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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第7期18卷 73-85页

作者： Sanggwon An Sangsoo Choi Hyeong Rae kim Jungho Hwang School of Mechanical Engineering Yonsei UniversitySeoul 02876Republic of Korea Gas Metrology Group Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science(KRISS)Daejeon 34113Republic of Korea

The World Health Organization has raised concerns about the possibility of airborne transmission in enclosed and poorly ventilated ***,rapid monitoring of airborne viruses is necessary in multi-use facilities with dense ***,an electrostatic air sampler(250 L/min)was developed in this work to obtain indoor viral aerosol samples for analysis via the Polymerase Chain Reaction(PCR).Aerosol tests with H1N1 and HCoV-229E were performed to evaluate the sample collection *** analysis,along with another aerosol test,was conducted to evaluate the recovery of the virus particles collected by the *** laboratory tests,our electrostatic sampler obtained viral samples that were detectable by PCR under the simulated viral pandemic scenario(3000 RNA copies per cubic meter of air)within 40 *** resulting cycle threshold(C)values were 35.07 and 37.1 for H1N1 and HCoV-229E,*** the performance evaluation in the laboratory,field tests were conducted in a university classroom from October 28 to December 2,*** A and HCoV-229E were detected in two air samples,and the corresponding C,values were 35.3 and *** PCR results are similar to those obtained from laboratory tests,considering the simulatedviralpandemic scenario.

关键词： Airborne virus Electrostatic sampler Rapid monitoring Indoor environment Field test

Real-world utility of serological tests in patients with suspected scrub typhus in the Republic of Korea:A single-center,retrospective,observational study

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2024年第6期17卷 273-280,I0004,I0005页

作者： Seulki kim A Reum kim Seungjin Lim Su Jin Lee Moonsuk Bae Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Internal MedicinePusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsanRepublic of Korea Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology Pusan National University Yangsan HospitalYangsanRepublic of Korea Department of Internal Medicine Pusan National University School of MedicineBusanRepublic of Korea

Objective:Serological tests are widely used for scrub typhus diagnosis;however,their limitations are *** study aims to assess their practical value in clinical ***:We analyzed the data of adult patients with suspected scrub typhus who visited a tertiary care hospital in the Republic of Korea from September to December from 2019 to *** included patients had an acute fever and at least one of the following ten secondary findings:myalgia,skin rash,eschar,headache,thrombocytopenia,increased liver enzyme levels,lymphadenopathy,hepatomegaly,splenomegaly,and pleural *** diagnoses were grouped as scrub typhus or other diseases by two infectious disease ***:Among 136 patients who met the eligibility criteria,109 had scrub typhus and 27 had different *** and paired total antibodies using immunofluorescence assay(IFA),and total antibodies using immunochromatography-based rapid diagnostic testing(ICT)were measured in 98%,22%,and 75%of all patients,*** using paired samples for scrub typhus was established at a median of 11[interquartile range(IQR)10-16]days following the first *** the 82 admitted patients,the median admission time was 9(IQR 7-13)*** to IFA,58(55%)patients with scrub typhus had total immunoglobulin titers≥1:320,while 23(85%)patients with other disease had titers<1:*** ICT results were observed in 64(74%)patients with scrub typhus and 10(67%)patients with other diseases showed negative ICT ***:Serological testing for scrub typhus is currently insufficient for decision-making in clinical practice.

关键词： Scrub typhus Serological test Immunofluorescence assay Immunochromatography Rapid detecting test

Mechanism of reduction-diffusion reaction in Sm-Fe binary system at low temperature using molten salts

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第10期42卷 1889-1894页

作者： Jungryang kim Shusuke Okada Kenta Takagi kimihiro Ozaki Innovative Functional Materials Research Institute National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)

In this study,the mechanism of the reduction-diffusion reaction in a Sm-Fe binary system at low temperature was studied to investigate the possibility of synthesis of a Fe-rich TbCu7-type SmFex（x>9）by the low-temperature diffusion-reduction（LTRD） process using LiCl-KCl eutectic molten ***,the Sm-Fe phase transformation depending on the Sm-Fe composition,the LTRD temperature,and time was investigated,and it is found that the obtained metastable phase is only TbCu7-type SmFe～8.5,which is not a Fe-rich *** Fe content does not change even after an expended LTRD process,and the metastable TbCu7-type SmFe～8.5tends to transform to the stable *** addition,it is found that the Sm-Fe phase starts to synthesize from the Sm-rich phase in the order of SmFe2,SmFe3,and SmFe8.5as the LTRD temperature increases（when the time was 10 h） or the LTRD time increases（when the temperature was 550℃）.Core-shell-like particles are observed in the case of a short LTRD time,and the core and the shell are Fe and the Sm-rich Sm-Fe phase,respectively,indicating that the Sm-rich phase begins to produce on the surface of the Fe *** is difficult to synthesize a Fe-rich TbCu7-type SmFex（x>9） phase with the Sm-Fe binary system,suggesting that a different approach,such as addition of other elements,will be necessary.

关键词： Low-temperature synthesis Molten salts Rare earths Reduction-diffusion process Sm–Fe compounds Synthesis mechanism

Integration of earth-abundant cocatalysts for high-performance photoelectrochemical energy conversion

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第1期88卷 336-355,I0008页

作者： Joonhee Ma Sang Hyun Ahn Soo Young kim Department of Materials Science and Engineering Korea UniversitySeoul 02841Republic of Korea School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science Chung-Ang University84 Heukseok-roDongjak-guSeoul 06974Republic of Korea

Photoelectrochemical(PEC)energy conversion has emerged as a promising and efficient approach to sustainable energy harvesting and *** utilizing semiconductor photoelectrodes,PEC devices can harness solar energy and drive electrochemical reactions such as water splitting or carbon dioxide(CO_(2))reduction to generate clean fuels and value-added ***,PEC energy conversion faces several challenges such as high overpotential,sluggish reaction kinetics,charge carrier recombination,and stability issues,which limit its practical ***,significant research has been conducted to improve the overall conversion efficiency of PEC *** particularly promising approach is the use of cocatalysts,which involves introducing specific cocatalysts onto the photoelectrode surface to promote charge separation,improve reaction kinetics,and reduce the overpotential,thereby enhancing the overall performance of PEC energy *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the earth-abundant cocatalysts for PEC water splitting and CO_(2) *** main earth-abundant catalysts for the PEC water splitting include transition-metal dichalcogenide(TMD)-based materials,metal phosphides/carbides,and metal oxides/***,PEC-CO_(2)RR was divided into C_(1) and C_(2+)based on the final product since various products could be produced,focusing on diverse earth-abundant materials-based *** addition,we provide and highlight key advancements achieved in the very recent reports on novel PEC system design engineering with ***,the current problems associated with PEC systems are discussed along with a suggested direction to overcome these obstacles.

关键词： Solar energy Photo-electrochemical Water splitting CO_(2)reduction Cocatalysts

Negative Stiffness Mechanism on An Asymmetric Wave Energy Converter by Using A Weakly Nonlinear Potential Model

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第4期38卷 689-700页

作者： Sunny Kumar POGULURI Dongeun kim Yoon Hyeok BAE Department of Ocean Engineering IIT MadrasChennaiIndia Multidisciplinary Graduate School Program for Wind Energy Jeju National UniversityJejuRepublic of Korea Mechanical and System Design Engineering Hongik UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea

Salter's duck,an asymmetrical wave energy converter(WEC)device,showed high efficiency in extracting energy from 2D regular waves in the past;yet,challenges remain for fluctuating wave *** can potentially be addressed by adopting a negative stiffness mechanism(NSM)in WEC devices to enhance system efficiency,even in highly nonlinear and steep 3D waves.A weakly nonlinear model was developed which incorporated a nonlinear restoring moment and NSM into the linear formulations and was applied to an asymmetric WEC using a time domain potential flow *** model was initially validated by comparing it with published experimental and numerical computational fluid dynamics *** current results were in good agreement with the published *** was found that the energy extraction increased in the range of 6%to 17%during the evaluation of the effectiveness of the NSM in regular *** irregular wave conditions,specifically at the design wave conditions for the selected test site,the energy extraction increased by 2.4%,with annual energy production increments of approximately *** findings highlight the potential of NSM in enhancing the performance of asymmetric WEC devices,indicating more efficient energy extraction under various wave conditions.

关键词： asymmetric wave energy converter negative stiffness mechanism weakly nonlinear potential flow power

On breakthroughs and limits: Resolving structural fine-tuning of photosynthetic supercomplexes

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 224-226页

作者： Eunchul kim Marcel Dann Division of Environmental Photobiology National Institute for Basic BiologySOKENDAlOkazaki 444-8585Japan Department of Basic Biology The Graduate University for Advanced StudiesSOKENDAlOkazaki 444-8585Japan Bio-Inspired Energy Conversion Technical University of DarmstadtSchnittspahnstraBe 1064287 DarmstadtGermany

Dynamic regulation of photosynthetic supercomplexes is a key strategy allowing plants to adjust their light-harvesting system in response to varying environmental light conditions(Bassi and Dall'Osto,2021).State transition(i.e.,acclimative re-distribution of peripheral antennae between photosystems[PSs]I and II)is one such regulation mechanism that maintains excitation balance between PSl and PSll.

关键词： complexes breakthrough maintain

Tetradentate Pt(Ⅱ)complex as a singlet exciton sensitizing host for highly efficient green fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes

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Science China Materials 2024年第8期67卷 2618-2627页

作者： Unhyeok Jo Seung Chan kim Chan Hee Ryu Kang Mun Lee Jae-Min kim Jun Yeob Lee School of Chemical Engineering Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwon-siGyeonggi-do 16419Republic of Korea Department of Chemistry Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion TechnologyKangwon National UniversityChuncheonGangwon 24341Republic of Korea Department of Advanced Materials Engineering Chung-Ang University4726Seodong-daeroDaedeok-myeonAnseong-siGyeonggi-do 17546Republic of Korea SKKU Advanced Institute of Nano Technology Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea SKKU Institute of Energy Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University2066Seobu-roJangan-guSuwonGyeonggi 16419Republic of Korea

Efficient green fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes were designed with a phosphorescent metal complex as a singlet exciton sensitizing host(SESH)for achieving high efficiency and low efficiency roll-off through exciton and polaron *** Pt(Ⅱ)complex(Pt-Trz)possessing a tetradentate ligand with a bulky blocking group not only suppresses the severe formation of excimer or dimer itself but also transfers radiative excitons to fluorescent dopant *** SESH assisted fluorescence(SESHF)device with Pt-Trz as the host exhibits the maximum external quantum efficiency of 13.3%and a lower efficiency roll-off compared with exciplex host device which is a general approach for harvesting triplet *** exciton dynamics modeling unravels that the SESHF device effectively utilizes triplet excitons in the host by intersystem crossing and resonance energy transfer from the triplet state of the host to the singlet state of the terminal *** quenching rates of the SESHF device are reduced by 11 times for triplet-triplet annihilation and 1.8 times for tripletpolaron annihilation compared with the exciplex device,which demonstrates that Pt-Trz could be a platform to be used as an efficient host for fluorophores.

关键词： singlet annihilation polaron

Towards high-performance and robust anion exchange membranes(AEMs)for water electrolysis:Super-acid-catalyzed synthesis of AEMs

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第6期93卷 478-510,I0012页

作者： Geun Woong Ryoo Sun Hwa Park Ki Chang Kwon jong Hun Kang Ho Won Jang Min Sang Kwon Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced Materials(RIAM)Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Interdisciplinary Materials Measurement Institute Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science(KRISS)Daejeon 34113Republic of Korea Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical ProcessSeoul National UniversitySeoul 08826Republic of Korea Department of Applied Measurement Science University of Science and TechnologyDaejeon 34113Republic of Korea

The increasing demand for hydrogen energy to address environmental issues and achieve carbon neutrality has elevated interest in green hydrogen production,which does not rely on fossil *** various hydrogen production technologies,anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer(AEMWE)has emerged as a next-generation technology known for its high hydrogen production efficiency and its ability to use non-metal ***,this technology faces significant challenges,particularly in terms of the membrane durability and low ionic *** address these challenges,research efforts have focused on developing membranes with a new backbone structure and anion exchange groups to enhance durability and ionic ***,the super-acid-catalyzed condensation(SACC)synthesis method stands out due to its user convenience,the ability to create high molecular weight(MW)polymers,and the use of oxygen-tolerant organic *** the synthesis of anion exchange membranes(AEMs)using the SACC method began in 2015,and despite growing interest in this synthesis approach,there remains a scarcity of review papers focusing on AEMs synthesized using the SACC *** review covers the basics of SACC synthesis,presents various polymers synthesized using this method,and summarizes the development of these polymers,particularly their building blocks including aryl,ketone,and anion exchange *** systematically describe the effects of changes in the molecular structure of each polymer component,conducted by various research groups,on the mechanical properties,conductivity,and operational stability of the *** review will provide insights into the development of AEMs with superior performance and operational stability suitable for water electrolysis applications.

关键词： Green hydrogen production Water electrolysis Anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer(AEMWE) Anion exchange membranes(AEMs) Super-acid-catalyzed condensation(SACC)

Determination of riding comfort on cycleways using a smartphone application

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2024年第4期11卷 747-760页

作者： Anna Niska Leif Sjögren Peter Andrén Christian Weber Tineke de jong Aslak Fyhri Department of Infrastructure Maintenance Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute(VTI)Linköping SE-58195Sweden Department of Safety and Behavior Institute of Transport EconomicsGaustadalleen 210349 OsloNorway

Well maintained cycleways will encourage more people to cycle,as the condition of cycleways is important for the safety,accessibility and riding comfort of *** that,only a few models used to describe the quality of service for cyclists take the surface condition into *** measuring methods are needed to enable reliable and effective assessment of surface conditions,and measurable performance criteria related to the needs of cyclists should be *** purpose of this study has been to test the reliability and validity of using accelerometers in smartphones to assess the riding comfort on cycleways.A smartphone application converting three-dimensional accelerometer measurements into a single indicator for cycleways has been used to assess road surfaces in two field studies,in Sweden and Norway,*** studies assessed test sections of varying *** relate the measurements to subjective riding comfort assessments by cyclists,recruited cyclists collected quantitative data using the app,whilst also rating their perceived riding comfort by completing a *** were also related to standard road surface condition indicators,generated from a road surface tester equipped with 19 laser sensors:international roughness index(IRI),mega-and *** results show that it is possible to describe the unevenness of a cycleway using the technology present in smartphones.A software application can be used to collect and analyse data from the acceleration sensors in the phone,which can then be used to describe the riding comfort of *** is mainly the unevenness in the 50-1000 mm sizerange that create the greatest discomfort for cyclists,and intermittent vibrations are perceived as more uncomfortable than more evenly distributed ***,IRI is not a relevant measurement for describing the riding comfort of cyclists.

关键词： Cyclist Comfort Assessment Road surface measurement Smartphone application

An Empirical Study on the Effectiveness of Adversarial Examples in Malware Detection

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第6期139卷 3535-3563页

作者： Younghoon Ban Myeonghyun kim Haehyun Cho School of Software Soongsil UniversitySeoul06978Korea

Antivirus vendors and the research community employ Machine Learning(ML)or Deep Learning(DL)-based static analysis techniques for efficient identification of new threats,given the continual emergence of novel malware *** the other hand,numerous researchers have reported that Adversarial Examples(AEs),generated by manipulating previously detected malware,can successfully evade ML/DL-based *** antivirus systems,in particular,have been identified as vulnerable to such *** paper firstly focuses on conducting black-box attacks to circumvent ML/DL-based malware *** attack method utilizes seven different perturbations,including Overlay Append,Section Append,and Break Checksum,capitalizing on the ambiguities present in the PE format,as previously employed in evasion attack *** directly applying the perturbation techniques to PE binaries,our attack method eliminates the need to grapple with the problem-feature space dilemma,a persistent challenge in many evasion attack *** a black-box attack,our method can generate AEs that successfully evade both DL-based and ML-based ***,AEs generated by the attack method retain their executability and malicious behavior,eliminating the need for functionality *** thorogh evaluations,we confirmed that the attack method achieves an evasion rate of 65.6%against well-known ML-based malware detectors and can reach a remarkable 99%evasion rate against well-known DL-based malware ***,our AEs demonstrated the capability to bypass detection by 17%of vendors out of the 64 on VirusTotal(VT).In addition,we propose a defensive approach that utilizes Trend Locality Sensitive Hashing(TLSH)to construct a similarity-based defense *** several experiments on the approach,we verified that our defense model can effectively counter AEs generated by the perturbation *** conclusion,our defense model alleviates the limitation of the mos

关键词： Malware classification machine learning adversarial examples evasion attack cybersecurity