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Antimicrobial,antiplasmodial,haemolytic and antioxidant activities of crude extracts from three selected Togolese medicinal plants

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第10期4卷 808-813页

作者： Simplice D Karou Tchadjobo Tchacondo Lassina Ouattara kokou anani Aly Savadogo Amegnona Agbonon Mossaclok Ben Attaia Comlan de Souza Mohsen Sakly Jacques Simpore Centre de Recherche et de Formation sur les Plantes Medicinales(CERFOPLAM) Universite de LomeTogo Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA/LABIOGENE) OuagadougouBurkina Faso Centre de Recherche en Sciences Biologiques Alimentaires et Nutritionnelles(CRSBAN)Universite de OuagadougouBurkina Faso Laboratoire de Biosurveillance de l'Environnement Facultes des Sciences de BizerteUniversite 7 Novembre a CarthageTunisTunisie

Objective:To investigate the antioxidant,antimicrobial,antiplasmodial,acute toxicity and haemolytic activities of methanolic extracts of three *** analysis to determine the phenolic contents was also carried ***:The 2,2-diphenyl-1- picryl-hydrazyl（DPPH） free radical scavenging,NCCLS broth microdilution and Plasmodium Lactate Dehydrogenase（pLDH） assays were used to determine antioxidant,antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities,*** assay was conducted on A+ human red blood cells and acute toxicity on male Swiss albino *** were quantitatively determined using spectrophotometric ***:The DPPH assay yielded interesting antioxidant activities of methanolic extract of Parinari curatellifolia（***） and Entada africana （***）(IC50 were 0.20±0.01μg/mL and 0.47±0.01μg/mL,respectively).This activity was highly correlated with phenolic contents of *** antimicrobial tests displayed minimal inhibitory concentrations（MICs） values ranging from 0.90 to 1.80 mg/mL for Serratia marcescens （***） the most susceptible bacterial *** value was 1.20 mg/mL for susceptible fungal strains including Mucor rouxi（***）,Fusarium oxyporum（***） and Rhizopus nigricans（***）.pLDH assay showed moderate antiplasmodial activity of Balanites aegyptiaca（***）(IC50= 24.56±3.45μg/mL),however this extract was highly haemolytic and toxic in mice(LD50= 625±128mg/kg).Conclusions:Our results support in part the use of the selected plants in the treatment of microbial *** addition the plant showed interesting antioxidant activity that could be useful in the management of oxidative stress.

关键词： Antioxidant Antimicrobial Phenolics Haemolytic

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Epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of bacterial meningitis in Dapaong,northern Togo

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2012年第11期5卷 848-852页

作者： Simplice D Karou Abago Balaka Mitiname Bamok Damhan Tchelougou Malki Assih kokou anani Kodjo Agbonoko Jacques Simpore Comlan de Souza Ecole Superieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires(ESTBA-UL) Universit de LomTogo Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA/LABIOGENE) OuagadougouBurkina Faso Faculte Mixte de Medecine et de Pharmacie(FMMP-UL) Universit de LomTogo Centre Hospitalier Regional(CHR)de Dapaong Togo

Objective:To assess the seasonality of the bacterial meningitis and the antibiotic resistance of incriminated bacteria over the last three years in the northern ***:From January 2007 to January 2010,533 cerebrospinal fluids(CSF) samples were collected from patients suspected of meningitis in the Regional Hospital of Dapaong(northern Togo).After microscopic examination,samples were cultured for bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility. Results:The study included 533 patients(306 male and 227 female) aged from 1 day to 55 years [average age(13.00±2.07) years].Bacterial isolation and identification were attempted for 254/533 (47.65%) *** bacteria]species identified were:Neisseria meningitidis A(*** A)(58.27%),Neisseria meningitidis W135(N,meningitidis W135)(7.09%),Streptococcus pneumoniae(***)(26.77%),Haemophilus influenza B(*** B)(6.30%) and Enterobacteriaceae(1.57%).The results indicated that bacterial meningitis occur from November to May with a peak in February for *** and *** and March for Neisseriaceae. The distribution of positive CSF with regards to the age showed that subjects between 6 and 12 years followed by subjects of 0 to 5 years were most affected with respective frequencies of 67.82%and 56.52%(P20%for both bacterial strains),macrolides(resistance rate>30%for ***) quinolones(resistance rate>15% for *** and *** W135).Over three years,the prevalence of *** significantly increased from 8.48%to 73.33%(P<0.001),while the changes in the prevalence of *** B were not statistically significant:4.24%,vs.8.89%,(P= 0.233).Conclusions: Our results indicate that data in African countries differ depending on geographical location in relation to the African meningitis *** underlines the impo

关键词： Meningitis Bacteria Antibiotics Cerebrospinal fluid Togo

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Antimicrobial resistance of abnormal vaginal discharges microorganisms in Ouagadougou,Burkina Faso

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2012年第4期2卷 294-297页

作者： Simplice D Karou Florencia Djigma Tani Sagna Christelle Nadembega Moctar Zeba Aboudoulaye Kabre kokou anani Djeneba Ouermi Charlemagne Gnoula Virginio Pietra Salvatore Pignatelli Jacques Simpore Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni(CERBA) Ecole Supericure des Techniques Alimentaires et Biologiques(ESTBA-UL) Université de Lomé Centre Medical Saint Camille de Ouagadougou

Objective:To assess the prevalence of bacterial strains and fungal strains infecting the vaginal tract and test their sensitivity to antibiotics in women attending Saint Camille Medical Centre in ***:From January 2008 to December 2009,a total of 2000 vaginal swabs were cultivated for bacterial and fungal identification and ***,bacterial strains were tested for their susceptibility to several antibiotics used in routine in the centre. Results:The results revealed that microbial isolation and identification was attempted for 1536/2000 sample,a positivity rate of 76.80%.Candida albicans(48.76%),followed by Escherichia coli(16.67%),Streptococcus agalactiae(8-14%) and Staphylococcus aureus(7.55%) were the major agents of genital tract infections in *** hominis and Ureaplasma urealyticum combined accounted for less than 7%.Trichomonas vaginalis was identified in 1.04%*** antimicrobial tests revealed that the microorganisms developed resistance to several antibiotics including beta ***,antibiotics such as cefamenzol,ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin were still active on these ***:The results reveal that many sexually active women are infected by one or more microbial pathogens,probably because of the lock of hygiene or the adoption of some risky behaviors,such as not using condoms or having multiple sexual *** should be made to address these points in the country.

关键词： Bacteria Genital infections Antibiotics Mycoplasma Fungal strain Antimicrobial resistance Abnormal vaginal discharge Vaginal infection

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QoS-guaranteed packet scheduling in wireless networks

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The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications 2009年第2期16卷 63-67页

作者： ZHANG Deng-yin JIANG Juan anani Adi LI Hai-bo Institute of Signal Processing and Transmission Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications Nanjing 210003 China Department of Applied Physics and Electronics Umea University Umea 90187 Sweden

To guarantee the quality of service （QoS） of a wireless network, a new packet scheduling algorithm using cross-layer design technique is proposed in this article. First, the demand of packet scheduling for multimedia transmission in wireless networks and the deficiency of the existing packet scheduling algorithms are analyzed. Then the model of the QoS-gnaranteed packet scheduling （QPS） algorithm of high speed downlink packet access （HSDPA） and the cost function of packet transmission are designed. The calculation method of packet delay time for wireless channels is expounded in detail, and complete steps to realize the QPS algorithm are also given. The simulation results show that the QPS algorithm that provides the scheduling sequence of packets with calculated values can effectively improve the performance of delay and throughput.

关键词： packet scheduling QoS wireless network cross-layer design

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Efficiency and Productivity Analysis of Togo Banks

Efficiency and Productivity Analysis of Togo Banks

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作者： PLACCA Latekoe kokou Papagan 湖南大学

学位级别：硕士

近50年来,许多国家的银行机构都经历了全球化、放松管制化与自由化的过程。尤其在多哥,银行等金融机构已经成为储蓄与投资的最主要的中间渠道。提高金融机构,特别是银行的绩效,筹集更多的存款并将其投入到各种生产活动中去,不仅有利于... 详细信息

近50年来,许多国家的银行机构都经历了全球化、放松管制化与自由化的过程。尤其在多哥,银行等金融机构已经成为储蓄与投资的最主要的中间渠道。提高金融机构,特别是银行的绩效,筹集更多的存款并将其投入到各种生产活动中去,不仅有利于投资者的个人利益,而且对于整个国家经济的发展有重要的意义。目前,对于银行效率的研究大多数集中于对美国、欧洲和亚洲银行的研究,而对非洲地区的研究成果较少,而至今尚无针对多哥银行效率的研究。此外,一些关于多哥银行战略的研究结果显示,与其他国家的银行相比,多哥银行普遍存在生产率低、管理技能缺乏等问题。因此,对多哥银行业的效益和生产率的研究具有深刻的理论和现实意义。数据包络分析作为一种非参数方法已经被广泛应用于银行的绩效评价。本文考察了2000-2008年期间金融自由化对多哥银行效率的的影响,检验WAMU金融自由化是否会增加多哥商业银行的效益和生产率。考虑到数据的可用性,选择了7家多哥银行进行分析。由于决策单元数量较少,现有的DEA模型分辨率很低。因此,本文提出了一种基于"P-index Ⅱ"的Malmquist指数,用于评价多哥银行的技术效率、规模效率和全要素生产增长率实证结果表明：整个多哥银行业的全要素生产率有较大提高,且技术进步是生产力增长的重要来源。银行的规模对银行绩效的影响非常有限,金融自由化并没有提高多哥银行的技术效率。

关键词：数据包络分析多哥银行无效前沿面 Malmquist指数绩效评价

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Marjolin’s Ulcer at the Kara Teaching Hospital (Togo)

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Surgical Science 2022年第1期13卷 34-39页

作者： Tchaa Hodabalo Towoezim Tamegnon Dossouvi Yaovi Yanick Dellanh kokou Kanassoua Irokoura Kassegne Pio-Faré Gnandi anani Abalo Ekoué David Dosseh Department of Traumatology Teaching Hospital of Kara University of Kara Kara Togo Department of General Surgery Teaching Hospital of Kara University of Kara Kara Togo Department of Traumatology Regional Hospital of Sokodé University of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of General Surgery Regional Hospital of Kara University of Kara Kara Togo Department of Traumatology Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lomé-Togo University of Lomé Lomé Togo Department of General Surgery Sylvanus Olympio Teaching Hospital of Lomé-Togo University of Lomé Lomé Togo

Marjolin’s ulcer is an aggressive tumor that occurs on a chronic non-healing wounds or burn scars. It’s a rare disease. Histologically, it is most often a squamous cell carcinoma. The real frequency is not known. Its incidence would be higher in developing countries where ancestral beliefs and financial difficulties cause consultation delays. Thus the diagnosis is delayed, due in part to the lack or insufficiency of diagnostic means. Our study aimed to describe the epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic particularities through three cases treated in our center. The delay in consultation resulted in the death of one patient, while for the other two, amputation prevented the extension of the tumor. Limb amputation is increasingly rare in the management of Marjolin’s ulcer, but in our difficult conditions it is still widely practiced when the tumor is localized at the extremity of the limb, without signs of remote invasion.

关键词： Ulcer Marjolin Cancer Squamous Cell Carcinoma Amputation

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复杂性与非系统性风险——来自美国的银行持股公司的实证分析

复杂性与非系统性风险——来自美国的银行持股公司的实证分析

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作者： Makafui anani 厦门大学

学位级别：硕士

现有的文献在研究银行持股公司的复杂性和风险的关系问题上,忽略了对于来自国内与国外活动的复杂性的描述。本文重新研究了上述关系,着重强调了从2002年第一季度到2015年第四季度期间美国的银行持股公司的国内复杂性和来自其他活动(衍... 详细信息

现有的文献在研究银行持股公司的复杂性和风险的关系问题上,忽略了对于来自国内与国外活动的复杂性的描述。本文重新研究了上述关系,着重强调了从2002年第一季度到2015年第四季度期间美国的银行持股公司的国内复杂性和来自其他活动(衍生品和跨国行为)的复杂性。基于此目的,本文引入了一个多层次的方法来测量复杂性,并与银行持股公司的多样性程度相联系。本文数据来自于WRDS银行持股公司数据库中的统一数据和配对数据,Orbis Bank Focus数据库和Datastream.本文总体上证实了复杂性和风险的显著正相关关系。此研究挑战了银行持股公司的复杂性或许是好的这一观点,并与那些指出银行持股公司的复杂性增加了公司失败的几率的模型相一致。然而,研究结果在小型和大型的银行持股公司的样本中有所不同。对于小型的银行持股公司,随着国内复杂性的提高,它们愿意承担较高水平的风险。对于大型的银行持股公司,国内复杂性的提高增加了破产的风险,但另一方面又减少了他们收入的波动性。从其他活动中而来的复杂性对于小型和大型的银行持股公司而言都有负面的影响。非利息收入的多元化对于大型银行持股公司来说是中等风险的,但另一方面,经本文研究证实,参与多余的非利息活动会增加复杂性对大型银行持股公司的风险的负面影响。所以,大型银行持股公司应该参与适量的非利息活动。对于小型银行持股公司而言,目前没有证据表明非利息活动多元化会对它们的风险产生重大影响。本文也分析了复杂性-风险这一关系在金融危机时期和其他时期是否有不同特点。全样本数据结果表明,对于全部的银行持股公司而言,国内复杂性和其他活动的复杂性对于风险的负面影响在2007到2009年金融危机期间趋于恶化。如果区分小型和大型银行持股公司,此结果仍成立。也就是说,结果表明国内复杂性的负面影响在金融危机期间对于所有的银行持股公司而言都恶化了。大型银行持股公司的结果也表明了在金融危机期间,来自于其他活动(衍生品和跨国活动)的高度复杂性导致了风险的增加。最后,固定效应估计模型导致了偶发参数问题,此问题由被忽视的个体效应和不随时间变化的效应的干扰所导致。这个问题导致了其他估计系数是有偏的,因此需要改正这些偏误。基于此考虑,本研究对回归结果采用了 Split-Sample Jackknife偏误改正方法,而大多数研究都忽略了这一点。

关键词：复杂性特质风险银行持股公司(BHC) 非利益多元化拆分样例 Jackknife法

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Analysis of the Technical and Sanitary Constraints of the Traditional Breeding of Guinea Fowl in ＂Region des Savanes＂ of Northern Togo

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2018年第1期6卷 77-87页

作者： Yao Lombo kokou Tona Bedibete Bonfoh Centre de Recherche Agronomique de la Savane SOche (CRASS) Institut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (ITRA) Lome BP1163 Togo Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de Production Avieoles Centre d'Excellenee Regionale des Sciences Aviaires (CERSA)Ecole Superieure d'Agronomie (ESA) Universite de Lomb Lome BP 1515 Togo.

A survey to determine the causes of mortality of guinea fowl and the technical and sanitary constraints of the traditional breeding of guinea fowl was carried out among 106 poultry farmers from the Savannah Region in North Togo. The survey also made it possible to identify the breeding constraints and the endogenous practices of rearing of the guinea fowl. The results obtained from the investigations are：（i） the high rate （69.81%） of illiterates is not conducive to the def＇mition or control of plans for prophylaxis and rationing. （ii） Breeders are unaware of disease-resistant strains of guinea fowl. （iii） Guinea fowl breeding starts with traditional methods, with 33.96% of the breeders who leave the guinea fowl in the wilderness and 13.21% who breed them in conflagration pell-mell. （iv） The formulations of food rations in order to satisfy the nutritional requirements of guinea fowl are virtually non-existent. The sources of proteins sometimes supplemented are only termites. However, food imbalance leads to growth lags. （v） Prophylaxis plans are not followed by breeders. Fifty two percent （52%） of the breeders self-medicate and other breeders （9.43%） do not treat. Several plants are used alone or in combination to control poultry diseases. （vi） biosecurity measures are non-existent in the farms （48.11% of the farmers give the dead guinea fowl to the children for consumption and 66% of the breeders throw the dead guinea fowl in the wild）. （vii） The major constraints identified in this investigation are the remoteness of the veterinary supply centers, the lack of access to quality veterinary services, the low rate of training of farmers, the inadequate support ofpastoralists livestock equipment; （viii） the problem of predators （93.40%） and the problem of access to effective veterinary products （79.25%） were noted.

关键词： Guinea fowl farming constraints "Region des Savanes" Togo.

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Comparative study on production and characterisation of extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)using activated sludge fortified with crude glycerol from different biodiesel companies

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2021年第2期1卷 208-222页

作者： Bhoomika Yadav S.K.Yellapu kokou Adjalle P.Drogui R.D.Tyagi INRS Eau Terre et Environnement490rue de la CouronneQuebec CityQC G1K 9A9Canada BOSK Bioproducts Quebec CityQCCanada

Extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)are eco-friendly and economical biopolymers with a significant role in pollutant removal,bio-flocculation,settling and dewatering of activated *** this study,growth profile and EPS production by an EPS-producing microbial strain(isolated from wastewater sludge or WWS)was studied using activated sludge fortified with *** study compared three crude glycerol samples as carbon sources from different biodiesel companies(BIO-LIQ,BIOCARDEL,ROTHSAY)and their effect on EPS production and characterisation was *** maximum slime EPS(S-EPS)concentration(12.34 g/L)was produced when sludge fortified with BIO-LIQ crude glycerol was used,higher than pure glycerol(10 g/L)at 72 *** S-EPS was enhanced(16 g/L)when purified BIO-LIQ glycerol(by acid treatment)was *** was also observed that S-EPS concentration increased 1.6-2.6 times by using sludge fortified with glycerol as compared to only glycerol(no sludge)as EPS production *** addition,the S-EPS produced from different glycerol samples yielded different characteristics in terms of protein-carbohydrate content,flocculation activity and *** S-EPS from purified BIO-LIQ glycerol(with sludge)gave maximum flocculation activity and dewaterability i.e.93.71%and 60.2%*** comparison between Ca(OH)2 and NaOH used as alkaline sludge pre-treatment methods revealed that the EPS produced from Ca(OH)_(2)-treated sludge fortified with glycerol solutions to be better in terms of protein content,flocculation activity and *** composition analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FT-IR)revealed the presence of distinct functional groups(carboxyl,hydroxyl,amine groups)in the produced S-EPS.

关键词： Exopolysaccharides Bacterial polymers Slime Crude glycerol Activated sludge Impurities

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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Three Methods of Protecting Guinea Fowl from Mortalities Used in Traditional Breeding in Northern Togo

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 2018年第1期6卷 88-100页

作者： Lombo Yao Tona kokou Bonfoh Bedibete Centre de Recherche Agronomique de la Savane Seche (CRASS) lnstitut Togolais de Recherche Agronomique (1TRA) Lome BP1163 Togo. Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de Production Avicoles Centre d'Excellence Rdgionale des Sciences Aviaires (CERSA)Ecole Superieure d'Agronomie (ESA) Universite de Lomb Lome BP 1515 Togo.

A study on the evaluation of the effectiveness of three traditional methods of protecting guinea fowl from mortality was carried out at CRA-SS （Centre de Recherche Agronomique de la Savane S6che） in northem Togo. Guinea fowl were divided into 5 batches, of which 3 batches received prophylactic medical treatment including plant decoctions, the 4th batch was followed by a medical prophylaxis program as a control group and the 5th batch considered as a negative control, has not received any prophylactic treatment. The results showed that a mortality rate of 25% for the reference lot and two other batches which received plant decoctions （Euphorbia poissonii or Khaya senegalensis） were recorded against a rate of 87.5% in the batch of guinea fowl which received the decoction of Pteleopsis suberosa. Meanwhile, regardless of weight growth, daily average gain （GMQ） or food consumption, no significant difference was observed （p 〉 0.05） between the guinea fowl that received a baseline health monitoring and those having taken the decoction orE. poissonii. On the other hand, the values recorded in these two batches of guinea fowl differed statistically from those in the guinea fowl that received the decoction of K. senegalensis. Although the decoction of K. senegalensis has a protective effect in guinea fowl, the growth of guinea fowl has been slowed down. On the basis of these results, it appears that two endogenous practices tested （K. senegalensis or E. poissonii） have positive effects. However, it would be desirable to carry out a toxicity test in order to determine the recommended doses.

关键词： Guinea fowl protection traditional methods mortality Savannah regions Togo.

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