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Sequence-discrete species for prokaryotes and other microbes:A historical perspective and pending issues

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mLife 2023年第4期2卷 341-349页

作者： konstantinos T.Konstantinidis School of Civil and Environmental Engineering and School of Biological SciencesGeorgia Institute of TechnologyAtlantaGeorgiaUSA

Whether prokaryotes,and other microorganisms,form distinct clusters that can be recognized as species remains an issue of paramount theoretical as well as practical consequence in identifying,regulating,and communicating about these *** the past decade,comparisons of thousands of genomes of isolates and hundreds of metagenomes have shown that prokaryotic diversity may be predominantly organized in such sequence-discrete clusters,albeit organisms of intermediate relatedness between the identified clusters are also frequently *** evidence suggests,however,that the latter“intermediate”organisms show enough ecological and/or functional distinctiveness to be considered different ***,the area of discontinuity between clusters often—but not always—appears to be around 85%–95%genome-average nucleotide identity,consistently among different *** recent studies have revealed remarkably similar diversity patterns for viruses and microbial eukaryotes as *** high consistency across taxa implies a specific mechanistic process that underlies the maintenance of the *** underlying mechanism may be a substantial reduction in the efficiency of homologous recombination,which mediates(successful)horizontal gene transfer,around 95%nucleotide *** from the 95%threshold(e.g.,species showing lower intraspecies diversity)may be caused by ecological differentiation that imposes barriers to otherwise frequent gene *** this hypothesis that clusters are driven by ecological differentiation coupled to recombination frequency(i.e.,higher recombination within *** groups)is appealing,the supporting evidence remains *** data needed to rigorously test the hypothesis toward advancing the species concept are also outlined.

关键词： average nucleotide identity(ANI) genomovar homologous recombination metagenomics strain

Comment on “Disease exacerbation is common in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for malignancy”

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第23期10卷 8425-8427页

作者： konstantinos Argyriou Athanasios Kotsakis Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital of LarisaLarisa GR41334Greece Department of Medical Oncology School of MedicineUniversity Hospital of LarisaLarisa GR41334Greece

We recently read with interest the original research article entitled"Disease exacerbation is common in inflammatory bowel disease patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors for malignancy".The abovementioned article is an observational retrospective cohort study,which could be of particular value for clinicians to understand how immunotherapy affects pre-existing enteral disease in inflammatory bowel disease *** we appreciate the endeavor of Samuel Rubin et al,based on our in-depth analysis,we detected a potential shortcoming in this article;thus,we present our comments in this *** the authors contemplate these comments on their relevant research,we believe that their contribution would be considerable for future studies.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Immune-related adverse events Immune checkpoint inhibitors Immunotherapy Malignancy

Adrenal ganglioneuroma:What you need to know

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2017年第10期5卷 373-377页

作者： konstantinos S Mylonas Dimitrios Schizas konstantinos P Economopoulos Division of Pediatric Surgery Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School Surgery Working Group Society of Junior Doctors First Department of Surgery Laiko General HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of Athens Department of Surgery Duke University Medical Center

Adrenal ganglioneuromas(GNs) constitute rare,differentiated tumors which originate from neural crest cells. GNs are usually hormonally silent and tend to be discovered incidentally on imaging tests. Adrenalectomy is the gold standard for the treatment of primary adrenal GNs. Nevertheless,preoperative differential diagnosis of GNs remains extremely challenging,and thus histopathological examination is required in order to confirm the diagnosis of GN. Overall,prognosis after surgical resection seems to be excellent,without any recurrences or need for adjuvant therapy.

关键词： Ganglioneuroma Neurogenic tumors Neural crest Adrenalectomy

Noise and vibration from transportation

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2021年第1期22卷 1-5页

作者： Georges KOUROUSSIS Sheng-yang ZHU konstantinos VOGIATZIS Department of Theoretical Mechanics Dynamics and VibrationsUniversity of Mons7000Belgium Train and Track Research Institute State Key Laboratory of Traction PowerSouthwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China Laboratory of Transportation Environmental Acoustics(LTEA) University of ThessalyVolos 8334Greece

Nowadays,railway ranks as an environmentally friendly and sustainable form of transport associated with a continuously expanding *** success,often considered as the second"golden age"of rail,induces a vision of trains that should be quiet and vibrationless(Connolly et al.,2016;Vogiatzis and Kouroussis,2017b).However,numerous environmental technical challenges are associated with railway infrastructure,including the assessment of urban railway vibrations and noise(Vogiatzis and Kouroussis,2017a).

关键词： railway expanding continuously

Correlation of computed tomography findings and lung function in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2021年第3期17卷 221-226页

作者： Andrew Fretzayas Ioanna Loukou Maria Moustaki konstantinos Douros School of Medicine National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece Department of Pediatrics Athens Medical Center5-7 Distomou str15125 MarousiGreece Department of Cystic Fibrosis “Agia Sofia”Children’s HospitalAthensGreece

Background The timely and appropriate monitoring of pulmonary status is of utmost importance for patients with cystic fibrosis(CF).Computed tomography(CT)has been used in clinical and research settings for tracking lung involvement in CF ***,as CT delivers a considerable amount of radiation,its sequential use in CF patients remains a *** application of CT,therefore,should take into account its potential *** review aims to understand whether and to what extent the CT findings correlate with the findings from other monitoring tools in CF lung *** sources PubMed was searched for articles about the correlation of chest CT findings with spirometric indices and with lung clearance index in children and adolescents with *** most relevant articles were reviewed and are presented *** Most studies have shown that forced expiratory volume in the first second(FEV,)and other spirometric indices correlate moderately with CT structural lung ***,at the individual level,there were patients with FEV,within the normal range and abnormal CT and vice ***,longitudinal studies have indicated that the deterioration of structural lung damage does not occur in parallel with the progression of lung *** clearance index is a better predictor of CT *** In general,the existing studies do not support the use of lung function tests as surrogates of chest CT.

关键词： Computed tomography Computed tomography score Cystic fibrosis Lung clearance index Lung function Spirometry

Intraoperative cholangiography 2020:Quo vadis? A systematic review of the literature

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第2期21卷 145-153页

作者： konstantinos Georgiou Gabriel Sandblom Nicholas Alexakis Lars Enochsson First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery Hippokration General Hospital of AthensAthens Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 10679Greece Department of Clinical Science and Education Department of SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetSödersjukhusetStockholm 17177SESweden Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences SurgeryUmeåUniversityUmeå90187SESweden

Background: There are few randomized controlled trials with sufficient statistical power to assess the effectiveness of intraoperative cholangiography(IOC) in the detection and treatment of common bile duct injury(BDI) or retained stones during cholecystectomy. The best evidence so far regarding IOC and reduced morbidity related to BDI and retained common bile duct stones was derived from large populationbased cohort studies. Population-based studies also have the advantage of reflecting the outcome of the procedure as it is practiced in the community at large. However, the outcomes of these population-based studies are conflicting. Data sources: A systematic literature search was conducted in 2020 to search for articles that contained the terms “bile duct injury”, “critical view of safety”, “bile duct imaging” or “retained stones” in combination with IOC. All identifed references were screened to select population-based studies and observational studies from large centers where socioeconomic or geographical selections were assumed not to cause selection bias. Results: The search revealed 273 references. A total of 30 articles fulflled the criteria for a large observational study with minimal risk for selection bias. The majority suggested that IOC reduces morbidity associated with BDI and retained common bile duct stones. In the short term, IOC increases the cost of surgery. However, this is offset by reduced costs in the long run since BDI or retained stones detected during surgery are managed immediately. Conclusions: IOC reduces morbidity associated with BDI and retained common bile duct stones. The reports reviewed are derived from large, unselected populations, thereby providing a high external validity. However, more studies on routine and selective IOC with well-defned outcome measures and sufficient statistical power are needed.

关键词： Cholangiography Cholecystectomy Bile duct stones Bile duct injury Cost

Atypical anastomotic malignancies of small bowel after subtotal gastrectomy with BillorthⅡgastroenterostomy for peptic ulcer:Report of three cases and review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2018年第7期10卷 194-201页

作者： Efstathios Kotidis Orestis Ioannidis Manousos George Pramateftakis konstantinos Christou Ioannis Kanellos konstantinos Tsalis Fourth Surgical Department Medical SchoolAristotle University of ThessalonikiThessaloniki 57010Greece

AIM To present patients who developed small-bowel malignancy at the level of the gastrointestinal anastomosis decades after a subtotal gastrectomy for ulcer,to review relevant literature,and to attempt to interpret the reasons those cancers developed to these postsurgical non-gastric *** For the current retrospective study and review of literature,the surgical and histopathological records dated from January 1,1993 to December 31,2017 of our department were examined,searching for patients who have undergone surgical treatment of small-bowel malignancy to identify those who have undergone subtotal gastrectomy for benign peptic ulcer.A systematic literature search was also conducted using Pub Med,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library to identify similar *** We identified three patients who had developed smallintestine malignancy at the level of the gastrointestinal anastomosis decades after a subtotal gastrectomy with Billroth Ⅱ gastroenterostomy for benign peptic ulcertwo patients with adenocarcinoma originated in the Braun anastomosis and one patient with lymphoma of the efferent *** three patients were submitted to surgical resection of the tumor with Roux-en-Y reconstruction of the digestive *** the literature review,we only found one case of primary small-intestinal cancer that originated in the efferent loop after Billroth Ⅱ gastrectomy because of duodenal ulcer but none reporting Braun anastomosis adenocarcinoma following partial gastrectomy for benign *** also did not find any case of efferent loop lymphoma following *** Anastomotic gastric cancer following distal gastrectomy for peptic ulcer is a well-established clinical ***,malignancies of the afferent or efferent loop of the gastrointestinal anastomosis are extremely *** substantial diversion of the potent carcinogenic pancreaticobiliary secretions through the Braun anastomosis and the stomach hypochlorhydria,allowing the formation of carci

关键词： Anastomotic cancer Efferent loop Braun anastomosis Adenocarcinoma Anaplastic large cell lymphoma

SIMAP500: A novel risk score to identify recipients at higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence following liver transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 132-143页

作者： Amr Alnagar Nekisa Zakeri konstantinos Koilias Rosemary E Faulkes Rachel Brown Owen Cain M Thamara P R Perera Keith J Roberts Rebeca Sanabria-Mateos David C Bartlett Yuk Ting Ma Shivan Sivakumar Shishir Shetty Tahir Shah Bobby V M Dasari Department of HBP and Liver Transplantation Surgery Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Centre for Liver Research Institute of Biomedical ResearchBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Department of Hepatology Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Department of Oncology Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals of BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)following liver transplantation(LT)has a devastating influence on recipients’survival;however,the risk of recur-rence is not routinely *** stratification is vital with a long LT waiting time,as that could influence the recurrence despite strict listing *** This study aims to identify predictors of recurrence and develop a novel risk pre-diction score to forecast HCC recurrence following *** A retrospective review of LT for HCC recipients at University Hospitals Bir-mingham between July 2011 and February *** and multivariate analyses were performed to identify recurrence predictors,based on which the novel SIMAP500(satellite nodules,increase in size,microvascular invasion,AFP>500,poor differentiation)risk score was *** 234 LTs for HCC were performed with a median follow-up of 5.3 *** developed in 25 patients(10.7%).On univariate analyses,RETREAT score>3,α-fetoprotein(AFP)at listing 100-500 and>500,bridging,increased tumour size between imaging at the listing time and explant histology,increase in the size of viable tumour between listing and explant,presence of satellite nodules,micro-and macrovascular invasion on explant and poor differentiation of tumours were significantly associated with recurrence,based on which,the SIMAP500 risk score is *** SIMAP500 demonstrated an excellent predictive ability(c-index=0.803)and outper-formed the RETREAT score(c-index=0.73).SIMAP500 is indicative of the time to disease *** SIMAP500 risk score identifies the LT recipients at risk of HCC *** stratification allows patient-centric post-transplant surveillance *** validation of the score is recommended.

关键词： Liver transplantation Hepatocellular carcinoma Recurrence Survival

COVID-19 and hyperglycemia/diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2021年第5期12卷 642-650页

作者： konstantinos Michalakis Ioannis Ilias Private Practice Athens GR-11521Greece Department of Endocrinology Diabetes and MetabolismElena Venizelou HospitalAthens GR-11521Greece

In early studies regarding coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),type 2 diabetes mellitus was considered to contribute substantially to the disease’s inflammatory ***,even hyperglycemia,regardless of insulin resistance or diabetes mellitus,was found to be additionally *** studies have shown inflammation of the pancreaticβcells in COVID-19,even leading to new onset diabetes *** hereby summarize core literature on glycemia and COVID-19,and present implicated pathways and mechanisms.

关键词： COVID-19 Humans SARS-CoV-2 Risk factors Glucose Inflammation Diabetes