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The Matthew Effect in Running:An Analysis of Elite Endurance Athletes Over 23 Years

Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2023年第3期5卷 236-243页

作者： Mabliny Thuany Beat Knechtle kevin kipchumba Lee Hill Thayse Natacha Gomes Centre of Research EducationInnovation and Intervention in Sport(CIFI2D)Faculty of SportUniversity of Porto4200-450 PortoPortugal Medbase Street Gallen Am Vadianplatz Vadianstrasse 269001 Street GallenGallenSwitzerland Kenyatta University NairobiKenya Division of Gastroenterology&Nutrition Department of PediatricsMcMaster UniversityHamiltonCanada Department of Physical Education Federal University of Sergipe(UFS)São CristóvãoSergipe 49100-000Brazil

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the frequency of countries represented in the TOP20 long-distance elite runners ranking during 1997-2020,taking into account the countries’Human Development Index(HDI),and to verify if the Matthew effect can be observed regarding countries’representativeness in the raking alongside the *** The sample comprised 1852 professional runner athletes,ranked in the Senior World TOP20 half-marathon(403 female and 487 male)and marathon(480 female and 482 male)races,between the years *** about the countries’HDI was included,and categorized as“low HDI”,“medium HDI”,“high HDI”,and“very-high HDI”.Athletes were categorized according to their ranking positions(1st-3rd;4th-10th;>10th),and the number of athletes per country/year was summed and categorized as“total number of athletes 1997-2000”;“total number of athletes 2001-2010”;and“total number of athletes 2011-2020”.The Chi-square test and Spearman correlation were used to verify potential associations and relationships between *** Most of the athletes were from countries with medium HDI,followed by low HDI and very-high ***-square test results showed significant differences among females(χ^(2)=15.52;P=0.017)and males(χ^(2)=9.03;P=0.014),in half-marathon and marathon,*** significant association was verified between HDI and the total number of athletes,but the association was found for the number of athletes alongside the years(1997-2000 to 2001-2010:r=0.60;P<0.001;2001-2010 to-2011-2020:r=0.29;P<0.001).Conclusion Most of the athletes were from countries with medium HDI,followed by those with low HDI and very-high *** Matthew effect was observed,but a generalization of the results should not be done.

关键词： Endurance High-elite athletes Human development index

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The frequency and performance trends of European countries in the U18 and U20 rankings for 1500 m and 3000 m between 2009-2020

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2023年第3期5卷 213-219页

作者： Mabliny Thuany Patxi León-Guereño kevin kipchumba Raphael Fabrício de Souza Beat Knechtle Thayse Natacha Gomes Faculty of Sports University of PortoPortoPortugal University of Deusto Faculty of Education and SportsSpain Kenyatta University Department of Physical EducationExercise and Sports ScienceNairobiKenya Department of Physical Education Federal University of SergipeS~ao Cristov~aoBrazil Institute of Primary Care University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland Medbase St.Gallen Am Vadianplatz St.GallenSwitzerland

We purpose to determine the nationality of the European middle-distance athletes under 18 years(U18)and under 20 years(U20)during the last decade,to verify the participation trend for each country,and to assess whether the place of competition can be associated with the athletes ranking *** sample comprised 902 European male runners,ranked among the best finishers from 2009 to *** athletes were divided into two categories(n_(U18)=266;and n_(U20)=636)of two distances(n_(1500m)=397;n_(3000m)=505).The Mantel test was used for participation trend and the Chi-square test(χ^(2))was used to verify differences between the ranking position and the place of *** both distances,the highest number of athletes were from Spain(n=127),followed by Turkey(n=62)and Great Britain(n=50).No significant trends were shown for most of the countries,in both distances.A positive trend was shown for Slovenia(i.e.,3000m)over the years.A non-significant association was verified between the countries and the ranking position,as non-significant differences were proved for the place of *** information may be useful to guide athlete development programs in each country.

关键词： Young athletes Track and field Middle-distance Performance

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A thermodynamic perspective on electrode poisoning in solid oxide fuel cells

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第6期31卷 1449-1455页

作者： kevin Huang Department of Mechanical Engineering University of South CarolinaColumbiaUSA

A critical challenge to the commercialization of clean and high-efficiency solid oxide fuel cell(SOFC)technology is the insuf-ficient stack lifespan caused by a variety of degradation mechanisms,which are associated with cell components and chemical *** components related degradation refers to thermal/chemical/electrochemical deterioration of cell materials under operating conditions,whereas the latter regards impurities in feedstocks of oxidant(air)and reductant(fuel).This article provides a thermodynamic perspective on the understanding of the impurities-induced degradation mechanisms in *** discussion focuses on using thermodynamic ana-lysis to elucidate poisoning mechanisms in cathodes by impurity species such as Cr,CO_(2),H_(2)O,and SO_(2) and in the anode by species such as S(or H_(2)S),SiO_(2),and P_(2)(or PH_(3)).The author hopes the presented fundamental insights can provide a theoretical foundation for search-ing for better technical solutions to address the critical degradation challenges.

关键词： impurities air fuel reaction activity

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Neuron-to-astrocyte proteostatic stress signaling in response to tau pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 505-506页

作者： kevin Llewelyn Batenburg Wiep Scheper Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Department of Human GeneticsAmsterdam Neuroscience-NeurodegenerationAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Functional Genomics Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience-NeurodegenerationAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Maintenance of protein homeostasis or“proteostasis”is essential for the functioning and viability of *** is in particular the case for cells like neurons that cannot self-renew and acquire unique functional properties during their *** proteostatic stress responses are in place to protect cells from damage in case of proteostatic *** integrated stress response(ISR)is one of the key proteostatic stress responses in the cell(Costa-Mattioli and Walter,2020).The ISR is the downstream convergence point for the four stress-induced eIF2αkinases(EIF2AK1-4)that control stress-regulated protein translation via phosphorylation of the translation factor eIF2α.ISR activation results in a transient reduction of global translation while it concomitantly enhances the translation of specific mRNAs,including that encoding the activating transcription factor 4(ATF4).Together,the translational control mediated by the ISR results in a temporary reduction of the overall protein load and the selectively increased expression of proteins that contribute to restoration of the proteostatic balance.

关键词： translation stress Together

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High temperature deformation and recrystallization behavior of magnesium bicrystals with 90°<1010>and 90°<1120>tilt grain boundaries

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第2期12卷 625-638页

作者： kevin Bissa Talal Al-Samman Dmitri A.Molodov Institute of Physical Metallurgy and Materials Physics RWTH Aachen University52056 AachenGermany International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology(IROAST) Kumamoto UniversityKumamoto 860-8555Japan

The deformation mechanisms and dynamic recrystallization(DRX)behavior of specifically grown bicrystals with a symmetric 90°and 90°tilt grain boundary,respectively,were investigated under deformation in plane strain compression at 200℃and 400℃.The microstructures were analyzed by panoramic optical microscopy and large-area electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)orientation *** analysis employed a meticulous approach utilizing hundreds of individual,small EBSD maps with a small step size that were stitched together to provide comprehensive access to orientation and misorientation data on a macroscopic *** slip primarily governed the early stages of deformation at the two temperatures,and the resulting shear induced lattice rotation around the transverse direction(TD)of the *** existence of the grain boundary gave rise to dislocation pile-up in its vicinity,leading to much larger TD-lattice rotations within the boundary region compared to the *** increasing temperature,the deformation was generally more uniform towards the bulk due to enhanced dislocation mobility and more uniform stress *** recrystallization at 200℃was initiated in{1011}-compression twins at strains of 40%and *** 400℃,DRX consumed the entire grain boundary region and gradually replaced the deformed microstructure with progressing *** recrystallized grains displayed characteristic orientations,such that their c-axes were perpendicular to the TD and additionally scattered between 0°and 60°from the loading *** recrystallized grains displayed mutual rotations of up to 30°around the c-axes of the initial grains,forming a discernible basal fiber texture component,prominently visible in the{1120}pole *** is noteworthy that the deformation and DRX behaviors of the two analyzed bicrystals exhibited marginal variations in response to strain and deformation temperature.

关键词： Elevated deformation temperatures Plain strain compression Magnesium bicrystals Panorama EBSD Dynamic Recrystallization

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Injury and protection of spiral ganglion neurons

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第6期137卷 651-656页

作者： Beilei Duan kevin A.Peng Line Wang Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China Department of Neurotology House ClinicLos AngelesCA 90017USA

Cochlear spiral ganglion neurons(SGNs)are bipolar ganglion cells and are the first neurons in the auditory transduction *** transmit complex acoustic information from hair cells to second-order sensory neurons in the cochlear nucleus for sound *** to SGNs causes largely irreversible hearing impairment because these neurons are highly differentiated cells and cannot regenerate,making treatment of sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL)arising from SGN injury *** exposed to ototoxic drugs or damaging levels of noise or when there is loss of neurotrophic factors(NTFs),aging,and presence of other factors,SGNs can be irreversibly damaged,resulting in *** has been found that NTFs and stem cells can induce regeneration among dead spiral ganglion *** this paper,we summarized the present knowledge regarding injury,protection,and regeneration of SGNs.

关键词： Spiral ganglion Injury Protection Auditory hair cell Ototoxic drugs Aminoglycosides Presbycusis

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Orthogonal polynomial expansions for the valuation ofoptions under the stochastic volatility models with stochastic correlation

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Journal of Management Science and Engineering 2024年第2期9卷 239-253页

作者： kevin Z.Tong Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Ottawa585 King EdwardOttawaOntarioK1N 6N5Canada

This work provides a new method for pricing options under the generalized stochastic volatility models with Jacobi stochastic *** method is based on the observation that the generalized models belong to the class of polynomial diffusions and therefore the option prices can be efficiently computed via orthogonal polynomial *** take the Heston and Schöbel-Zhu models with stochastic correlation as two specific examples and are able to derive the analytical formulas for the option *** also illustrate the accuracy of the proposed method through a number of numerical experiments.

关键词： Orthogonal polynomial expansions Polynomial diffusions Stochastic correlation Jacobi process Stochastic volatility

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Neurolithography:Lithography as an enabling technology in neurology and neuroscience

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Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices 2024年第2期22卷 15-18页

作者： kevin Zhai Department of Medical Education Weill Cornell Medicine-QatarP.O.Box 24144DohaQatar

Modern lithography,which enables the fabrication of complex structures in biomedical devices with exceptional precision,is a potentially transformative force in the neural *** such as photolithography,electron beam lithography,and soft lithography have been utilized to produce devices that guide neuronal growth and differentiation and measure electrophysiological signals at the single-cell *** the clinical sphere,lithography plays a role in the manufacturing of devices for deep brain stimulation,brain-computer interface,and ***,we briefly review the applications of lithography in basic and translational neuroscience and clinical neurology,with an eye toward future advancement.

关键词： Lithography Neurolithography Semiconductors Microfluidics Neural devices

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Dynamics of Advantageous Mutant Spread in Spatial Death-Birth and Birth-Death Moran Models

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第1期6卷 576-604页

作者： Jasmine Foo Einar Bjarki Gunnarsson kevin Leder David Sivakoff School of Mathematics University of MinnesotaTwin CitiesMN55455USA Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering University of MinnesotaTwin CitiesMN55455USA Departments of Statistics and Mathematics The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH43210USA

The spread of an advantageous mutation through a population is of fundamental interest in population genetics. While the classical Moran model is formulated for a well-mixed population, it has long been recognized that in real-world applications, the population usually has an explicit spatial structure which can significantly influence the dynamics. In the context of cancer initiation in epithelial tissue, several recent works have analyzed the dynamics of advantageous mutant spread on integer lattices, using the biased voter model from particle systems theory. In this spatial version of the Moran model, individuals first reproduce according to their fitness and then replace a neighboring individual. From a biological standpoint, the opposite dynamics, where individuals first die and are then replaced by a neighboring individual according to its fitness, are equally relevant. Here, we investigate this death-birth analogue of the biased voter model. We construct the process mathematically, derive the associated dual process, establish bounds on the survival probability of a single mutant, and prove that the process has an asymptotic shape. We also briefly discuss alternative birth-death and death-birth dynamics, depending on how the mutant fitness advantage affects the dynamics. We show that birth-death and death-birth formulations of the biased voter model are equivalent when fitness affects the former event of each update of the model, whereas the birth-death model is fundamentally different from the death-birth model when fitness affects the latter event.

关键词： Spatial death-birth models Spatial birth-death models Spatial evolutionary models Spatial cancer models Evolutionary graph theory Stochastic processes Biased voter model Dual process Fixation probability Shape theorem

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Failure characterization of fully grouted rock bolts under triaxial testing

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第3期16卷 778-789页

作者： Hadi Nourizadeh Ali Mirzaghorbanali Mehdi Serati Elamin Mutaz kevin McDougall Naj Aziz Centre for Future Materials(CFM) School of EngineeringUniversity of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD4350Australia School of Engineering University of Southern QueenslandSpringfield CentralQLD4300Australia School of Civil Engineering University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia School of Surveying and Build Environment University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQLD4350Australia School of Civil Mining&Environmental EngineeringUniversity of WollongongWollongongNSW2500Australia

Confining stresses serve as a pivotal determinant in shaping the behavior of grouted rock ***,prior investigations have oversimplified the three-dimensional stress state,primarily assuming hydrostatic stress *** these conditions,it is assumed that the intermediate principal stress(σ_(2))equals the minimum principal stress(σ_(3)).This assumption overlooks the potential variations in magnitudes of in situ stress conditions along all three directions near an underground opening where a rock bolt is *** this study,a series of push tests was meticulously conducted under triaxial *** tests involved applying non-uniform confining stresses(σ_(2)≠σ_(3))to cubic specimens,aiming to unveil the previously overlooked influence of intermediate principal stresses on the strength properties of rock *** results show that as the confining stresses increase from zero to higher levels,the pre-failure behavior changes from linear to nonlinear forms,resulting in an increase in initial stiffness from 2.08 kN/mm to 32.51 kN/*** load-displacement curves further illuminate distinct post-failure behavior at elevated levels of confining stresses,characterized by enhanced ***,the peak load capacity ranged from 27.9 kN to 46.5 kN as confining stresses advanced from σ_(2)=σ_(3)=0 to σ_(2)=20 MPa and σ_(3)=10 ***,the outcomes highlight an influence of confining stress on the lateral deformation of *** levels of confinement prompt overall dilation in lateral deformation,while higher confinements maintain a state of ***,diverse failure modes have been identified,intricately tied to the arrangement of confining *** confinements tend to induce a splitting mode of failure,whereas higher loads bring about a shift towards a pure interfacial shear-off and shear-crushed failure mechanism.

关键词： Rock bolts Bolt-grout interface Bond strength Push test Triaxial tests

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