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macular carotenoid supplementation improves disability glare performance and dynamics of photostress recovery

Eye and Vision 2016年第1期3卷 231-238页

作者： James m.Stringham kevin J.O’Brien Nicole T.Stringham Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory Department of Physiology and PharmacologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Vision Sciences Laboratory Department of PsychologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Program Biomedical Health Sciences InstituteUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA

Background:The so-called macular carotenoids(mC)lutein(L),zeaxanthin(Z),and meso-zeaxanthin(mZ)comprise the diet-derived macular pigment(mP).The purpose of this study was to determine effects of mC supplementation on the optical density of mP(mPOD),repeated-exposure photostress recovery(PSR),and disability glare(DG)***:This was a double-blind,placebo-controlled ***-nine young(mean age=21.7),healthy volunteers participated in this *** supplemented their daily diet with either 10 mg L+2 mg total Z(1 mg Z+1 mg mZ;n=24),20 mg L+4 mg total Z(2 mg Z+2 mg mZ;n=25),or placebo(n=10)for 12 *** primary outcome was a composite measure of visual performance in glare,defined by change in DG and *** outcomes included mPOD and visual *** primary endpoint for outcomes was 12 *** was assessed with customized heterochromatic flicker *** times for an 8 cycle/degree,15%contrast Gabor patch target were determined after each of five successive exposures to intense LED *** threshold was defined as the intensity of a ring of lights through which subjects were able to maintain visibility of the aforementioned *** of all parameters were conducted at baseline,6 months,and 12 ***-measures ANOVA,and Pearson product-moment correlations were used to determine statistically significant correlations,and changes within and between ***:mPOD for subjects in both supplementation groups increased significantly versus placebo at both 6-and 12-month visits(pmes and DG thresholds improved significantly from baseline compared to placebo at 6-and 12-month visits(pmPOD was significantly related to both DG thresholds(r=0.444;p=0.0021)and PSR times(r=-0.56;pmPOD,the repeated-exposure PSR curves became more asymptotic,as opposed to *** change in subjects’DG thresholds were significantly related to chang

关键词： Lutein Zeaxanthin mesozeaxanthin Visual performance Photostress recovery Disability glare macular pigment Visual cycle

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NPR1 as a transgenic crop protection strategy in horticultural species

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Horticulture Research 2018年第1期5卷 751-761页

作者： Katchen Julliany P.Silva Nasser mahna Zhonglin mou kevin m.Folta Horticultural Sciences Department University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA Department of Horticultural Sciences University of TabrizTabrizIran Department of microbiology and Cell Science University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA Graduate Program in Plant molecular and Cellular Biology University of FloridaGainesvilleFL32611USA

The NPR1(NONEXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS RELATED GENES1)gene has a central role in the long-lasting,broad-spectrum defense response known as systemic acquired resistance(SAR).When overexpressed in a transgenic context in Arabidopsis thaliana,this gene enhances resistance to a number of biotic and abiotic *** position as a key regulator of defense across diverse plant species makes NPR1 a strong candidate gene for genetic engineering disease and stress tolerance into other ***-value horticultural crops face many new challenges from pests and pathogens,and their emergence exceeds the pace of traditional breeding,making the application of NPR1-based strategies potentially useful in fruit and vegetable ***,plants overexpressing NPR1 occasionally present detrimental morphological traits that make its application less *** practical utility of NPR-based approaches will be a balance of resistance gains versus other *** this review,we summarize the progress on the understanding of NPR1-centered applications in horticultural and other crop *** also discuss the effect of the ectopic expression of the *** NPR1 gene and its orthologs in crop plants and outline the future challenges of using NPR1 in agricultural applications.

关键词： NPR1 breeding attractive

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How does Covid-19 affect global equity markets?

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Financial Innovation 2022年第1期8卷 624-642页

作者： Eddie C.m.Hui Ka Kwan kevin Chan ZN744 Department of Building and Real EstateThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomHong KongChina

This study applies OLS,panel regression and Granger causality test to investigate the impact of the Coronavirus disease 2019(Covid-19)outbreak on the global equity markets during the early stage of the *** find that the Covid-19 outbreak has a significant negative impact on the overall equity index return of the eight economies even at 0.1%significance ***,the pandemic has a more significant impact on the European countries than on the East Asian *** results have three main ***,policy makers should react fast to mitigate the impact of a ***,investors should be aware of an outbreak of disease or other risks and adjust their investments ***,the Covid-19 outbreak results in a shift of power from the west to the east.

关键词： Covid-19 Confirmed cases Panel regression Equity index

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Linear spectral unmixing algorithm for modelling suspended sediment concentration of flash floods,upper Tekeze River,Ethiopia

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第1期35卷 79-90页

作者： Hagos G.Gebreslassie Assefa m.melesse kevin Bishop Azage G.Gebremariam Ethiopian Institute of Water Resources Addis Ababa University Department of NRm Adigrat University Department of Earth and Environment Florida International Universities Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment Swedish Universities of Agricultural Science

Flash floods are the highest sediment transporting agent,but are inaccessible for in-situ sampling and have rarely been analyzed by remote sensing *** and field experiments were done to develop linear spectral unmixing(LSU) remote sensing model and evaluate its performance in simulating the suspended sediment concentration(SSC) in flash *** models were developed from continuous monitoring in the laboratory and the onsite spectral signature of river bed sediment deposits and flash floods in the Tekeze River and in its tributary,the Tsirare *** Pearson correlation coefficient was used to determine the variability of correlations between reflectance and *** coefficient of determination(R2) and root mean square of error(RmSE) were used to evaluate the performance of the generated *** results found that the Pearson correlation coefficient between SSCs and reflectance varied based on the level of the SSCs,geological colors,and grain *** performance of the LSU model and empirical remote sensing approaches were computed to be R2=0.92,and RmSE=±0.76 g/1 in the Tsirare River and R2=0.91,and RmSE=±0.73 g/1 in the Tekeze River and R2=0.81,RmSE=±2.65 g/l in the Tsirare river and R2=0.76,RmSE=±10.87 g/l in the Tekeze River,***,the LSU approach of remote sensing was found to be relatively accurate in monitoring and modeling the variability of SSCs that could be applied to the upper Tekeze River basin.

关键词： Empirical remote sensing Flash floods Linear spectral unmixing Suspended sediment concentration Tekeze River

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Apparent relationships between anthropogenic factors and climate change indicators and POPs deposition in a lacustrine system

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第9期31卷 174-182页

作者： Hanxiao Zhang Shouliang Huo kevin m. Yeager Chaocan Li Beidou Xi Jingtian Zhang Zhuoshi He Chunzi ma State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Science Beijing 100012 China Department Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Kentucky Lexington KY 40506 USA

Climate change and anthropogenic activities are expected to impact the environmental behaviors and fates of persistent organic pollutants(POPs), however, quantitative studies on these combined factors are scarce. In this study, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane(DDTs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), and polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)were used as examples to identify how and when those factors may be related to the deposition of POPs in the sediment of Lake Chaohu, China, using generalized additive models(GAms). Three historical trends of DDT, PAH, and PCB deposition were delineated in a dated sediment core encompassing ~100 years of historical record: a steady state or gradually increasing stage, a rapidly increasing stage, and a declining stage. The GAm results showed that aquatic total phosphorus(TP) concentrations and regional GDP(anthropogenic factors) were dominant contributors to POP accumulation rates in the lake sediment. The fitted relationships between air temperature and sedimentary DDT and PAH concentrations were linear and negative, while a positive linear relationship was found for PCBs, suggesting that Lake Chaohu may have become a net source for DDTs and PAHs, and a sink for PCBs, under a progressively warming climate.

关键词： POPs Lake sediment Generalized additive models Climate change

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Influence of 3d transition-metal substitution on the oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysis of ternary nitrides in acid

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Nano Research 2019年第9期12卷 2307-2312页

作者： kevin E. Fritz Yichen Yan Jin Suntivich Department of material Science and Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNew York 14850USA Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science IthacaNew York 14850USA

The development of non-precious,acid-stable,oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)electrocatalysts can significantly aid the commercialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEmFCs).We report a survey of the ORR electrocatalysis on 3d metal substituted(m=mn,Fe,Co)molybdenum and tungsten nitrides in acidic *** find that molybdate catalysts are more active than tungstates,with the specific activity depending on the chemistry of the substituted 3d *** both families,more electronegative 3d metals led to higher ORR activity(i.e.,Co>Fe>mn).We attribute this result to the ability of the more electro negative 3d metal to withdraw electro ns from the mo-or W-based active sites,effectively oxidizing the metal centers of the *** on our observation,future nitride ORR electrocatalysts can be further optimized by oxidizing the mo sites further by,for example,addi ng eve n more electro negative dopa nt metals or in corporati ng anion vaca ncies.

关键词： nitrides electrocatalysis fuel cells oxygen reduction

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High-grade pancreatic intraepithelial lesions： prevalence and implications in pancreatic neoplasia

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第2期16卷 202-208页

作者： Jean R Park Feng Li Veeral m Oza Brett C Sklaw kevin m Cronley michael Wellner Benjamin Swanson Somashekar G Krishna Division of Hospital medicine The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA Department of Pathology The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Columbus Ohio USA

BACKGROUND： High-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia（Pan IN-3）, a precursor of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma（PDAC）, is not universally detected in resected pancreatic neoplasms. We sought to determine the prevalence and prognostic relevance of Pan IN-3 lesions in primary surgical resections of PDACs and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms（IPmNs）.mETHODS： A retrospective review of a tertiary care center pathology database（1/2000-6/2014） was performed. Demographics, imaging, pathology, disease-recurrence, and survival data were ***： A total of 458 patients who underwent primary pancreatic resection were included. “Pan IN-3” lesions were found in 74（16.2%） patients who either had PDAC（n=67） or main duct（mD）-IPmN（n=7）. Among IPmN-mDs, Pan IN-3 lesions were exclusively found in those with pathological evidence of chronic pancreatitis. For PDACs, the median overall survival（OS） for pancreata with Pan IN-3 lesions was significantly better than those without（OS 1.12 years, interquartile range [IQR] 0.72, 2.05 years vs OS 0.86 years, IQR 0.64,1.60 years respectively; P=0.04）. multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that the presence of Pan IN-3 lesions was associated with a reduced risk of death（HR=0.43; 95% CI： 0.23-0.82; P=0.01）.CONCLUSIONS： Following primary resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the lower survival observed in patients without Pan IN-3 lesions might suggest a state of complete or accelerated transformation. Further investigations are necessary to validate these findings that might impact disease prognosis and management.

关键词： pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms pancreatic neoplasia pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

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Environment-dependent attack rates of cryptic and aposematic butterflies

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Current Zoology 2018年第5期64卷 663-669页

作者： Brett m. SEYmOURE Andrew RAYmUNDO kevin J. mCGRAW W. OWEN mCmILLAN Ronald L, RUTOWSKI Department of Biology Colorado State University Fort Collins CO 80523 USA School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85287 USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Panama City Panama

many organisms have evolved adaptive coloration that reduces their risk of predation. Cryptic colo- ration reduces the likelihood of detection/recognition by potential predators, while warning or aposematic coloration advertises unprofitability and thereby reduces the likelihood of attack. Although some studies show that aposematic coloration functions better at decreasing attack rate than crypsis, recent work has suggested and demonstrated that crypsis and aposematism are both successful strategies for avoiding predation. Furthermore, the visual environment （e.g., ambient lighting, background） affects the ability for predators to detect prey. We investigated these 2 related hypoth- eses using 2 well-known visually aposematic species of Heliconius butterflies, which occupy differ- ent habitats （open-canopy vs. closed-canopy）, and one palatable, cryptic, generalist species Junonia coenia. We tested if the differently colored butterflies differ in attack rates by placing plasti- cine models of each of the 3 species in 2 different tropical habitats where the butterflies naturally occur： disturbed, open-canopy habitat and forested, closed-canopy habitat. The cryptic model had fewer attacks than one of the aposematic models. Predation rates differed between the 2 habitats, with the open habitat having much higher predation. However, we did not find an interaction between species and habitat type, which is perplexing due to the different aposematic phenotypes naturally occurring in different habitats. Our findings suggest that during the Panamanian dry sea- son avian predation on perched butterflies is not a leading cause in habitat segregation between the 2 aposematic species and demonstrate that cryptically colored animals at rest may be better than aposematic prey at avoiding avian attacks in certain environments.

关键词： avian attacks camouflage Heliconius Junonia light environment plasticine models predation warning coloration.

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Intravitreal stem cell paracrine properties as a potential neuroprotective therapy for retinal photoreceptor neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第9期15卷 1631-1638页

作者： kevin Puertas-Neyra Ricardo Usategui-martín Rosa mCoco Ivan Fernandez-Bueno Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiologia Aplicada Universidad de ValladolidValladolidSpain Centro en Red de medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y Leon ValladolidSpain Red Tematica de Investigacion Cooperativa en Salud OftaredInstituto de Salud CarlosⅢValladolidSpain

Retinal degenerations are the leading causes of irreversible visual loss worldwide. many pathologies included under this umbrella involve progressive degeneration and ultimate loss of the photoreceptor cells, with age-related macular degeneration and inherited and ischemic retinal diseases the most relevant. These diseases greatly impact patients' daily lives, with accompanying marked social and economic consequences. However, the currently available treatments only delay the onset or slow progression of visual impairment, and there are no cures for these photoreceptor diseases. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies are being investigated, such as gene therapy, optogenetics, cell replacement, or cell-based neuroprotection. Specifically, stem cells can secrete neurotrophic, immunomodulatory, and anti-angiogenic factors that potentially protect and preserve retinal cells from neurodegeneration. Further, neuroprotection can be used in different types of retinal degenerative diseases and at different disease stages, unlike other potential therapies. This review summarizes stem cell-based paracrine neuroprotective strategies for photoreceptor degeneration, which are under study in clinical trials, and the latest preclinical studies. Effective retinal neuroprotection could be the next frontier in photoreceptor diseases, and the development of novel neuroprotective strategies will address the unmet therapeutic needs.

关键词： clinical trials growth factors intraocular injection intravitreal injection neuroprotection paracrine properties photoreceptors preclinical models retinal diseases stem cells

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Sodium and water perturbations in patients who had an acute stroke:clinical relevance and management strategies for the neurologist

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第3期7卷 258-266页

作者： kevin C J Yuen Valerie Sharf Elizabeth Smith minhwan Kim Alissya S m Yuen Paul R macDonald Departments of Neuroendocrinology and Neurosurgery Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA University of Arizona College of medicine and Creighton School of medicine PhoenixArizonaUSA Department of Neurology Barrow Neurological InstitutePhoenixArizonaUSA midwestern University GlendaleIllinoisUSA Creighton University School of medicine PhoenixArizonaUSA University of California Davis DavisCaliforniaUSA

Sodium and water perturbations,manifesting as hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,are common in patients who had an acute stroke,and are associated with worse outcomes and increased *** non-stroke related causes of sodium and water perturbations in these patients include underlying comorbidities and concomitant ***,hospitalised patients who had an acute stroke may receive excessive intravenous hypotonic solutions,have poor fluid intake due to impaired neurocognition and consciousness,may develop sepsis or are administered drugs(eg,mannitol);factors that can further alter serum sodium *** and water perturbations can also be exacerbated by the development of endocrine consequences after an acute stroke,including secondary adrenal insufficiency,syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion and diabetes ***,COVID-19 infection has been reported to increase the risk of development of sodium and water perturbations that may further worsen the outcomes of patients who had an acute *** there are currently no accepted consensus guidelines on the management of sodium and water perturbations in patients who had an acute stroke,we conducted a systematic review of the literature published in English and in peer-reviewed journals between January 2000 and December 2020,according to PRISmA guidelines,to assess on the current knowledge and clinical practices of this *** this review,we discuss the signs and symptoms of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,the pathogenesis of hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia,their clinical relevance,and we provide our recommendations for effective treatment strategies for the neurologist in the management of sodium and water perturbations in commonly encountered aetiologies of patients who had an acute stroke.

关键词： patients impaired consequences

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