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Asymmetric interfacial engineering regulated charge distribution on Ru/Ni-N-C sites for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline and seawater electrolytes

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Rui Yu Xi cao Chengyang Zhu Qingqing Chen Ziyi Yan Binbin Jiang Junjie Mao Xianwen Wei Key laboratory of Electrochemical Clean Energy of Anhui Higher Education Institutes College of Chemistry and Materials ScienceAnhui Normal University Anhui provincial Key laboratory of Advanced Catalysis and Energy Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anqing Normal University School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Technology

Developing highly efficient and cost-effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction（HER） is grandly challenging in alkaline and alkaline seawater electrolytes. Herein, the asymmetric interfacial active sites with Ru nanoparticles and Ni single atoms in Ru/Ni-N-C were designed through a solvothermal-pyrolysis process. Constructing highly asymmetric interfacial active sites with a strong electron delocalization effect significantly improves HER kinetics. As expected, Ru/Ni-N-C requires low overpotentials with around 20 mV at 10 mA cm-2and robust durability over 48 h in alkaline and alkaline seawater *** at 200 mA cm-2, the overpotentials are close to 100 mV in both above electrolytes for Ru/Ni-N-C. Density function theory calculation results suggest that the asymmetric interface between Ru nanoparticle and Ni-N-C could accelerate the dissociation of water molecules and modulate the hydrogen species, consequently improving the HER performances. This work opens a unique approach for constructing advanced materials for energy conversion.

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Rational design of lipid-activatable NIR-II probes for precisely imaging atherosclerotic plaque

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Science China Chemistry 2025年

作者： Xinyu Xu Yuan Ma Hui cao li Xu Haoming Chen Sulai liu Wei Sun Guosheng Song Xiaobing Zhang State Key laboratory for Chemo/Bio-Sensing and Chemometrics College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringHunan University Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery/Central laboratory Hunan Provincial People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) Department of Cardiology the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Key laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational MedicineNanjing Medical University Shenzhen Research Institute of Hunan University

Atherosclerosis(AS) is a prevalent condition associated with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, featuring lipid-laden plaque; however, the insufficient resolution and low sensitivity of traditional medical imaging techniques limit their application in lipid imaging. Currently, the second near-infrared(NIR-II) fluorescence imaging offers promising sensitivity and convenience. However, existing probes have limitations in terms of signal-to-background ratio, penetration depth, and tissue scattering. Herein, we use a molecular regulatory strategy to design a lipid-activatable probe Rh-965 with high specificity and NIR-II emission for improved imaging potential in deep tissues. The potential of Rh-965 for imaging plaque lipids in mice with AS is demonstrated by localizing carotid artery plaques using NIR-II imaging. The development of more stable lipid-activated NIR-II probes can significantly enhance atherosclerosis diagnosis and facilitate in vivo imaging in deeper tissues.

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Optimization Model for Inter-regional Emergency power Dispatch Considering Transmission Rights Allocation

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Dianwang Jishu/power System Technology 2025年第1期49卷 223-231页

作者： Guan, Jinyu liang, Zhifeng Chang, li cao, Rongzhang li, lili NARI Group Corporation State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Jiangsu Province Nanjing 211106 China NARI Technology Co. Ltd. Jiangsu Province Nanjing 211106 China Department of Electrical Engineering Tsinghua University Haidian District Beijing 100084 China National power Dispatch and Control Centre Xicheng District Beijing 100031 China

Inter-regional emergency power dispatch refers to the mandatory fallback guarantee measures for ensuring supply or absorption of emergency demands within provincial grids when market-based approaches have been exhausted from the perspective of mutual assistance in electricity surplus and shortage across provinces and regions. When it is impossible to rely on market declarations directly, how to allocate emergency demands and inter-provincial/regional support capacities and distribute the limited available transfer capacity reasonably among market entities is one of the key issues urgently needing to be addressed in current emergency dispatch. This paper proposes an optimization model for inter-provincial and inter-regional emergency power dispatch considering transmission rights. Inspired by China's current mechanism for allocating transmission channel revenue rights, based on local prioritization and the urgency of emergency demands, a method for determining the priority of emergency transactions considering transmission rights allocation is proposed. This method transforms transmission rights into priority transaction rights, addressing the lack of a reasonable basis for transmission capacity allocation in the emergency dispatch phase. Considering constraints such as available transfer capacity, transaction flow balance, and transaction point power balance constraints, to maximize adjusted social welfare, a clearing model for emergency dispatch optimization considering transaction path priority is constructed. Comparative analysis of the optimization results of three 1e clearing modes, price-based sequential clearing, scenario-based separation, and clearing with transaction path priority, validates the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed optimization clearing model and analyzes the impact of related parameter settings on the clearing results. © 2025 power System Technology press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Commerce

计吏、“贡士”与东汉贡献秩序的演变——以“举计吏”为线索

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古代文明（中英文） 2025年第1期19卷 94-105,M0006页

作者：曹天江中央民族大学历史文化学院北京100081

东汉时期流行起来的“举计吏”一语,将上计与察举相联系,为观察东汉上计事务与贡献秩序的关系及其意义提供了视点。细考史料所见郡国上计案例,可知上计与察举的前途相似,但当时并未将计吏设为正式的察举科目。与西汉相比,东汉上计对计... 详细信息

东汉时期流行起来的“举计吏”一语,将上计与察举相联系,为观察东汉上计事务与贡献秩序的关系及其意义提供了视点。细考史料所见郡国上计案例,可知上计与察举的前途相似,但当时并未将计吏设为正式的察举科目。与西汉相比,东汉上计对计吏的能力要求不再突出,计吏与长官的亲厚程度及其才学声望等成为更重要的因素,其人选也转向高级郡吏与布衣名士,并被赋予了地方“人才”的色彩。进而,郡国不再将上计之事推托给小吏,而是主动推荐计吏。加上察举诸生“与计偕”规定的长期执行及东汉贡献礼仪的日益完备,上计与察举在事务与观念上逐渐合流,最终,计吏被纳为“贡士”之选,统合贡献秩序中,彰显郡国对朝廷的属从关系,象征王朝国家对全国上下人、事、物全面的掌控。

关键词：上计贡士贡献秩序举计吏察举

鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区三叠系长7页岩油储层特征、形成环境及富集模式

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岩性油气藏 2025年第1期37卷 24-40页

作者：梁锋曹哲延长油田股份有限公司吴起采油厂陕西延安717600

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区三叠系长7段钻井岩心进行岩石学特征以及元素地球化学测试分析,采用V/(V+Ni),Ni/Co,U/Th,Sr/Cu,cao/(MgO*Al_(2)O_(3)),Sr/Ba,Fe/Mn,Mn/Ti,Ba_(bio)值和p/Al值等多种判别标准,并结合总有机碳的含量,进行古环... 详细信息

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区三叠系长7段钻井岩心进行岩石学特征以及元素地球化学测试分析,采用V/(V+Ni),Ni/Co,U/Th,Sr/Cu,cao/(MgO*Al_(2)O_(3)),Sr/Ba,Fe/Mn,Mn/Ti,Ba_(bio)值和p/Al值等多种判别标准,并结合总有机碳的含量,进行古环境分析,恢复了沉积期的古气候、古盐度和古氧化还原条件等。研究结果表明:①鄂尔多斯盆地华池地区三叠系长7段岩石主要为深灰色泥岩、深灰色灰质泥岩及含炭屑的粉砂质泥岩、富含有机质的粉砂质泥岩,黏土矿物晶间孔与粒间孔是主要的孔隙类型,可见少量溶蚀孔和微裂缝。②研究区延长组长7沉积时期,有机质生产力强,环境以淡水为主且处于贫氧到缺氧状态,其中长7_(2)—长7_(3)亚段沉积时期,部分水体较深的区域出现极强的还原条件,主要为温湿气候。整体上为深水环境,长7_(2)亚段沉积时位于深水区的边界地带,其水深明显较长71与长7_(3)亚段更深,p/Al值以及Ba_(bio)值总体上变化趋势一致,自下而上具有逐渐增大的趋势。③研究区延长组长7段古沉积环境具备适宜的温度和盐度条件,与深水和强还原性特征共同促进了有机质的广泛发育、富集和保存,源岩与储层之间通过裂缝连通,离源岩较近的储层,其捕获原油的数量和效率更高,这种源储配置为页岩油的大规模富集成藏奠定了坚实的基础。

关键词：页岩油储层元素地球化学古环境古生产力有机质富集源储配置长7 三叠系华池地区鄂尔多斯盆地

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Optimizing the key parameter to accelerate the recovery of AMOC under a rapid increase of greenhouse gas forcing

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science letters 2025年第1期18卷 39-45页

作者： Haolan Ren Fei Zheng Tingwei cao Qiang Wang International Center for Climate and Environment Science(ICCES) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjingChina CAS Key laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of Sciences and Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao)QingdaoChina

Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation(AMOC)plays a central role in long-term climate variations through its heat and freshwater transports,which can collapse under a rapid increase of greenhouse gas forcing in climate *** studies have suggested that the deviation of model parameters is one of the major factors in inducing inaccurate AMOC *** this work,with a low-resolution earth system model,the authors try to explore whether a reasonable adjustment of the key model parameter can help to re-establish the AMOC after its *** a new optimization strategy,the extra freshwater flux(FWF)parameter is determined to be the dominant one affecting the AMOC’s *** traditional ensemble optimal interpolation(EnOI)data assimilation and new machine learning methods are adopted to optimize the FWF parameter in an abrupt 4×CO_(2) forcing experiment to improve the adaptability of model parameters and accelerate the recovery of *** results show that,under an abrupt 4×CO_(2) forcing in millennial simulations,the AMOC will first collapse and then re-establish by the default FWF parameter ***,during the parameter adjustment process,the saltier and colder sea water over the North Atlantic region are the dominant factors in usefully improving the adaptability of the FWF parameter and accelerating the recovery of AMOC,according to their physical relationship with FWF on the interdecadal timescale.

关键词： Recovery of AMOC 4×CO_(2) forcing Key parameter parameter estimation Data assimilation Machine learning

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Orbitronics for energy-efficient magnetization switching

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 398-399页

作者： Yuxuan YAO Daoqian ZHU Qingtao XIA Jianing lIANG Yuhao JIANG Zhiyang pENG Jiaxu lI Chen XIAO Renyou XU Wenwen WANG Xiantao SHANG Shiyang lU Dapeng ZHU Hong-Xi lIU Kaihua cao Weisheng ZHAO Fert Beijing Institute School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering Beihang University National Key lab of Spintronics Institute of International Innovation Beihang University Qingdao Research Institute Beihang University Truth Memory Corporation

Spin-orbit torque （SOT）,as a promising writing method for magnetic random-access memory （MRAM）,has garnered widespread interest for over a decade [1].Heavy metals,such as β-W,have been broadly adopted as spin current sources,but suffer from phase change at a limited thickness,resulting in a dramatic reduction of the charge-tospin conversion efficiency θSH[2].The thickness limitation leads to stringent etching conditions and large distribution among devices,posing challenges for simultaneously satisfying SOT efficiency,etching-stop margins,and back-end-ofline （BEOl） compatibility.

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人工智能文生视频大模型Sora对科技伦理的冲击及应对

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新疆师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版） 2025年第1期46卷 142-148页

作者：曹贤平南昌工程学院马克思主义学院江西南昌330099

Sora的推出是人类社会发展和人工智能进步的标志性事件,凸显出生成式人工智能的强大功能。Sora的爆火离不开规模化数据、先进算法和规模化算力,其内在运行机制紧扣文本输入、文本编码、视频生成和视频输出的基本逻辑,在人类社会具有广... 详细信息

Sora的推出是人类社会发展和人工智能进步的标志性事件,凸显出生成式人工智能的强大功能。Sora的爆火离不开规模化数据、先进算法和规模化算力,其内在运行机制紧扣文本输入、文本编码、视频生成和视频输出的基本逻辑,在人类社会具有广阔应用前景。但Sora在技术更迭和运用过程中可能给科技伦理带来诸如冲击人的主体性地位、导致人们认知的混乱性、冲击伦理规则的适用性、冲击数字隐私伦理并造成数字歧视等风险。因此,要坚持以人为本,运用技术手段增强Sora的数据筛选力度和敏捷治理效度,防止数据泄露和侵犯隐私,进行伦理设计实现科技伦理与时俱进,辅之必要的教育培训,以此提升全民运用人工智能技术的能力。

关键词： Sora 生成式人工智能科技伦理

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边界与无疆(创作谈)

当代文坛 2025年第1期 71-73页

作者：曹文轩北京大学中文系

什么样的作品可以走向世界?或者说:走向世界的路径是什么?作为还算是幸运的中国作家,我的一些作品去了巴黎、伦敦、柏林、纽约、罗马、莫斯科、马德里、开罗、东京……我的作品被翻译为英、法、德、俄、意大利、西班牙、日、韩、阿拉伯... 详细信息

什么样的作品可以走向世界?或者说:走向世界的路径是什么?作为还算是幸运的中国作家,我的一些作品去了巴黎、伦敦、柏林、纽约、罗马、莫斯科、马德里、开罗、东京……我的作品被翻译为英、法、德、俄、意大利、西班牙、日、韩、阿拉伯、波斯、瑞典、葡萄牙等40余种语言,共计230余册,在世界各地出版、发行,并获得了一些较为重要的国际奖项。我不太能肯定这样的状况是否可以算得上我们的文学正从“走出去”往“走进去”过渡。

关键词：走向世界创作谈葡萄牙国际奖项马德里

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