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Convergence Track Based Adaptive Differential Evolution Algorithm(CTbADE)

Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第7期72卷 1229-1250页

作者： Qamar Abbas khalid mahmood malik Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar Muhammad Badruddin Khan Mozaherul Hoque Abul Hasanat Abdullah AlTameem Mohammed AlKhathami Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering International Islamic UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Oakland UniversityRochesterMIUSA Information Systems Department College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)RiyadhSaudi Arabia

One of the challenging problems with evolutionary computing algorithms is to maintain the balance between exploration and exploitation capability in order to search global optima.A novel convergence track based adaptive differential evolution(CTbADE)algorithm is presented in this research paper.The crossover rate and mutation probability parameters in a differential evolution algorithm have a significant role in searching global optima.A more diverse population improves the global searching capability and helps to escape from the local optima problem.Tracking the convergence path over time helps enhance the searching speed of a differential evolution algorithm for varying problems.An adaptive powerful parameter-controlled sequences utilized learning period-based memory and following convergence track over time are introduced in this paper.The proposed algorithm will be helpful in maintaining the equilibrium between an algorithm’s exploration and exploitation capability.A comprehensive test suite of standard benchmark problems with different natures,i.e.,unimodal/multimodal and separable/non-separable,was used to test the convergence power of the proposed CTbADE algorithm.Experimental results show the significant performance of the CTbADE algorithm in terms of average fitness,solution quality,and convergence speed when compared with standard differential evolution algorithms and a few other commonly used state-of-the-art algorithms,such as jDE,CoDE,and EPSDE algorithms.This algorithm will prove to be a significant addition to the literature in order to solve real time problems and to optimize computationalmodels with a high number of parameters to adjust during the problem-solving process.

关键词： Differential evolution function optimization convergence track parameter sequence adaptive control parameters

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Navigating Long-Term Management Challenges in Short Bowel Syndrome: A Case Report of Chronic Intestinal Failure Complicated by Kidney Dysfunction

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Open Journal of Internal Medicine 2024年第2期14卷 175-180页

作者： Abraamyan Feruza Prasad Thajus Salk Spencer mahmood khalid Internal Medicine Department Sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville California USA Idaho College of Osteopathic Medicine Idaho USA

The most common cause of intestinal failure is short bowel syndrome (SBS), occurring as a result of a small functional intestine length, usually less than 200 cm, leading to intestinal malabsorption. A 59-year-old female with a past medical history of Crohns disease status post total colectomy with ileostomy over 20 years ago came to the hospital due to progressive weakness. Despite medical management, the patient had high ileostomy output, leading to electrolyte disbalance, metabolic acidosis, dehydration, and progressive kidney decline. Due to the high dependence on continuous fluid supplementation, it was decided to place a port for parenteral hydration to maintain fluid replacements and homeostasis after discharge. Prompt initiation of parenteral fluid replacement and close follow-up on patients with ileostomy and intestinal failure is strongly recommended to avoid complications and prevent intestinal, liver, or kidney transplants.

关键词： Crohn’s Disease Intestinal Failure Short Bowel Syndrome High Ileostomy Output TPN

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Defocus blur detection using novel local directional mean patterns(LDMP)and segmentation via KNN matting

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2022年第2期16卷 110-122页

作者： Awais KHAN Aun IRTAZA Ali JAVED Tahira NAZIR Hafiz malik khalid mahmood malik Muhammad Ammar KHAN Department of Computer Science University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MichiganDearbornMI 48128USA Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and TechnologyTaxila 47050Pakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Oakland UniversityMI 48309USA

Detection and segmentation of defocus blur is a challenging task in digital imaging applications as the blurry images comprise of blur and sharp regions that wrap significant information and require effective methods for information extraction.Existing defocus blur detection and segmentation methods have several limitations i.e.,discriminating sharp smooth and blurred smooth regions,low recognition rate in noisy images,and high computational cost without having any prior knowledge of images i.e.,blur degree and camera configuration.Hence,there exists a dire need to develop an effective method for defocus blur detection,and segmentation robust to the above-mentioned limitations.This paper presents a novel features descriptor local directional mean patterns(LDMP)for defocus blur detection and employ KNN matting over the detected LDMP-Trimap for the robust segmentation of sharp and blur regions.We argue/hypothesize that most of the image fields located in blurry regions have significantly less specific local patterns than those in the sharp regions,therefore,proposed LDMP features descriptor should reliably detect the defocus blurred regions.The fusion of LDMP features with KNN matting provides superior performance in terms of obtaining high-quality segmented regions in the image.Additionally,the proposed LDMP features descriptor is robust to noise and successfully detects defocus blur in high-dense noisy images.Experimental results on Shi and Zhao datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of defocus blur detection.Evaluation and comparative analysis signify that our method achieves superior segmentation performance and low computational cost of 15 seconds.

关键词： defocus blur detection local directional mean patterns image matting sharpness metrics blur segmentation

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Robust Watermarking Scheme for NIfTI Medical Images

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第5期71卷 3107-3125页

作者： Abhishek Kumar Kamred Udham Singh Visvam Devadoss Ambeth Kumar Tapan Kant Abdul Khader Jilani Saudagar Abdullah Al Tameem Mohammed Al Khathami Muhammad Badruddin Khan Mozaherul Hoque Abul Hasanat khalid mahmood malik School of Computer Science and IT JAIN(Deemed to be University)Bangalore560069India Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Cheng Kung UniversityTainan701Taiwan Department of Computer Science&Engineering Panimalar Engineering CollegeAnna UniversityChennai600123India Patna Women’s College Patna800001India Information Systems Department College of Computer and Information SciencesImam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)Riyadh11432Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Oakland UniversityRochester48309USA

Computed Tomography(CT)scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI)technologies are widely used in medical field.Within the last few months,due to the increased use of CT scans,millions of patients have had their CT scans done.So,as a result,images showing the Corona Virus for diagnostic purposes were digitally transmitted over the internet.The major problem for the world health care system is a multitude of attacks that affect copyright protection and other ethical issues as images are transmitted over the internet.As a result,it is important to apply a robust and secure watermarking technique to these images.Notably,watermarking schemes have been developed for various image formats,including.jpg,.bmp,and.png,but their impact on NIfTI(Neuroimaging Informatics Technology Initiative)images is not noteworthy.A watermarking scheme based on the Lifting Wavelet Transform(LWT)and QR factorization is presented in this paper.When LWT and QR are combined,the NIfTI image maintains its inherent sensitivity and mitigates the watermarking scheme’s robustness.Multiple watermarks are added to the host image in this approach.Measuring the performance of the graphics card is done by using PSNR,SSIM,Q(a formula which measures image quality),SNR,and Normalized correlation.The watermarking scheme withstands a variety of noise attacks and conversions,including image compression and decompression.

关键词： Watermarking NIfTI LWT QR image security

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Challenges in Diagnosing and Managing Dieulafoy’s Lesions: A Case Report Highlighting the Importance of Clinical Suspicion and Multidisciplinary Approach in Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第3期14卷 80-86页

作者： Feruza Abraamyan Neeladri Misra Kenneth Tran khalid mahmood Benjamin Coombs Shilpa Lingala Sutter Roseville Medical Center Roseville USA

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding remains a significant cause of hospital admissions. Even though the incidence of peptic ulcer disease and gastritis is decreasing, the incidence rates in neoplasm, Dieulafoy’s lesions, angiodysplasia, and esophagitis are trending up, which necessities physicians to be aware of those pathologies and their specifics. Here, we represent a case of a 62-year-old male on dual antiplatelet therapy who was transferred to our hospital due to severe melena with suspicion of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Due to hemodynamic instability, the patient was intubated and started on vasopressors. However, several repeated EGDs and CTs of the abdomen with GI bleeding protocol did not reveal the location of active bleeding to stop it. At the same time, clinically, the patient was hemodynamically unstable with continued melena. On the last EGD, a small area of concern resembling gastric varix was clipped for identification purposes, and the patient underwent a selective angiogram with further diagnosis of Dieulafoy’s lesion, which was successfully embolized. Our case demonstrates that Dieulafoy’s lesions can present as severe life-threatening hemorrhage, hard to diagnose with traditional methods such as EGD or CTs, in which case it is recommended to proceed with an angiogram sooner rather than later for further diagnosis and treatment if needed.

关键词： Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Dieulafoy’s Lesion Angiodysplasia Melena Hematochezia EGD Angiogram Embolization

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Diagnosis and Management of Childhood Tuberculosis: A Cross-Sectional Study of Practices in Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2024年第2期12卷 57-72页

作者： khalid mahmood Razia Fatima Aashifa Yaqoob Faheem Jan Zia Samad Mahboob Ul Haq National Tuberculosis Control Program Islamabad Pakistan

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major killer diseases among infectious diseases. The success of TB control depends on the capability of the health care system to detect and accurately manage TB cases. Tuberculosis in children remained a low public health priority with limited epidemiologic studies. Struggles for TB control in children need to be enhanced as children are providing the reservoir for future cases to develop. Objectives: The study evaluated diagnostic and treatment practices related to childhood pulmonary tuberculosis in Gilgit Baltistan (GB), Pakistan. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study based on retrospective record review of childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis patients registered in the year 2020 with self-administered questionnaire. Results: Data of 557 childhood cases were collected. Most childhood cases were in age group 1 - 4 years (54%) with male predominance. More than 90% were diagnosed and treated at public sector facilities. 99% of the cases were clinically diagnosed with passive case finding. Cough was considered as a symptom of childhood Tuberculosis (TB) by 94% of physicians. Other important features included failure to thrive (13%), contact with a family history of TB (15%), Malnutrition(24%) and respiratory signs (21%). 99% physicians advised chest X-ray, Complete blood count (CBC) (95%) and Erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) (72%) for diagnosis and fewer physicians (2%) used sputum smear microscopy and induced sputum (0.1%). Combining data on dosage, frequency and duration for drugs, 99% of the cases were found receiving correct regimen. The treatment outcomes of the cases were cured 4 (0.8%), treatment completed 551 (99.3%) and died 2 (0.4%) with no lost to follow up. Conclusions: The study highlights inappropriate diagnostic and treatment practices for managing childhood pulmonary TB among physicians in public and private sectors of Gilgit Baltistan. Most of the cases are managed by general practitioners with no post graduate qualification in medicine or pedi

关键词： Childhood Tuberculosis Management Respiratory Signs

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Natural Convection and Irreversibility of Nanofluid Due to Inclined Magnetohydrodynamics(MHD)Filled in a Cavity with Y-Shape Heated Fin:FEM Computational

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2024年第5期139卷 1505-1519页

作者： Afraz Hussain Majeed Rashid mahmood Sayed M.Eldin Imran Saddique S.Saleem Muhammad Jawad School of Energy and Power Engineering Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang212013China Department of Mathematics Air UniversityIslamabad44000Pakistan Center of Research Faculty of EngineeringFuture University in EgyptNew Cairo11835Egypt Department of Mathematics University of Management and TechnologyLahore54770Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of SargodhaSargodha40100Pakistan Department of Mathematics College of ScienceKing Khalid UniversityAbha61413Saudi Arabia Faculty of Sciences The Superior UniversityLahore54000Pakistan

This study explains the entropy process of natural convective heating in the nanofluid-saturated cavity in a heated fin andmagnetic field.The temperature is constant on the Y-shaped fin,insulating the topwall while the remaining walls remain cold.All walls are subject to impermeability and non-slip conditions.The mathematical modeling of the problem is demonstrated by the continuity,momentum,and energy equations incorporating the inclined magnetic field.For elucidating the flow characteristics Finite ElementMethod(FEM)is implemented using stable FE pair.A hybrid fine mesh is used for discretizing the domain.Velocity and thermal plots concerning parameters are drawn.In addition,a detailed discussion regarding generation energy by monitoring changes in magnetic,viscous,total,and thermal irreversibility is provided.In addition,line graphs are created for the u and v components of the velocity profile to predict the flow behavior.Current simulations assume the dimensionless representative of magnetic field Hartmann number Ha between 0 and 100 and a magnetic field inclination between 0 and 90 degrees.A constant 4% volume proportion of nanoparticles is employed throughout all scenarios.

关键词： Finite element method nanomaterials entropy MHD square cavity Y-fin

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Decision-Making Problems under the Environment of m-Polar Diophantine Neutrosophic N-Soft Set

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2022年第1期129卷 581-606页

作者： Shouzhen Zeng Shahbaz Ali Muhammad khalid mahmood Florentin Smarandache Daud Ahmad School of Business Ningbo UniversityNingbo315211China College of Statistics andMathematics Zhejiang Gongshang UniversityHangzhou310018China Department of Mathematics Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering&Information TechnologyRahim Yar Khan64200Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of the PunjabLahore54590Pakistan Department of Mathematics and Science University of NewMexicoGallupNM87301USA

Fuzzy models are present everywhere from natural to artificial structures,embodying the dynamic processes in physical,biological,and social systems.As real-life problems are often uncertain on account of inconsistent and indeterminate information,it seems very demanding for an expert to solve those problems using a fuzzy model.In this regard,we develop a hybrid new model m-polar Diophantine neutrosophic N-soft set which is based on neutrosophic set and soft set.Additionally,we define several different sorts of compliments on the proposed set.A proposed set is a generalized form of fuzzy,soft,Pythagorean fuzzy,Pythagorean fuzzy soft,and Pythagorean fuzzy N-soft sets.In thismanner,m-polar Diophantine neutrosophic N-soft set is more proficient,a versatile model to oversee vulnerabilities as it likewise survives the downsides of existing models which are to be summed up.Furthermore,we give the application of the proposed set in multi-attribute decision-making problems by defining a new choice-value function.

关键词： Neutrosophic set soft set N-soft set m-polar diophantine neutrosophic N-soft set decision making

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An enhanced scheme for mutual authentication for healthcare services

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第2期8卷 150-161页

作者： Salman Shamshad Muhammad Faizan Ayub khalid mahmood Saru Kumari Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry Chien-Ming Chen Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadSahiwal Campus57000Pakistan Department of Mathematics Ch.Charan Singh UniversityMeerutUttar Pradesh250004India Department of Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureIstanbul Gelisim UniversityIstanbulTurkey College of Computer Science and Engineering Shandong University of Science and TechnologyQingdao266590China Riphah School of Computing&Innovation(RSCI) Riphah International UniversityLahore CampusLahore 55150Pakistan Department of Mathematics University of Padua35131 PaduaItaly

With the advent of state-of-art technologies,the Telecare Medicine Information System(TMIS)now offers fast and convenient healthcare services to patients at their doorsteps.However,this architecture engenders new risks and challenges to patients'and the server's confidentiality,integrity and security.In order to avoid any resource abuse and malicious attack,employing an authentication scheme is widely considered as the most effective approach for the TMIS to verify the legitimacy of patients and the server.Therefore,several authentication protocols have been proposed to this end.Very recently,Chaudhry et al.identified that there are vulnerabilities of impersonation attacks in Islam et al.'s scheme.Therefore,they introduced an improved protocol to mitigate those security flaws.Later,Qiu et al.proved that these schemes are vulnerable to the man-in-the-middle,impersonation and offline password guessing attacks.Thus,they introduced an improved scheme based on the fuzzy verifier techniques,which overcome all the security flaws of Chaudhry et al.'s scheme.However,there are still some security flaws in Qiu et al.'s protocol.In this article,we prove that Qiu et al.'s protocol has an incorrect notion of perfect user anonymity and is vulnerable to user impersonation attacks.Therefore,we introduce an improved protocol for authentication,which reduces all the security flaws of Qiu et al.'s protocol.We also make a comparison of our protocol with related protocols,which shows that our introduced protocol is more secure and efficient than previous protocols.

关键词： Authentication protocol Security protocol Anonymous protocol Impersonation attack TMIS

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Blockchain and IIoT Enabled Solution for Social Distancing and Isolation Management to Prevent Pandemics

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第7期76卷 687-709页

作者： Muhammad Saad Maaz Bin Ahmad Muhammad Asif Muhammad khalid Khan Toqeer mahmood Elsayed Tag Eldin Hala Abdel Hameed College of Computing and Information Sciences Karachi Institute of Economics&TechnologyKarachiPakistan Department of Computer Science Lahore Garrison UniversityLahorePakistan Department of Computer Science National Textile UniversityFaisalabad37610Pakistan Faculty of Engineering and Technology Future University in Egypt New Cairo11835Egypt Faculty of Computer and Information Systems Fayoum UniversityFaiyumEgypt Khaybar Applied College Taibah UniversityMedinaSaudi Arabia

Pandemics have always been a nightmare for humanity,especially in developing countries.Forced lockdowns are considered one of the effective ways to deal with spreading such pandemics.Still,developing countries cannot afford such solutions because these may severely damage the country’s econ-omy.Therefore,this study presents the proactive technological mechanisms for business organizations to run their standard business processes during pandemic-like situations smoothly.The novelty of this study is to provide a state-of-the-art solution to prevent pandemics using industrial internet of things(IIoT)and blockchain-enabled technologies.Compared to existing studies,the immutable and tamper-proof contact tracing and quarantine management solution is proposed.The use of advanced technologies and information security is a critical area for practitioners in the internet of things(IoT)and corresponding solutions.Therefore,this study also emphasizes information security,end-to-end solution,and experimental results.Firstly,a wearable wristband is proposed,incorporating 4G-enabled ultra-wideband(UWB)technology for smart contact tracing mechanisms in industries to comply with standard operating procedures outlined by the world health organization(WHO).Secondly,distributed ledger technology(DLT)omits the centralized dependency for transmitting contact tracing data.Thirdly,a privacy-preserving tracing mechanism is discussed using a public/private key cryptography-based authentication mechanism.Lastly,based on geofencing techniques,blockchain-enabled machine-to-machine(M2M)technology is proposed for quarantine management.The step-by-step methodology and test results are proposed to ensure contact tracing and quarantine management.Unlike existing research studies,the security aspect is also considered in the realm of blockchain.The practical implementation of the proposed solution also obtains the results.The results indicate the successful implementation of blockchain-enabled contact tracing and isolation management using IoT and

关键词： Blockchain contact tracing distributed ledger technology geo-fencing internet of things industrial internet of things isolation management social distancing ultra-wideband

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