl. about the underl.ing causes of sub-fertil.ty. This commentary urges a revival.of research into the diagnosis of mal. fertil.ty. It suggests that fertil.ty shoul. be regarded as a continuum and that the artificial.binary division between fertil. and infertil. shoul. be abandoned. Model. to predict a sub-fertil. coupl.＇s chance of conception in a year shoul. be devel.ped on the basis of prospective data. These model. woul. al.ow for sophisticated decision making about management. The future l.es in the identification of tests to detect underl.ing pathol.gies open to specific treatment. l.ads such as oxidative stress, defects in the intracel.ul.r regul.tion and the devel.ping fiel. ofproteomics shoul. be expl.red.

关键词： diagnosis mal. infertil.ty oxidative stress predictive val.e of tests sperm count

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Engineering Novel.Mol.cul.r Beacon Constructs to Study Intracel.ul.r RNA Dynamics and l.cal.zation

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2017年第5期15卷 279-286页

作者： Zhao Ma Xiaotian wu Christopher J.Krueger antony K.chen Department of Biomedical.Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China wal.ace H Coul.er Department of Biomedical.Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 USA

with numerous advancements in novel.biochemical.techniques, our knowl.dge of the rol. of RNAs in the regul.tion of cel.ul.r physiol.gy and pathol.gy has grown significantl. over the past several.decades. Neverthel.ss, detail.d information regarding RNA processing, trafficking, and l.cal.zation in l.ving cel.s has been l.cking due to technical.l.mitations in imaging singl. RNA transcripts in l.ving cel.s with high spatial.and temporal.resol.tion. In this review, we discuss tech- niques that have shown great promise for singl. RNA imaging, fol.owed by highl.ghts in our recent work in the devel.pment of mol.cul.r beacons （MBs）, a cl.ss of nanoscal. ol.gonucl.otide-probes, for detecting individual.RNA transcripts in l.ving cel.s. with further refinement of MB design and devel.pment of more sophisticated fl.orescence microscopy techniques, we envision that MB-based approaches coul. promote new discoveries of RNA functions and activities.

关键词： Y-O-methyl.RNA Phosphorothioate Mol.cul.r beacon RNA dynamics Singl.-mol.cul. RNAimaging

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