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An analysis of energy consumption and carbon footprints of cryptocurrencies and possible solutions

Digital Communications and Networks 2023年第1期9卷 79-89页

作者： Varun Kohli Sombuddha Chakravarty Vinay Chamola kuldip singh Sangwan Sherali Zeadally Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering&APPCAIR BITS-PilaniPilani Campus333031India Department of Mechanical Engineering BITS-PilaniPilani Campus333031India College of Communication and Information University of KentuckyLexingtonKY40506-0224USA

There is an urgent need to control global warming caused by humans to achieve a sustainable ***_(2) levels are rising steadily,and while countries worldwide are actively moving toward the sustainability goals proposed during the Paris Agreement in 2015,we are still a long way to go from achieving a sustainable mode of global *** increased popularity of cryptocurrencies since the introduction of Bitcoin in 2009 has been accompanied by an increasing trend in greenhouse gas emissions and high electrical energy *** energy tracking studies(e.g.,Digiconomist and the Cambridge Bitcoin Energy Consumption Index(CBECI))have estimated energy consumption ranges from 29.96 TWh to 135.12 TWh and 26.41 TWh to 176.98 TWh,respectively for Bitcoin as of July 2021,which are equivalent to the energy consumption of countries such as Sweden and *** latest estimate by Digiconomist on carbon footprints shows a 64.18 MtCO_(2) emission by Bitcoin as of July 2021,close to the emissions by Greece and *** review compiles estimates made by various studies from 2018 to *** compare the energy consumption and carbon footprints of these cryptocurrencies with countries around the world and centralized transaction methods such as *** identify the problems associated with cryptocurrencies and propose solutions that can help reduce their energy consumption and carbon ***,we present case studies on cryptocurrency networks,namely,Ethereum 2.0 and Pi Network,with a discussion on how they can solve some of the challenges we have identified.

关键词： Blockchain Carbon footprint Climate change Cryptocurrency Sustainability

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Methods of Abortion in First and Second Trimester

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014年第15期4卷 924-929页

作者： Li Min Lim kuldip singh Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology National University Hospital Singapore City Singapore

Background: Medical and surgical methods are available for abortions in both the first and second trimester. Aim: To review the evidence base and current recommendations for available methods of abortions in first and second trimesters. Methods: Extensive literature search and review of available guidelines?were?done. Results: In the first trimester, medical methods are recommended below 7 weeks gestation while vacuum aspiration is an appropriate method between 7 to 12 weeks gestation. In the second trimester, the three methods of abortion available are dilatation and evacuation, intrauterine instillation of abortifacients and administration of systemic abortifacients. Conclusion: The choice of techniques depends on many factors including uterine volume, operator experience, patient preference, medical history and indication for abortion.

关键词： Abortion Surgical Medical Trimester

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Accidental Intra-Arterial Injection during Test Dose of Injection of Benzyl Penicillin: Complications and Management—A Case Report

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2015年第6期4卷 222-226页

作者： Amarjit singh kuldip singh Sidhu Shivaji Rai Department of Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Government Medical College Amritsar India

An 18 years old female patient was given a test dose of Benzyl penicillin in the Antecubital Area on the right forearm by a staff nurse of the department. After the injection, the patient complained of severe pain in the right forearm distal to the injection site. This was followed by blanching of the right forearm and hand. She was immediately heparinised followed by other symptomatic treatments. After 12 hours, a bluish discoloration developed on the hand, both on dorsal and palmar aspect, sparing the thumb. This recovered with medication, except the late development of dry gangrene of the tip of distal phalanx of the little finger which got shrivelled later on. Color Doppler flow study, echocardiography, and CT angiography of the right upper limb were done. Understanding of the pathogenesis and prompt action can help in saving a limb. Education of the medical professionals involved in administering injection is necessary so that they become aware of abnormal course or anomalous anatomy of vessels of upper limb. This can help to prevent the complications.

关键词： Intra-Arterial Injection Gangrene Anomalous Anatomy

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Pulsatile MHD Flow in an Inclined Catheterized Stenosed Artery with Slip on the Wall

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2014年第4期7卷 194-207页

作者： Mukesh Kumar Sharma kuldip singh Seema Bansal Department of Mathematics Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology Hisar India

Catheter is commonly used by the surgeons for various reasons in the treatment of a patient suffering with cardiovascular diseases. Catheterization increases the mean flow resistance in the arterial blood flow and many other complications are associated with the presence of catheter in the artery. Effects of catheter in stenosed artery can be estimated non-invasively by means of hemo-dynamic indicator-WSS, WSSG, volume flow rate and impedance. The effect of slip at the arterial wall, inclination of the artery and magnetic field on the hemodynamic indicators and flow profiles are computed, presented and discussed through graphs.

关键词： Stenosed Artery Wall Shear Stress Wall Shear Stress Gradient Impedance Catheter

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Study on Epidemiological Profile, Clinical Profile, and Angiographic Patterns in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in a Tertiary Health Care Center in Haryana

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2024年第10期14卷 664-680页

作者： Ghritachi Sandal kuldip singh Laller Ashwani Kumar Yadav Sunil Kumar Bamel Cardiology Department Pt. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences Rohtak Haryana India Cardiology Department Positron Hospital Rohtak Haryana India

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in India, with coronary artery disease (CAD) accounting for a majority of the deaths. There are few large registries on acute coronary syndrome (ACS) from India. Our aim is to study the clinical and epidemiological profile of ACS PATIENTS presenting to our institute, including their angiographic features. Methods: This hospital-based observational, single tertiary care center, prospective study was conducted on patients admitted in the Department of Cardiology at a tertiary care center in Haryana. The study included 400 patients aged greater than 18 years who were admitted with the diagnosis of ACS, and it was carried out for 1 year. The epidemiological profile, clinical history, risk factors, electrocardiogram findings, and angiographic pattern were studied and analyzed with appropriate statistical tools. Results: The mean age of the study population was 55.12 ± 11.78 years. Male and female ratio was 2.4:1. The majority of the patients came from rural background (80%);24% of the patients were illiterate. Smoking was the most common risk factor (51.5%) in our study population followed by hypertension (40%) and diabetes (28%). Unstable angina was the most common type of ACS, which was found in 68.25% of patients. Premature CAD was found in 27.8% of patients and obstructive CAD was found in 63% of patients. Coronary angiography revealed that 39% had single vessel disease (SVD), 23.5% had double vessel disease (DVD), and 27.5% had triple vessel disease (TVD). LAD was more commonly involved, followed by RCA and LCX. Within the first 24 hours, 67% of patients sought medical assistance and only 38.5% received definitive treatment, suggesting a delay in seeking definitive treatment in our study population. Conclusion: The study suggests that unstable angina is the most common form of ACS in the study population, which is mostly of rural background with significant delay in seeking medical help. Smoking is t

关键词： Acute Coronary Syndrome Angiographic Pattern Unstable Angina

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Growth and Fabrication of GaN/InGaN Violet Light Emitting Diode on Patterned Sapphire Substrate

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2014年第12期2卷 1113-1117页

作者： Sonachand Adhikari Saroj Kanta Patra Ashok Lunia Sandeep Kumar Priyavart Parjapat Bhoopendra Kushwaha Pawan Kumar Sumitra singh Ashok Chauhan kuldip singh Suchandan Pal C. Dhanavantri CSIR-Network of Institutes for Solar Energy (CSIR-NISE) CSIR-Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-CEERI) Pilani Rajasthan India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Chennai Tamil Nadu India

GaN/InGaN based violet light emitting diodes (LEDs), emitting at 430 nm, have been grown on conventional single side polished (SSP) and patterned sapphire substrates (PSS). Characteristics of the epitaxial wafers and subsequently fabricated LEDs have been analyzed. The photoluminescence (PL) peaks have been observed at 428.1 nm 426.1 nm for the epitaxial layers on SSP and PSS respectively. The PL intensity is 2.9 times higher in the case of PSS. The electroluminescence (EL) peaks have been observed at 430.78 nm and 430.35 nm for the LEDs on SSP and PSS respectively. The light output from LED fabricated on the PSS is 2.15 times higher than that of the LED on SSP at a forward current of 100 mA.

关键词： LED GaN/InGaN PSS

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SPOT-Disorder2: Improved Protein Intrinsic Disorder Prediction by Ensembled Deep Learning

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2019年第6期17卷 645-656页

作者： Jack Hanson kuldip K.Paliwal Thomas Litfin Yaoqi Zhou Signal Processing Laboratory Griffith UniversityBrisbane 4111Australia School of Information and Communication Technology Griffith UniversityGold Coast 4222Australia Institute for Glycomics Griffith UniversityGold Coast 4222Australia

Intrinsically disordered or unstructured proteins(or regions in proteins) have been found to be important in a wide range of biological functions and implicated in many diseases. Due to the high cost and low efficiency of experimental determination of intrinsic disorder and the exponential increase of unannotated protein sequences, developing complementary computational prediction methods has been an active area of research for several decades. Here, we employed an ensemble of deep Squeeze-and-Excitation residual inception and long short-term memory(LSTM) networks for predicting protein intrinsic disorder with input from evolutionary information and predicted one-dimensional structural properties. The method, called SPOT-Disorder2, offers substantial and consistent improvement not only over our previous technique based on LSTM networks alone,but also over other state-of-the-art techniques in three independent tests with different ratios of disordered to ordered amino acid residues, and for sequences with either rich or limited evolutionary information. More importantly, semi-disordered regions predicted in SPOT-Disorder2 are more accurate in identifying molecular recognition features(MoRFs) than methods directly designed for MoRFs prediction. SPOT-Disorder2 is available as a web server and as a standalone program at https://***/server/spot-disorder2/.

关键词： Intrinsic disorder Molecular recognition feature Machine learning Deep learning Protein structure

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Antidiabetic activity of alcoholic leaves extract of Alangium lamarckii Thwaites on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第11期4卷 904-909页

作者： Rajesh Kumar Dinesh Kumar Pate Satyendra kuldip Prasad Kirshnamurthy Sairam Siva Hemalatha Department of Pharmaceutics Institute of TechnologyBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi-221005India

Objective:To investigate antidiabetic potential of alcoholic leaves extract of Alangium lamarekii (***) on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic ***:Oral glucose tolerance test was done by inducing hyperglycemic state via administration of glucose in water(2 g/kg).Single dose of alcoholic leaves extract ***(250 and 500 mg/kg,p.o.) were administered to normoglycemic,hyperglycemic *** 2 diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide(110 mg/kg) followed by streptozotocin(65 mg/kg).The study also included estimations of blood plasma glucose,lipid profile,liver glycogen,body weight and antioxidant status in normal and diabetic ***:Admistration of alcoholic extract of *** at two dosage 250 and 500 rag/kg,*** not showed any significant change in blood glucose level of normoglycemic rats(P>0.05).whereas,oral glucose tolerance test depicted reduction in blood glucose level(P<0.05).The streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats, significantly decreased the blood plasma glucose level(P<0.001) comparable to glibenclamide (10 mg/kg),restored the lipid profile and showed improvement in liver glycogen,body weight and antioxidant status in diabetic ***:Present finding demonstrated the significant antidiabetic activity of alcoholic leaves extract ***.

关键词： Alangium lamarckii Antidiabetic activity Glucose tolerance test Streptozotocin

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Reprogramming of the pig primordial germ cells into pluripotent stem cells: a brief review

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019年第1期6卷 28-32页

作者： Qijing LEI Qin PAN Shuai YU Na LI Shulin CHEN kuldip SIDHU Jinlian HUA College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering and Technology Northwest A&F University Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing UNSW Medicine

Primordial germ cells(PGCs) are regarded as unipotent cells that can produce only either spermatogonia or oocytes. However, PGCs can be converted into the pluripotent state by ?rst dedifferentiation to embryonic germ cells and then by reprogramming to induce them to become pluripotent stem cells(iPSCs). These two stages can be completely implemented with mouse cells. However, authentic porcine iPSCs have not been ***, we discuss recent advances in the stem cell ?eld for obtaining iPSCs from PGCs. This knowledge will provide some clues which will contribute to the regulation of reprogramming to pluripotency in farm species.

关键词： pig pluripotent stem cells primordial germ cells reprogramming

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印度对柳杉心材精油的化学研究

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生物质化学工程 1982年第11期 391-392页

作者： kuldip Bhatia 凌仲达

从日本引进的柳杉(Cryptomeria japonica),是一种常绿乔木,高达18.3—24.4米,在西孟加拉北部人工栽培成林。这片人工林位于海拔1500—2400米,但在海拔1800—2200米的地带生长最好。在日本,柳杉木材强度大,可作建筑材、造纸工业原料。树... 详细信息

从日本引进的柳杉(Cryptomeria japonica),是一种常绿乔木,高达18.3—24.4米,在西孟加拉北部人工栽培成林。这片人工林位于海拔1500—2400米,但在海拔1800—2200米的地带生长最好。在日本,柳杉木材强度大,可作建筑材、造纸工业原料。树叶和心材用水蒸汽蒸馏可得到挥发性精油,并作了化学检验;流出的树脂内含丰富的有

关键词：柳杉日本精油木材萜类化合物无机非金属材料心材柳杉酚印度南亚

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