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Maternal Smoking During Pregnancy and Sudden Infant Death Using the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey: A Case-Case Study

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2011年第3期2卷 318-324页

作者： Kathleen F Brookfield James D Wilkinson Barbara Luke kristopher arheart Eleni Sfakianaki 不详

We utilized data from the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey (NMHIS) to analyze the risk of SIDS and other infant deaths among women who smoke during pregnancy adjusting for potentially modifiable risk factors such as secondhand smoke exposure and breastfeeding. The following variables were assessed with respect to risk for SIDS and other infant deaths: smoking exposure, level of education, infant and maternal age, infant and maternal birthweight, maternal BMI, gender, secondhand smoke exposure, breast feeding, prenatal vitamins, WIC, multiple gestation, sleep apnea monitor prescription, sleep apnea incidents and maternal alcohol use. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify variables significantly associated with the odds of mortality from SIDS. Analysis utilized weighted estimates using SUDAAN 9.0.0 to adjust for design effects. A p-value <0.01 was considered statistically significant. Women who smoked during pregnancy were 1.83 times more likely to give birth to an infant that died from SIDS versus some other cause of death, OR (95%) = 1.83(1.33, 2.51). Other Race infants and Black infants were more likely to suffer SIDS mortality than White infants, but the result was not significant in the final model. Other modifiable risk factors, such as secondhand smoke exposure and breast feeding, were not significant predictors of SIDS mortality. Independent of sociodemographic variables and other potential risk factors for SIDS death, maternal smoking was associated with an increased risk of SIDS death versus other death. This study highlights the importance of screening all pregnant women for tobacco use and emphasizes the importance of smoking cessation to decrease the risk of infant death from SIDS.

关键词： Sudden Infant Death Smoking Pregnancy Passive Smoking Breastfeeding

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Does ischemia-free machine perfusion lead to early allograft dysfunction (EAD) free liver transplantation?

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2024年第4期13卷 678-680页

作者： Hani M.Wadei kristopher P.Croome Division of Kidney and Pancreas Transplant Department of TransplantMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFLUSA Division of Transplant Surgery Department of TransplantMayo ClinicJacksonvilleFLUSA

Normothermic machine perfusion(NMP)is an innovative technique used in solid organ transplantation that involves perfusing the organ with specialized solution or leukocyte depleted red blood cells at near-normal body temperature aiming at mimicking physiological conditions,and providing optimal conditions for organ preservation which leads to reduced risk of ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI)when compared to the standard static cold storage(SCS)(1).One of the key advantages of NMP is its ability to assess the quality of the organ in real-time and assessment of the organ performance prior to *** continuously monitoring parameters such as blood flow,oxygen consumption,and lactate production,clinicians can evaluate the viability of the organ and make more informed decisions about its suitability for *** real-time assessment can help reduce the risk of transplanting organs that may not function optimally or have a higher likelihood of complications ***,NMP may expand the pool of donor organs by allowing for the use of organs that may have been deemed marginal or unsuitable for transplantation using traditional methods(1,2).

关键词： Early allograft dysfunction(EAD) normothermic machine perfusion(NMP) liver transplant outcomes

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麻醉科住院医师通常不能恰当使用2007美国心脏病学会／美国心脏协会（ACC／AHA）指南评估模拟患者

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麻醉与镇痛 2013年第4期9卷 41-51页

作者： Michael M. Vigoda BobbieJean Sweitzer Nikola Miljkovic kristopher L. arheart Shari Mes singer Keith Candiotti David Lubarsky 赵燕君(译) Department of Anesthesiology Division of Biostatistics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida Department of Epidemiology & Public Health Division of Biostatistics University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida Department of Anesthesiology University of Chicago Chicago Illinois Department of Anesthesiology University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha Nebraska 不详

背景2007美国心脏病学会／美国心脏协会（American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, ACC/AHA）有关围术期心脏评估与非心脏手术医疗保障的指南是围术期心脏评估的公认标准。麻醉培训计划要求教授这些评估方法。我们... 详细信息

背景2007美国心脏病学会／美国心脏协会（American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association, ACC/AHA）有关围术期心脏评估与非心脏手术医疗保障的指南是围术期心脏评估的公认标准。麻醉培训计划要求教授这些评估方法。我们评估了美国全国范围内麻醉科住院医师在评估临床常见场景下模拟患者时能够正确使用ACC／AHA指南所建议的测试评估方法的百分比人数。方法24所培训机构中的麻醉科住院医师志愿者参加，设置以外科手术、患者危险因素和患者功能能力为特征的6种场景。均随机分配所有场景和针对每种场景的5种推荐建议。分配之前，美国24所不同培训机构的高级麻醉医师与2007年ACC／AHA指南的第一作者一同确认该网络调查的推荐建议恰当。结果参加的548名住院医师占美国麻醉科培训医师的12％，包括48名PGY-1S（麻醉专科培训前第一年）、166名临床麻醉工作一年的住院医师（CA-1）、161名CA-2s和173名CA-3s。评估活动性心脏病的患者时，建议的评估与指南一致的住院医师为78％（95％可信上限）。然后，在剩余的5种场景中，给出恰当建议的住院医师为46％（95％可信上限）。结论结果显示，美国全国范围内不足一半的麻醉科住院医师能够正确地应用术前心脏评估标准的方法。必须进一步研究来阐明正确的干预措施，如决策支持工具的应用、增加常规使用指南的清晰度、调整教育计划和（或）负责教员更熟悉该教材。

关键词：美国心脏协会美国心脏病学会住院医师评估方法麻醉科指南患者模拟

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An electropenetrography waveform library for the probing and ingestion behaviors of Culex tarsalis on human hands

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1165-1186页

作者： Anastasia M.W.Cooper Samuel B.Jameson Victoria Pickens Cameron Osborne Elaine A.Backus kristopher Silver Dana N.Mitzel Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Department of Tropical Medicine Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLos AngelesUSA USDA Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCaliforniaUSA National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility USDA Agricultural Research ServiceManhattanKansasUSA

Culex tarsalis Coquillett(Diptera:Culicidae)mosquitoes are capable of vectoring numerous pathogens affecting public and animal ***,the probing behaviors of mosquitoes are poorly understood because they occur in opaque ***(EPG)has the potential to elucidate these behaviors by recording the electrical signals generated during *** used an AC–DC EPG with variable input resistors(Ri levels)to construct a waveform library for *** feeding on human *** events associated with mosquito probing were used to characterize waveforms at four Ri levels and with two electrical current *** optimal settings for EPG recordings of *** probing on human hands was an Ri level of 10^(7)Ohms using an applied signal of 150 millivolts alternating *** for *** included those previously observed and associated with probing behaviors in Aedes aegypti L.(Diptera:Culicidae):waveform families J(surface salivation),K(stylet penetration through the skin),L(types 1 and 2,search for a blood vessel/ingestion site),M(types 1 and 2,ingestion),N(type 1,an unknown behavior which may be a resting and digestion phase),and W(withdrawal).However,we also observed variations in the waveforms not described in ***,which we named types L3,M3,M4,and *** investigation enhances our understanding of mosquito probing *** also provides a new tool for the automated calculation of peak *** work will facilitate future pathogen acquisition and transmission studies and help identify new pest and disease management targets.

关键词： AC-DC blood feeders electrical penetration graph EPG human hands mosquitoes waveform library

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Cardiometabolic health among gastric bypass surgery patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome

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World Journal of Diabetes 2013年第3期4卷 64-69页

作者： Carley A Gomez-Meade Adriana Carrillo Gabriela Lopez-Mitnik Sarah E Messiah kristopher L arheart Nestor de la Cruz-Muoz Division of Pediatric Endocrinology Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFL 33130United States Division of Pediatric Clinical Research Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFL 33130United States Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Sciences Division of BiostatisticsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFL 33130United States Department of Surgery University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFL 33130United States

AIM:To examine the effect of gastric bypass surgery on cardiometabolic health among women with polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS).METHODS:Retrospective medical chart review identified women(n = 389) with PCOS who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery from 2001-2009 in one surgical *** repeated measures linear mixed models were fit using the MIXED procedureto assess mean change in cardiometabolic disease risk factors from before to 1-year after surgery and were evaluated by ethnicity [Hispanic,non-Hispanic black(NHB) and white(NHW)].RESULTS:The majority of the sample was Hispanic(66%,25% NHB,9% NHW).Mean body mass index significantly improved 1 year post-surgery for all ethnic groups(45.5 to 35.5 kg/m2 for Hispanics,46.8 to 37.7 kg/m2 for NHB and 45.7 to 36.7 kg/m2 for NHW,P < 0.001).Among Hispanic women mean total cholesterol(198.1 to 160.2 mg/dL),low-density lipoproteins(LDL) cholesterol(120.9 to 91.0 mg/dL),triglycerides(148.6 to 104.8 mg/dL),hemoglobin A1c(6.2% to 5.6%),alanine aminotransferase(28.1 to 23.0 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase(23.5 to 21.6 U/L) decreased significantly(P < 0.001).Among NHB,mean total cholesterol(184.5 to 154.7 mg/dL),LDL cholesterol(111.7 to 88.9 mg/dL) and triglycerides(99.7 to 70.0 mg/dL) decreased significantly(P < 0.05).Among NHW,mean total cholesterol(200.9 to 172.8 mg/dL) and LDL cholesterol(124.2 to 96.6 mg/dL),decreased significantly(P < 0.05).Pairwise ethnic group comparisons of all cardiometabolic outcomes adjusted for age and type of surgery before and 1 year after surgery showed no statistical difference between the three groups for any ***:Cardiometabolic disease risk improvements vary by ethnicity and obesity may impact glucose tolerance and liver function changes more in Hispanic women with PCOS vs non-Hispanic women.

关键词： Bariatric surgery Polycystic ovary syndrome Cardiometabolic outcomes Weight outcomes Morbid obesity

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Obesity and cardiometabolic disease risk factors among US adolescents with disabilities

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World Journal of Diabetes 2015年第1期6卷 200-207页

作者： Sarah E Messiah Denise C Vidot Gabriel Somarriba Kanathy Haney Semra Aytur Ruby A Natale Jeffrey P Brosco kristopher L arheart Division of Pediatric Clinical Research Department of Pediatrics University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine Department of Public Health Sciences University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine Department of Health Management and Policy University of New Hampshire Department of Pediatrics Mailman Center for Childhood Development University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine Mailman Center for Childhood Development Department of Pediatrics University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine

AIM: To generate prevalence estimates of weight status and cardiometabolic disease risk factors among adolescents with and without ***: Analysis of the 1999-2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data was conducted among 12-18 years old with(n = 256) and without disabilities(n = 5020). Mean values of waist circumference, fasting glucose, high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and metabolic syndrome(Met S, ≥ 3 risk factors present) were examined by the following standardized body mass index(BMI) categories for those with and without disabilities; overweight(BMI ≥ 85th- < 95 th percentile for age and sex), obesity(BMI ≥ 95 th percentile) and severe obesity(BMI ≥35 kg/m2). Linear regression models were fit with each cardiometabolic disease risk factor independently as continuous outcomes to show relationships with disability status. RESULTS: Adolescents with disabilities were significantlymore likely to be overweight(49.3%), obese(27.6%) and severely obese(12%) vs their peers without disabilities(33.1%, 17.5% and 3.6%, respectively, P ≤ 0.01 for all). A higher proportion of overweight, obese and severely obese children with disabilities had abnormal SBP, fasting lipids and glucose as well as Met S(18.9% of overweight, 32.3% of obese, 55% of severely obese) vs their peers without disabilities(9.7%, 16.8%, 36.3%, respectively). US adolescents with disabilities are over three times as likely to have Met S(OR = 3.45, 95%CI: 1.08-10.99, P = 0.03) vs their peers with no ***: Results show that adolescents with disabilities are disproportionately affected by obesity and poor cardiometabolic health vs their peers with no disabilities. Health care professionals should monitor the cardiometabolic health of adolescents with disabilities.

关键词： Adolescents Children Disability Obesity Cardiometabolic Disease risk

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Effect of ethnicity on weight loss among adolescents 1 year after bariatric surgery

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World Journal of Diabetes 2013年第5期4卷 202-209页

作者： Sarah E Messiah Gabriela Lopez-Mitnik Deborah Winegar Bintu Sherif kristopher L arheart Kirk W Reichard Marc P Michalsky Steven E Lipshultz Tracie L Miller Alan S Livingstone Nestor de la Cruz-Muoz Division of Pediatric Clinical Research Department of PediatricsDepartment of Public Health SciencesUniversity of Miami Leonard M Miller School of MedicineMiami Division of Pediatric Clinical Research Department of PediatricsDepartment of Public Health SciencesDivision of BiostatisticsUniversity of Miami Leonard M Miller School of MedicineMiami Surgical Review Corporation Department of Surgery Nemours Alfred I.DuPont Hospital for Children Department of Pediatric Surgery Nationwide Children's Hospital The Ohio State University College of Medicine Department of Surgery University of Miami Leonard M Miller School of Medicine

AIM:To investigate whether or not bariatric surgeryweight outcomes vary by ethnicity in a large,nationally representative sample of ***:The Bariatric Outcomes Longitudinal Database was used for analysis and contains data on surgeries performed on adolescents from 2004 to 2010from 423 surgeons at 360 facilities across the United States Adolescents(n=827)between 11 and 19 years old who underwent either gastric bypass or adjustable gastric banding surgery were included in the *** measures included changes in anthropometric measurements[weight(kg)and body mass index]from baseline to 3(n=739),6(n=512),and 12(n=247)mo after ***:A year after patients underwent either gastric bypass(51%)or adjustable gastric banding(49%)surgery,mean estimated weight loss for all ethnic groups differed by a maximum of only 1.5 kg,being34.3 kg(95%CI:30.0-38.5 kg)for Hispanics,33.8 kg(95%CI:27.3-40.3 kg)for non-Hispanic blacks,and32.8 kg(95%CI:30.9-34.7 kg)for non-Hispanic *** overall pairwise group comparisons were significant,indicating that no ethnic group had better weight loss outcomes than did ***:Bariatric surgery substantially reduces the weight of severely obese adolescents at 1 year post-procedure with little variation by ethnicity and/or *** results suggest that bariatric surgery is a safe and reasonable treatment for all severely obese adolescents with the appropriate indications.

关键词： Bariatric surgery Gastric bypass surgery Adjustable gastric band surgery Adolescents Severe obesity Ethnicity Weight loss

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Comparison and Improvement of the Computational Efficiencies of Two FFT-Based Iterative Solution Methods for the Scalar Multiple-Scattering Equation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2009年第1期5卷 108-125页

作者： kristopher T.Kim Electromagnetic Scattering Branch Sensors DirectorateAir Force Research LaboratoryHanscom AFBMA 01731-3010USA

We consider two existing FFT-based fast-convolution iterative solution techniques for the scalar T-matrix multiple-scattering equation[1].The use of the FFT operation requires field values be expressed on a regular Cartesian grid and the two techniques differ in how to go about achieving *** first technique[6,7]uses the nondiagonal translation operator[1,9]of the spherical multipole field,while the second method[11]uses the diagonal translation operator of Rokhlin[10].Because of its use of the non-diagonal translator,the first technique has been thought to require a greater number of spatial convolutions than the second *** establish that the first method requires only half as many convolution operations as the second method for a comparable numerical accuracy and demonstrate,based on an actual CPU time comparison,that it can therefore perform iterations faster than the second *** then consider the respective symmetry relations of the non-diagonal and diagonal translators and discuss a memory-reduction procedure for both FFT-based *** this procedure,we need to store only the minimum sets of near-field and far-field translation operators and generate missing elements on the fly using the symmetry *** show that the relative cost of generating the missing elements becomes smaller as the number of scatterers increases.

关键词： Multiple scattering iterative method FFT symmetry

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Subspace Methods in Multi-Parameter Seismic Full Waveform Inversion

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Communications in Computational Physics 2020年第6期28卷 228-248页

作者： Yu Geng kristopher A.Innanen Wenyong Pan Department of Geosciences CREWES ProjectUniversity of CalgaryAlberta T2N 1N4Canada Department of Geoscience CREWES ProjectUniversity of CalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Los Alamos National Laboratory Geophysics GroupMS D452Los AlamosNM 87545USA

In full waveform inversion(FWI)high-resolution subsurface model param-eters are *** is normally treated as a nonlinear least-squares inverse problem,in which the minimum of the corresponding misfit function is found by updating the model *** multiple elastic or acoustic properties are solved for,simple gradient methods tend to confuse parameter *** is referred to as parameter cross-talk;it leads to incorrect model solutions,poor convergence and strong dependence on the scaling of the different parameter *** step lengths in a subspace domain,rather than directly in terms of gradients of different parameters,is a potentially valuable approach to address this *** particular subspace used can be defined over a span of different sets of data or different parameter classes,provided it involves a small number of vectors compared to those contained in the whole model *** a subspace method,the basis vectors are defined first,and a local min-imum is found in the space spanned by *** examine the application of the sub-space method within acoustic FWI in determining simultaneously updates for velocity and *** first discuss the choice of basis vectors to construct the spanned space,from linear updates by distinguishing only the contributions of different parameter classes towards nonlinear updates by adding the contributions of higher-order pertur-bations of each parameter *** numerical character of FWI solutions generated via subspace methods involving different basis vectors is then analyzed and compared with traditional FWI *** subspace methods can provide better reconstructions of the model,especially for the velocity,as well as improved convergence rates,while the computational costs are still comparable with the traditional FWI methods.

关键词： Waveform inversion inverse problem subspace method

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Lethal giant larvae gene is required for normal nymphal development and midgut morphogenesis in Locusta migratoria

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Insect Science 2022年第4期29卷 1017-1029页

作者： Xuekai Shi Xiaojian Liu kristopher Silver Kun Yan Zhu Jianzhen Zhang Institute of Applied Biology Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina College of Life Science Shanxi UniversityTaiyuanShanxiChina Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA

Disruption of morphogenesis,an essential process in organismal development,can lead to disruption of biological processes,reduction in fitness,or even death of an *** roles of lethal giant larvae(Lgl)protein in maintaining tissue organization have been studied extensively in mammals,but little is known about this gene's roles in promoting correct tissue morphogenesis in *** this study,we identified an Lgl ortholog in Locusta ***-qPCR results revealed that LmLgl was constitutively expressed during third,fourth,and fifth instar ***,LmLgl showed highest expression in the ovary followed by wing pads,midgut,hindgut,Malpighian tubules,and foregut of the third-instar *** examine the role of LmLgl in *** development,RNA interference was performed during nymphal *** of LmLgl increased body size but decreased bodyweight by 9.0%.Histological sections of the midgut revealed abnormal large masses of disordered epithelial cells in dsLmLgl-injected *** addition,downregulation of LmLgl transcript levels significantly altered the morphological structure in midgut,resulting in the formation of tumor-like *** results indicated that LmLgl may act as a tumor-suppressor gene,which plays an essential role in maintaining a normal morphological structure in the midgut of *** results also suggest that LmLgl may be explored as a potential target for developing dsRNA-based biological pesticides for managing insect pests.

关键词： development lethal giant larvae Locusita migratoria midgut morphogenesis RNA interference

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