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Integrative Zoology 2014年第1期9卷 85-96页

作者： kirsten e.wiens erika CRISPO Lauren J.CHAPMAN Department of Pathology New York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA Department of Biology and Health Sciences Pace UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Biology McGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada Wildlife Conservation Society BronxNew YorkUSA

Gene flow among populations in different selective environments should favor the evolution of phenotypic plasticity over local *** in development is a common response to long-term hypoxia in some widespread African fishes,including Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor,a cichlid that exploits both normoxic(high oxygen)rivers/lakes and hypoxic(low oxygen)*** studies have shown that fish from normoxic and hypoxic sites differ in many traits,including gill size,brain size and body shape,and that much of this vari-ation reflects developmental ***,these earlier studies focused on areas in Uganda where gene flow between swamp and river or lake populations is *** this study we tested the hypothesis that ***-color from a relatively isolated lake population(Lake Saka,Uganda)exhibit low levels of plasticity in traits re-lated to oxygen *** broods of *** from Lake Saka were reared under low and high dis-solved oxygen,and traits related to gill size,brain mass and body shape were ***,both gill size and brain mass showed high levels of developmental *** suggest that high levels of plasticity,particularly in the gill size of ***,reflects low costs of maintaining the plastic response,even in rela-tively isolated populations.

关键词： brain geometric morphometrics gills hypoxia riverine fish

Muscle strength deficits are associated with low bone mineral density in young pediatric cancer survivors:The iBoneFIT project

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 419-427页

作者： Andres Marmol-Perez Jose J.Gil-Cosano esther Ubago-Guisado Francisco J.Llorente-Cantarero Juan Francisco Pascual-Gázquez kirsten K.Ness Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino Jonatan R.Ruiz Luis Gracia-Marco Department of Physical education and Sports Faculty of Sport SciencesSport and Health University Research Institute(iMUDS)University of GranadaGranada 18011Spain Department of epidemiology and Cancer Control St.Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTN 38105USA Department of Communication and education Loyola University AndalusiaSeville 41704Spain Biosanitary Research Institute ibs.GranadaGranada 18012Spain Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba(IMIBIC) Cordoba 14004Spain CIBeROBN Biomedical Research Networking Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and NutritionCarlos III Health InstituteMadrid 28029Spain Department of Specific Didactics Faculty of EducationUniversity of CordobaCordoba 14071Spain Pediatric and adolescent hematology and oncology service Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery Clinical Management UnitVirgen de las Nieves University HospitalGranada 18014Spain Health and Social Research Center Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaCuenca 13001Spain

Background Pediatric cancer survivors are at increased risk of muscle weakness and low areal bone mineral density(aBMD).However,the prevalence of muscle strength deficits is not well documented,and the associations of muscle strength with aBMD are unknown in this ***,this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of upper-and lower-body muscle strength deficits and to examine the associations of upper-and lower-body muscle strength with age-,sex,and race-specific aBMD Z-scores at the total body,total hip,femoral neck,and lumbar *** This cross-sectional study included 116 pediatric cancer survivors(12.1±3.3 years old,mean±SD;42.2%female).Upper-and lower-body muscle strength were assessed by handgrip and standing long jump test,***‑energy X‑ray absorptiometry was used to measure aBMD(g/cm2).Associations between muscle strength and aBMD were evaluated in multivariable linear regression *** regression was used to evaluate the contribution of muscle strength(1-decile lower)to the odds of having low aBMD(Z-score≤1.0).All analyses were adjusted for time from treatment completion,radiotherapy exposure,and body mass *** More than one-half of survivors were within the 2 lowest deciles for upper-(56.9%)and lower-body muscle strength(60.0%)in comparison to age-and sex-specific reference *** strength deficits were associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all sites(B=0.133–0.258,p=0.001–0.032).each 1-decile lower in upper-body muscle strength was associated with 30%–95%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at all *** 1-decile lower in lower-body muscle strength was associated with 35%–70%higher odds of having low aBMD Z-scores at total body,total hip,and femoral *** Muscle strength deficits are prevalent in young pediatric cancer survivors,and such deficits are associated with lower aBMD Z-scores at all *** results suggest that interventions designed to improve muscle strength in t

关键词： Bone health Childhood cancer DXA Lean mass Resistance training

The computerized LASSI-BC Test versus the Standard LASSI-L Paper-and-Pencil Version in Community-Based-Samples

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Advances in Alzheimer's Disease 2024年第1期13卷 11-25页

作者： Rosie e. Curiel Cid Alexandra Ortega Ubbo Visser Marcela Kitaigorodsky D. Diane Zheng Diana Hincapie kirsten Horne Crenshaw Ashleigh Beaulieu Brooke Bosworth Liz Gallardo emory Neer Sofia Ramirez elizabeth A. Crocco Mike Georgiou efrosyni Sfakianaki David A. Loewenstein Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA Department of Computer Sciences University of Miami Coral Gables FL USA Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL USA Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Miller School of Medicine University of Miami Miami FL USA

Proactive Semantic Interference (PSI) and failure to recover from PSI (frPSI), are novel constructs assessed by the LASSI-L. These measures are sensitive to cognitive changes in early Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and preclinical AD determined by Aβ load using PeT. The goal of this study was to compare a new computerized version of the LASSI-L (LASSI-Brief Computerized) to the standard paper-and-pencil version of the test. In this study, we examined 110 cognitively unimpaired (CU) older adults and 79 with amnestic MCI (aMCI) who were administered the paper-and-pencil form of the LASSI-L. Their performance was compared with 62 CU older adults and 52 aMCI participants examined using the LASSI-BC. After adjustment for covariates (degree of initial learning, sex, education, and language of evaluation) both the standard and computerized versions distinguished between aMCI and CU participants. The performance of CU and aMCI groups using either form was relatively commensurate. Importantly, an optimal combination of Cued B2 recall and Cued B1 intrusions on the LASSI-BC yielded an area under the ROC curve of .927, a sensitivity of 92.3% and specificity of 88.1%, relative to an area under the ROC curve of .815, a sensitivity of 72.5%, and a specificity of 79.1% obtained for the paper-and-pencil LASSI-L. Overall, the LASSI-BC was comparable, and in some ways, superior to the paper-and-pencil LASSI-L. Advantages of the LASSI-BC include a more standardized administration, suitability for remote assessment, and an automated scoring mechanism that can be verified by a built-in audio recording of responses.

关键词： Mild Cognitive Impairment Proactive Semantic Interference LASSI-L Computerized Cognitive Assessment

Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide emissions from Naturally Occurring Sulfate-Based Saline Soils at Different Moisture Contents

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Pedosphere 2017年第5期27卷 868-876页

作者： Resham THAPA Amitava CHATTeRJee Abbey WICK kirsten BUTCHeR Department of Soil Sciences School of Natural Resources Management North Dakota State University

Soil salinization may negatively affect microbial processes related to carbon dioxide （CO2） and nitrous oxide （N20） emissions. A short-term laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soil electrical conductivity （eC） and moisture content on CO2 and N20 emissions from sulfate-based natural saline soils. Three separate 100-m long transects were established along the salinity gradient on a salt-affected agricultural field at Mooreton, North Dakota, USA. Surface soils were collected from four equally spaced sampling positions within each transect, at the depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm. In the laboratory, artificial soil cores were formed combining soils from both the depths in each transect, and incubated at 60% and 90% water-filled pore space （WFPS） at 25 ~C. The measured depth-weighted eC of the saturated paste extract （eCe） across the sampling positions ranged from 0.43 to 4.65 dS m-1. Potential nitrogen （N） mineralization rate and CO2 emissions decreased with increasing soil eCe, but the relative decline in soil CO2 emissions with increasing eCe was smaller at 60% WFPS than at 90% WFPS. At 60% WFPS, soil N20 emissions decreased from 133 g N20-N kg-1 soil at eCe （ 0.50 dS m-1 to 72 μg N20-N kg-1 soil at eCe = 4.65 dS m-1. In contrast, at 90% WFPS, soil N20 emissions increased from 262 g N20-N kg-1 soil at eCe ： 0.81 dS m-1 to 849 g N20-N kg-1 soil at eCe ： 4.65 dS m-1, suggesting that N20 emissions were linked to both soil eCe and moisture content. Therefore, spatial variability in soil eCe and pattern of rainfall over the season need to be considered when up-scaling N20 and CO2 emissions from field to landscape scales.

关键词： electric conductivity C and N mineralization salinity sulfate salts soil salinization soil water-filled pore space

Modification of tubular chitosan-based peripheral nerve implants: applications for simple or more complex approaches

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第8期15卷 1421-1431页

作者： Nina Dietzmeyer Maria F?rthmann Claudia Grothe kirsten Haastert-Talini Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology Hannover Medical School Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN) Hannover

Surgical treatment of peripheral nerve injuries is still a major challenge in human *** to now,none of the well-developed microsurgical treatment options is able to guarantee a complete restoration of nerve *** restriction is also effective for novel clinically approved artificial nerve *** this review,we compare surgical repair techniques primarily for digital nerve injuries reported with relatively high prevalence to be valuable attempts in clinical digital nerve repair and point out their advantages and *** furthermore discuss the use of artificial nerve grafts with a focus on chitosan-based nerve guides,for which our own studies contributed to their approval for clinical *** the second part of this review,very recent future perspectives for the enhancement of tubular(commonly hollow)nerve guides are discussed in terms of their clinical translatability and ability to form three-dimensional constructs that biomimick the natural nerve *** includes materials that have already shown their beneficial potential in in vivo studies like fibrous intraluminal guidance structures,hydrogels,growth factors,and approaches of cell ***,we highlight upcoming future perspectives comprising co-application of stem cell *** our overview,we conclude that already simple attempts are highly effective to increase the regeneration supporting properties of nerve guides in experimental *** for bringing nerve repair with bioartificial nerve grafts to the next level,*** of defects>3 cm in human patients,more complex intraluminal guidance structures such as innovatively manufactured hydrogels and likely supplementation of stem cells or their secretome for therapeutic purposes may represent promising future perspectives.

关键词： bioartificial nerve graft biological nerve graft cell transplantation cellular products luminal structures peripheral nerve repair

Missing data and the accuracy of Bayesian phylogenetics

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植物分类学报 2008年第3期46卷 307-314页

作者： John J. wiens Daniel S. MOeN Department of ecology and evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY 11794-5245 USA

The effect of missing data on phylogenetic methods is a potentially important issue in our attempts to reconstruct the Tree of Life. If missing data are truly problematic, then it may be unwise to include species in an analysis that lack data for some characters (incomplete taxa) or to include characters that lack data for some species. Given the difficulty of obtaining data from all characters for all taxa (e.g., fossils), missing data might seriously impede efforts to reconstruct a comprehensive phylogeny that includes all species. Fortunately, recent simulations and empirical analyses suggest that missing data cells are not themselves problematic, and that in-complete taxa can be accurately placed as long as the overall number of characters in the analysis is large. How-ever, these studies have so far only been conducted on parsimony, likelihood, and neighbor-joining methods. Although Bayesian phylogenetic methods have become widely used in recent years, the effects of missing data on Bayesian analysis have not been adequately studied. Here, we conduct simulations to test whether Bayesian analyses can accurately place incomplete taxa despite extensive missing data. In agreement with previous studies of other methods, we find that Bayesian analyses can accurately reconstruct the position of highly incomplete taxa (i.e., 95% missing data), as long as the overall number of characters in the analysis is large. These results suggest that highly incomplete taxa can be safely included in many Bayesian phylogenetic analyses.

关键词：贝叶斯定理系统发生学数据缺失准确度

estimated prevalence of echinococcus multilocularis in rac-coon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides in northern Branden- burg, Germany

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Current Zoology 2011年第5期57卷 655-661页

作者： Sabine SCHWARZ Astrid SUTOR Christoph STAUBACH Roswitha MATTIS kirsten TACKMANN Franz Josef CONRATHS Friedrich-Loeffier-Institut Federal Research Institute for Animal Health Institute of Epidemiology 16868 Wusterhausen Germany

Human alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the larval stage of the small fox tapeworm, is a lethal zoonotic infection if left untreated. e. multilocularis is distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and lives in the small intestines of carnivores, mainly canids. The main definitive host of e. multilocularis in european countries is the red fox Vulpes vulpes and in the last ten years new endemic areas for the parasite in Central europe have been identified. In some areas, for instance in Germany, the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides - a spreading neozoon - must be regarded as an additional definitive host for e. multilocularis. In 2001 this parasite was found for the first time in raccoon dogs in the Federal State of Brandenburg, Germany. Between 2000 and 2008, 1,252 raccoon dogs from Brandenburg were examined by the Intestinal Scraping Technique. The majority of samples were obtained in five northern counties and all 60 animals that tested positive for e. multilocularis were located there. The estimated true prevalence calculated by a beta-binomial- model ranged from 6%-12% [Current Zoology 57 （5）： 655-661, 2011].

关键词： Zoonosis Invasive species echinococcosis Germany Raccoon dog

Automated Vehicle Handover Interface Design:Focus Groups with Learner,Intermediate and Advanced Drivers

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Automotive Innovation 2020年第1期3卷 14-29页

作者： Jediah R.Clark Neville A.Stanton kirsten M.A.Revell Human Factors engineering Team Transportation Research GroupBoldrewood Innovation CampusUniversity of SouthamptonBurgess RoadSouthampton SO167QFUK

Conditionally and highly automated vehicles will require drivers to take control as a result of a non-emergency,such as a geographical,terrain,capability or design *** is anticipated that these events will provide the driver with a sufficient amount of time to prepare themselves for the transition of *** study explores conditionally and highly automated vehicle transitions of control by asking how drivers of differing skill levels(learner,intermediate and advanced)approach the task of designing an interface responsible for making transitions safer,more usable and more *** focus groups generated detailed designs for vehicle-to-driver transitions in an 1-h and a 10-min“out-of-the-loop”scenarios and transitions from driver to *** show great variation in the approaches taken by each skill group(e.g.,the reliance on visual interfaces for awareness assist and viewpoints on issues such as multimodal displays).Customization was a common theme throughout,with drivers desiring the option to adjust alert timings and modalities in which information is *** paper presents these designs along with a detailed comparison of group designs and implements distributed situation awareness theory to discuss findings and draw conclusions.

关键词： Handover Takeover Level 3 automation Interface design Automobile

Influence of direct electric current on wetting behavior during brazing

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Frontiers of Mechanical engineering 2020年第3期15卷 496-503页

作者： kirsten BOBZIN Wolfgang WIeTHeGeR Julian HeBING Lidong ZHAO Alexander SCHMIDT Riza ISKANDAR Joachim MAYeR Surface engineering Institute(IOT) RWTH Aachen University52072 AachenGermany Central Facility for electron Microscopy RWTH Aachen University52074 AachenGermany

The wetting behavior of liquid metals is of great importance for many processes. For brazing, however, a targeted modification beyond the adjustment of conventional process parameters or the actual set-up was not possible in the past. Therefore, the effect of direct electric current along the surface of a steel substrate on the wetting behavior and the formation of the spreading pattern of an industrial nickel-based filler metal was investigated at a temperature above T = 1000 °C in a vacuum brazing furnace. By applying direct current up to I = 60 A the wetted surface area could be increased and the spreading of the molten filler metal could be controlled in dependence of the polarity of the electric current. The electric component of the Lorentz force is supposed to be feasible reasons for the observed dependence of the electrical polarity on the filler metal spreading direction. To evaluate the influence of the electric current on the phase formation subsequent selective electron microscope analyses of the spreading pattern were carried out.

关键词： brazing electric current assisted wetting Lorentz force

Biosilica-glass formation using enzymes from sponges [silicatein]： Basic aspects and application in biomedicine [bone reconstitution material and osteoporosis]

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2011年第3期5卷 266-281页

作者： Shun-Feng WANG Xiao-Hong WANG Lu GAN Matthias wiens Heinz C. SCHRODeR Werner e, G. MOLLeR Werner e. G. MOLLeR National Research Center for Geoanalysis Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences 26 Baiwanzhuang Dajie Beijing 100037 China Institute of Physiological Chemistry University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Duesbergweg 6 D-55128 Mainz Germany

In the last 15 years biomineralization, in particular biosilicification （i.e., the formation of biogenic silica, SiO2）, has become an exciting source of inspiration for the development of novel bionic approaches, following ＂Nature as model＂. Among the silica forming organisms there are the sponges that have the unique property to catalyze their silica skeletons by a specific enzyme termed silicatein. In the present review we summarize the present state of knowledge on silicatein-mediated ＂biosilica＂ formation in marine sponges, the involvement of further molecules in silica metabolism and their potential application in biomedicine. Recent advancements in the production of bone replacement material and in the potential use as a component in the treatment of osteoporosis are highlighted.

关键词： biomineralization biosilica medicine biomaterials osteoporosis