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Leisure-time physical activity and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes:Cross-country comparison of cohort studies

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Journal of Sport and health Science 2024年第2期13卷 212-221页

作者： Jakob Tarp Mengyun Luo Miguel Adriano Sanchez-Lastra knut Eirik Dalene Borja del pozo Cruz Mathias Ried-Larsen Reimar Wernich Thomsen Ulf Ekelund Ding Ding Department of Clinical Epidemiology Aarhus University&Aarhus University HospitalAarhus 8200Denmark prevention Research Collaboration Sydney School of Public HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2006Australia Charles perkins Centre the University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2050Australia Department of Sports Medicine Norwegian School of Sports SciencesOslo 0806Norway Department of Special Didactics Faculty of Education and Sports SciencesUniversity of VigoPontevedra 36005Spain Well-Move Research Group Galicia Sur Health Research Institute(IIS Galicia Sur)SERGAS-UVIGOVigo 36213Spain Department of Chronic Diseases Norwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo 0473Norway Centre for Active and healthy Ageing Department of Sports Science and Clinical BiomechanicsUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense 5230Denmark Faculty of Education University of CadizCadiz 11519Spain Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz(INiBICA)Research Unit Puerta del Mar University HospitalUniversity of CadizCadiz 11009Spain The Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism&the Centre for physical Activity Research RigshospitaletUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics University of Southern DenmarkOdense 5230Denmark

purpose:This study aimed to quantify the dose-response association and the minimal effective dose of leisure-time physical activity(pA)to prevent mortality and cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 ***:Cross-country comparison of 2 prospective cohort studies including 14,913 and 17,457 population-based adults with type 2 diabetes from the UK and *** leisure-time pA was self-reported and categorized by metabolic equivalent hours per week(MET-h/week)according to World health Organization recommendations:none,below recommendation(>0-7.49 MET-h/week);at recommended level(7.5-14.9 MET-h/week);above recommendation(>15 MET-h/week).Mortality and cardiovascular disease data were obtained from national ***:During a median follow-up of 12.4 and 9.7 years,in the UK and China cohorts,repectively,higher levels of leisure-time pA were inversely associated with all-cause(1571 and 2351 events)and cardiovascular mortality(392 and 1060 events),mostly consistent with a linear dose-response *** below,at,and above recommendations,compared with no activity,yielded all-cause mortality hazard ratios of0.94(95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.79-1.12),0.90(95%CI:0.74-1.10),and 0.85(95%CI:0.70-1.02)in British adults and 0.87(95%CI:0.68-1.10),0.88(95%CI:0.74-1.03),and 0.77(95%CI:0.70-0.85)in Chinese *** with cardiovascular mortality were more pronounced in British adults(0.80(95%CI:0.58-1.11),0.75(95%CI:0.52-1.09),and 0.69(95%CI:0.48-0.97))but less pronounced in Chinese adults(1.06(95%CI:0.76-1.47),1.01(95%CI:0.80-1.28),and 0.79(95%CI:0.69-0.92)).pA at recommended levels was not associated with lower rates of major adverse cardiovascular events(2345 and 4458 events).Conclusion:Leisure-time pA at the recommended levels was not convincingly associated with lower mortality and had no association with risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in British or Chinese adults with type 2 ***-time pA above current recom

关键词： Complications Epidemiology Exercise prevention

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Is convenience really king? Comparative evaluation of catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis in the public and private healthcare sectors of Viet Nam: a longitudinal patient cost study

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-12页

作者： Nguyen hoa Binh Quang Vo Luan Nguyen Forse Rachel Jeanette Wiemers Anja Maria Christine huynh huy Ba Dong Thuy Thi Thu phan Yen Thi hoang Creswell Jacob Dang Thi Minh ha Nguyen Lan huu Shedrawy Jad L?nnroth knut Nguyen Tuan Dinh Van Dinh Luong Annerstedt Kristi Sidney Codlin Andrew James National Lung hospital Ha Noi Viet Nam Friends for International TB Relief Ha Noi Viet Nam Department of Global public health WHO Collaboration Centre On Tuberculosis and Social Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden Stop TB partnership Geneva Switzerland pham Ngoc Thach hospital Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

Background In Viet Nam, tuberculosis (TB) represents a devastating life-event with an exorbitant price tag, partly due to lost income from daily directly observed therapy in public sector care. Thus, persons with TB may seek care in the private sector for its flexibility, convenience, and privacy. Our study aimed to measure income changes, costs and catastrophic cost incurrence among TB-affected households in the public and private *** Between October 2020 and March 2022, we conducted 110 longitudinal patient cost interviews, among 50 patients privately treated for TB and 60 TB patients treated by the National TB program (NTp) in ha Noi, hai phong and ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Using a local adaptation of the WhO TB patient cost survey tool, participants were interviewed during the intensive phase, continuation phase and post-treatment. We compared income levels, direct and indirect treatment costs, catastrophic costs using Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-squared tests and associated risk factors between the two cohorts using multivariate *** The pre-treatment median monthly household income was significantly higher in the private sector versus NTp cohort (USD 868 vs USD 578;p=0.010). however, private sector treatment was also significantly costlier (USD 2075 vs USD 1313;p=0.005), driven by direct medical costs which were 4.6 times higher than costs reported by NTp participants (USD 754 vs USD 164;phis resulted in no significant difference in catastrophic costs between the two cohorts (private: 55% vs NTp: 52%;p=0.675). Factors associated with catastrophic cost included being a single-person household [adjusted odds ratio [(aOR=13.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36–138.14;p=0.026], unemployment during treatment (aOR=10.86; 95%CI: 2.64–44.60;pperiencing TB-related stigma (aOR=37.90; 95%CI: 1.72–831.73;p=0.021).Conclusions persons with TB in Viet Nam face similarly high risk of catastrophic costs whether treated in the

关键词： Tuberculosis patient cost Catastrophic cost private sector Comparative analysis Viet Nam

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Mismatch between calf paternity and observed copulations between male and female reindeer:Multiple mating in a polygynous ungulate?

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Current Zoology 2023年第4期69卷 377-384页

作者： Keenin R.Coombs Robert B.Weladji Ostein holand knut h.Rodc Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke St.WestMontrealQCH4B1R6Canada Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences Norwegian University of Life SciencesOluf Thesens vei 61433ÅsNorway Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Norwegian University of Life SciencesVeterinærbygningenElizabeth Stephansens vei 15N-1430ÅsNorway

In polygynous systems,such as that exhibited by reindeer Rangifer tarandus,mate choice can be difficult to disentangle from male intrasexual competition because male behavior may constrain female *** mating may provide an avenue for female mate choice,though it is difficult to identify using behavioral estimators *** techniques address this issue by affording ecologists an opportunity to reassess mating systems from a genetic *** assessed the frequency and possible explanations for multiple mating in reindeer using a genetic approach to determine the success of observed copulations in a semi-domesticated herd in Kaamanen,*** and genetic data were synthesized with population characteristics over a 7-year period to test the hypothesis that,if present,polyandry in reindeer is driven by sexual harassment from sub-dominant *** observed multiple mating in 42%of females,with as many as 60%exhibiting multiple mating in certain *** found no evidence that multiple mating resulted from sexual harassment by sub-dominant males,suggesting that it is likely a deliberate strategy among *** rate of copulations into paternities varied with male size,with smaller males more likely to experience mismatch than larger *** preference for larger males persisted despite the occurrence of multiple mating,possibly suggesting a mechanism for cryptic post-copulatory *** suggest further research to delineate the possible influence of cryptic post-copulatory selection and multiple mating to defend against infertility in exhausted males.

关键词： female choice mate choice mating systems polyandry reproductive success sexual selection

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Brain antigens in functionally distinct antigen-presenting cell populations in cervical lymph nodes in MS and EAE

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世界最新医学信息文摘 2016年第11期 8-8页

作者： Marloes van Zwam Ruth huizinga Marie-José Melief Annet F.Wierenga-Wolf Marjan van Meurs Jane S.Voerman knut p.h.biber hendrikus W.G.M.Boddeke Uta E.h?pken Christian Meisel Andreas Meisel Ingo Bechmann Rogier Q.hintzen Bert A.‘t hart Sandra Amor Jon D.Laman Leonie A.Boven

Drainage of central nervous system(CNS) antigens to the brain-draining cervical lymph nodes(CLN) is likely crucial in the initiation and control of autoimmune responses during multiple sclerosis(MS). We demonstrate neuronal antigens within CLN of MS patients. In monkeys and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE) and in mouse models with non-inflammatory CNS damage, the type and extent of CNS damage was associated with the frequencies of CNS antigens within the cervical lymph nodes. In addition, CNS antigens drained to the spinal-cord-draining lumbar lymph nodes. In human MS CLN, neuronal antigens were present in pro-inflammatory antigen-presenting cells(ApC), whereas the majority of myelincontaining cells were anti-inflammatory. This may reflect a different origin of the cells or different drainage mechanisms. Indeed, neuronal antigen-containing cells in human CLN did not express the lymph node homing receptor CCR7, whereas myelin antigen-containing cells in situ and in vitro did. Nevertheless, CLN from EAE-affected CCR7-deficient mice contained equal amounts of myelin and neuronal antigens as wild-type mice. We conclude that the type and frequencies of CNS antigens within the CLN are determined by the type and extent of CNS damage. Furthermore, the presence of myelin and neuronal antigens in functionally distinct ApC populations within MS CLN suggests that differential immune responses can be evoked.

关键词： Neuroinflammation Immune regulation Autoreactive Tcells Tolerance Chemokines Cytokines

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Brain antigens in functionally distinct antigen-presenting cell populations in cervical lymph nodes in MS and EAE

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世界最新医学信息文摘 2017年第30期 281-281页

作者： Marloes van Zwam Ruth huizinga Marie-José Melief Annet F.Wierenga-Wolf Marjan van Meurs Jane S.Voerman knut p.h.biber hendrikus W G.M.Boddeke Uta E.h?pken Christian Meisel Andreas Meisel Ingo Bechmann Rogier Q.hintzen Bert A.'t hart Sandra Amor Jon D.Laman Leonie A.Boven

Drainage of central nervous system(CNS) antigens to the brain-draining cervical lymph nodes(CLN) is likely crucial in the initiation and control of autoimmune responses during multiple sclerosis(MS).We demonstrate neuronal antigens within CLN of MS *** monkeys and mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE) and in mouse models with non-inflammatory CNS damage,the type and extent of CNS damage was associated with the frequencies of CNS antigens within the cervical lymph *** addition,CNS antigens drained to the spinal-cord-draining lumbar lymph *** human MS CLN,neuronal antigens were present in pro-inflammatory antigen-presenting cells(ApC),whereas the majority of myelincontaining cells were *** may reflect a different origin of the cells or different drainage ***,neuronal antigen-containing cells in human CLN did not express the lymph node homing receptor CCR7,whereas myelin antigen-containing cells in situ and in vitro ***,CLN from EAE-affected CCR7-deficient mice contained equal amounts of myelin and neuronal antigens as wild-type *** conclude that the type and frequencies of CNS antigens within the CLN are determined by the type and extent of CNS ***,the presence of myelin and neuronal antigens in functionally distinct ApC populations within MS CLN suggests that differential immune responses can be evoked.

关键词： Neuroinflammation Immune regulation Autoreactive Tcells Tolerance Chemokines Cytokines

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postoperative ileus: Impact of pharmacological treatment,laparoscopic surgery and enhanced recovery pathways

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第17期16卷 2067-2074页

作者： knut Magne Augestad Conor p Delaney Division of Colorectal Surgery University Hospitals Case Medical CenterClevelandOH 44106-5047United States Department of Digestive Surgery Telemedicine and Integrated CareUniversity Hospital North Norway9037 TromsφNorway

Almost all patients develop postoperative ileus (pOI) after abdominal *** represents the single largest factor influencing length of stay (LOS) after bowel resection,and has great implications for patients and resource utilization in health *** methods to treat and decrease the length of pOI are therefore of great *** the past decade,a substantial amount of research has been performed evaluating pOI,and great progress has been made in our understanding and treatment of *** procedures,enhanced recovery pathways and pharmacologic treatment have been *** factor has substantially contributed to decreasing the length of pOI and thus LOS after bowel *** editorial outlines resource utilization of pOI,normal physiology of gut motility and pathogenesis of *** treatment,fast track protocols and laparoscopic surgery can each have significant impact on pathways causing *** optimal integration of these treatment options continues to be assessed in prospective studies.

关键词： postoperative ileus pathophysiology Cost utilization pharmacologic treatment Laparoscopic surgery Enhanced recovery pathways

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Efficacy and safety of desmopressin on frequency and urgency in female patients with overactive bladder and nocturia, current clinical features and outcomes: A systematic review

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Asian Journal of Urology 2022年第1期9卷 27-34页

作者： Bara Barakat knut Franke Matthias May Ulrich Gauger Thomas-Alexander Vogeli hospital Viersen Department of Urology and Pediatric UrologyViersenGermany hospital St.Elisabeth Department of UrologyStraubingGermany Institute for Medical Statistics BerlinGermany University hospital RWTh Aachen Department of Urology and Pediatric UrologyAachenGermany

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of desmopressin on frequency and urgency in female patients with overactive bladder(OAB)and *** A selective database search was conducted to validate the effectiveness of desmopressin in patients with OAB and *** Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were *** meta-analysis included 378 women(five studies)with *** clinical outcomes and adverse events were *** The treatment strategy of all the studies included can be divided into three categories:(1)The effect of desmopressin compared with baseline,(2)desmopressin compared with placebo,and(3)desmopressin and anticholinergic combination versus desmopressin *** was a significant(50%)reduction in nocturia and urgency episodes after using desmopressin *** desmopressin and anticholinergic led to a decrease in the frequency of nocturia voids when only using anticholinergic(65%vs.33.2%).The time increased in the middle to the first nightly voids in the combination arm(65.11 min;p=0.045).The mean incidence(standard deviation)of leak-free episodes was higher under desmopressin than under placebo in the first 4 h(62%[35%]vs.48%[40%])and in the first 8 h(55%[37%]vs.40%[41%]).The safety profile was comparable between *** Available data indicate that desmopressin is efficacious in significantly reducing nighttime urine production,episodes of nocturia,and urgency *** affectivity of the combination therapy was very high with least side effects for the treatment of OAB/nocturnal polyuria.

关键词： Overactive bladder Nocturia Desmopressin Urinary urgency Lower urinary tract

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Region-Specific Expression of Immunoregulatory proteins on Microglia in the healthy CNS

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神经损伤与功能重建 2008年第3期3卷 192-198页

作者： ALEXANDER h.DE hAAS hENDRIKUS W.G.M.BODDEKE knut biber Department of Medical physiology University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Department of PathologyUniversity Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Medical physiology University Medical Center GroningenUniversity of GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands

与中枢神经系统的空间结构高度一致,大部分的中枢神经系统疾病表现为区域性分布。虽然小胶质细胞已被公认在各种中枢神经系统疾病中发挥重要的作用,但是小胶质细胞是否表现为区域特异性目前还不清楚。因此,本研究目的是评估在健康成年... 详细信息

与中枢神经系统的空间结构高度一致,大部分的中枢神经系统疾病表现为区域性分布。虽然小胶质细胞已被公认在各种中枢神经系统疾病中发挥重要的作用,但是小胶质细胞是否表现为区域特异性目前还不清楚。因此,本研究目的是评估在健康成年小鼠的中枢神经系统的不同区域中小胶质细胞的不同表型。运用体外流式细胞仪分析CD11b,CD40,CD45,CD80,CD86,F4/80,TREM-2b,MhCII,CXCR3,CCR9以及CCR7的表面表达。这些免疫调节标记物大部分均存在于小胶质细胞上并且在表达水平上有明显的区域特异性差异。这些发现在很大程度上证实了在健康成年小鼠中枢神经系统的小胶质细胞中存在着免疫多样性。

关键词：小胶质细胞变异细胞分化免疫学表面抗原流式细胞学

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Evaluation of factors influencing soluble microbial product in submerged MBR through hybrid ASM model

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2009年第2期3卷 226-235页

作者： Fangyue LI Joachim BEhRENDT knut WIChMANN Ralf OTTERpOhL Institute of Water Resources and Water Supply Hamburg University of TechnologySchwarzenbergstr.95 ED-21073 HamburgGermany Department of Wastewater Management Hamburg University of TechnologyEissendorfer Strasse 42D-21073 HamburgGermany

In this study,a mathematical model was established to predict the formation of the soluble microbial product(SMp)in a submerged membrane *** developed model was calibrated under the reference *** results were in good agreement with the measured results under the reference *** calibrated model was then used in the scenario studies to evaluate the effect of three chosen operating parameters:hydraulic retention time(hRT),dissolved oxygen concentration,and sludge retention time(SRT).Simulation results revealed that the SMp dominated the soluble organic substances in the *** scenario studies also revealed that the hRT can be decreased to 1 h without deteriorating the effluent quality;dissolved oxygen concentration in the reactor can be kept at 2–3 mg/L to maintain the effluent quality,reduce the content of SMp,and minimize operating costs;the optimal SRT can be controlled to 10–15 d to achieve complete nitrification process,less membrane fouling potential,and acceptable organic removal efficiency.

关键词： hybrid activated sludge model(ASM) membrane bioreactor(MBR) soluble microbial product(SMp)

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Flexible mating tactics and associated reproductive effort during the rutting season in male reindeer （Rangifer tarandus, L. 1758）

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Current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 802-810页

作者： Eliana pINTUS Stefania UCChEDDU knut h. RФED Javier perez GONZALEZ Juan CARRANZA Mauri NIEMINEN Фystein hOLAND Department of Veterinary Sciences Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Kamycka 129 165 21 Prague 6 - Suchdol Czech Republic Ungulate Research Unit Game and Fish Research Center University of Cordoba 14071 Cordoba Spain Department of Basic Sciences and Aquatic Medicine Norwegian University of Life Sciences EO. Box 8146 Dep. N-0033 Oslo Norway Guarderia Rural Mancomunidad de Municipios Centro (MIMC) 06810 Calamonte Spain Finnish Game and Fisheries Research Institute Reindeer Research Station 99910 Kaamanen Finland Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences Norwegian University of Life Sciences RO. Box 5003 N-1432 As Norway

polygynous males can change their mating tactics across their lifetime, but information is scarce on the flexibility of this trait within a given season and the relative costs and benefits of using different tactics. here, we monitored individually marked male reindeerRangifer tarandusand classified their mating tactics as harem-defense, sneaking, or mixed. The costs of the male reproductive effort were assessed using both direct (i.e. percentage of body mass lost) and indirect measures (i.e. activity patterns such as feeding, standing, and walking), while mating group size and reproductive success were recorded as mating effort benefits. Our results show that reindeer males may switch between the harem-defense and sneaking tactics throughout the same breeding season, providing further support to the notion that reproductive tactics are flexible in ungulates. The costs and benefits of male mating effort vary according to the mating tactic, reaching the highest values in harem-holders and the lowest values in sneaking males. Moreover, males who switched between the sneaking tactic and the harem-defence tactic tended to achieve higher mating success than males who consistently used the least costly tactic. Indeed, all harem-holders successfully sired offspring, whereas only two out of three mixed-tactic males sired one calf, and sneaking males did not sire any calves. In conclusion, our results show that reindeer males can modulate their mating efforts during the same breeding season by switching between the most costly harem-defense tactic and the least costly sneaking tactic, suggesting individual solutions to the balance between reproductive effort and mating opportunities.

关键词：繁殖成功率交配策略繁殖季节驯鹿雄性男性生殖成本效益混合策略

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