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Electrokinetics Technology to Improve Acidizing of Carbonate Reservoir Rocks

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2013年第4期4卷 1-3页

作者： Sanghee Shin George V. Chilingar Mohammed Haroun kenneth Wittle Najmedin Meshkati Sibel Pamukcu Jaehyeung Jeoung Hobon Koo Electropetroleum Inc. Villanova USA Geotechnical Engineering Research division Korea Institute of Construction Technology Goyang City South Korea Lehigh University Bethlehem USA Petroleum Institute Abu Dhabi UAE Viterbi School of Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles USA

A novel technology (electrokinetics) is proposed to improve acidizing operations, i.e., increase the penetration distance. The acid dissolves the carbonates (limestones/dolomites), enlarging the pores and increasing the width of pre-existing fractures. This gives rise to an increase in permeability. The principal acid commonly used is hydrochloric (HCl), which is pumped through tubing. Aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid (usually 15%) are pumped into the carbonate formations to enlarge the pores and pre-existing fractures. Without application of d.C. current, the penetration distance is usually very short, especially in tight rocks. However, the penetration distance of acid is very short. By applying d.C. current, one can drive the acid for long distances into the formation being acidized.

关键词： Acidizing Electorkinetics Carbonate Rocks Penetration distance Stimulation

Electron Emission of Graphene-diamond Hybrid Films Using Paraffin Wax as diamond Seeding Source

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World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering 2012年第3期2卷 126-133页

作者： deepak Varshney Chitturi Venkateswara Rao Frank Mendoza kenneth Perez Maxime J-F Guinel Yasuyuki Ishikawa Brad R. Weiner Gerardo Morell department of Chemistry University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico USA department of Physics University of Puerto Rico San Juan Puerto Rico USA Institute of Functional Nanomaterials University of Puerto Rico San Juan USA

We present a scalable, reproducible and economic process for the fabrication of diamond and diamond-graphene hybrid films using paraffin wax as a seeding source for diamond. The films were characterized using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Raman spectra show the characteristic band of diamond at 1332 cm-1 and the d, G, and 2d bands of graphene at 1360, 1582 and 2709 cm-1, respectively. Electron microscopy confirms the microcrystalline nature of the diamond films with crystal size in the range of 0.5 μm to 1.0 μm, and the hybrid film consists of microcrystalline diamond attached to thin, semi-transparent graphene flakes. The graphene-diamond hybrid films exhibit a turn-on field of about 3.6 V/μm with a prolonged current stability of at least 135 h.

关键词： Graphene Chemical Vapor deposition diamond Films Electron Field Emission

Higher tRNA gene duplication in mitogenomes of praying mantises(dictyoptera,Mantodea) and the phylogeny within Mantodea

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Higher tRNA gene duplication in mitogenomes of praying manti...

地下水铀污染的原位微生物还原与固定：在美国能源部田纳西橡树岭放射物污染现场的试验

浙江省动物学会第十三次会员代表大会暨学术研讨会

作者： Zhang Le-Ping Yu dan-Na kenneth B.Storey Cheng Hong-Yi Zhang Jia-Yong College of Chemistry and Life Science Zhejiang Normal University Key lab of wildlife biotechnology conservation and utilization of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Normal University department of Biology Carleton University

We acquired 21 complete mitogenomes and 6 nearly complete mitogenomes of mantises belonging to 8 families(Hymenopodidae,Iridopterygidae,Mantidae,Metallyticidae,Sibyllidae,Tarachodidae,Thespidae,Toxoderidae)using 14 pairs of mantid specific primer sets and found that 5 species of mantises have duplicate copies(2-4)of trnR:Ambivia undata,Creobroter jiangxiensis,Creobroter urbanus,Phyllothelys *** Theopropus elegans while two novel gene arrangements CR-I-NCR-I-NCR-I-NCR-I-NCR-I-NCR*-Q-M and COII-K*-d*-K-d*-K-d*-K-d were found in Schizocephala bicornis and Stenotoxodera porioni,*** multiple copies of trnR are caused by independent *** gene arrangements in Stenotoxodera porioni with three identical copies of trnK can be explained as mid-way through the TdRL process while the form of gene arrangement in Schizocephala bicornis is *** the phylogeny at the family level,the monophyly of Liturgusidae and Iridopterygidae was supported,whereas the monophyly of Hymenopodidae,Mantidae and Tarachodidae wasn’*** features of mantis mitochondrial genomes including high duplication rates of trnR,trnK and trnl indicate that Mantodea mitochondrial genomes maybe a useful model system for studying gene ***,derived gene arrangements may not be appropriate for phylogenetic inference in Mantodea as they aren’t synapomorphy and aren’t shared by close relatives.

关键词： Mantodea mitochondrial genome gene duplication phylogeny

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环境科学学报 2011年第3期31卷 449-459页

作者：吴唯民 Jack Carley david Watson 顾宝华 Scott Brooks Shelly d.Kelly kenneth Kemner Joy d.van Nostrand 吴力游许玫英周集中罗剑 Erick Cardenas 黄家琪 Matthew W.Fields Terence L.Marsh James M.Tiedje Stefan J.Green Joel E.Kostka Peter K.Kitanidis Philip M.Jardme CraigS.Criddle 美国斯坦福大学土木与环境工程系 StanfordCA94305USA 美国橡树岭国家实验室环境科学部 OakRidgeTN37831USA 美国阿岗国家实验室生物科学部 ArgonneIL60439USA 美国俄克拉荷马大学植物-与微生物学系 NormanOK73019USA 广东省微生物研究所广州510070 美国乔冶亚理工学院土木与环境工程系 AtlantaGA30332USA 美国密歇根州立大学微生物生态中心 EastLansingMI48823USA 美国蒙大拿州立大学生物膜工程中心 BozemanMT59717USA 美国佛罗里达州立大学地球海洋大气科学系 TallahasseeFL32306USA 美国田纳西大学生物系统工程与土壤科学系 KnoxvilleTN37996USA

总结了美国斯坦福大学和橡树岭国家实验室等在美国能源部田纳西州橡树岭综合试验基地进行的铀污染原位微生物修复阶段性试验结果.本试验利用微生物以乙醇为电子供体还原地下水和沉积物中的六价铀为不溶解的四价铀,使之原位固定化.随后... 详细信息

总结了美国斯坦福大学和橡树岭国家实验室等在美国能源部田纳西州橡树岭综合试验基地进行的铀污染原位微生物修复阶段性试验结果.本试验利用微生物以乙醇为电子供体还原地下水和沉积物中的六价铀为不溶解的四价铀,使之原位固定化.随后通过加入溶解氧和硝酸盐来试验微生物还原后的地下水层中还原固定态铀的稳定性.通过预处理和长期间隔注入乙醇溶液,地下水中铀浓度从40～60mg·L-1降至0.03mg·L-1以下,达到了美国环保署饮用水的标准.还原的四价铀主要以U(Ⅳ)-Fe复合物的形态存在.结果表明,固定化后的四价铀只有在厌氧条件下才是稳定的,溶解氧和硝酸盐侵入地下水层后会使固定化的四价铀重新氧化为溶解态的六价铀.在试验过程中,采用多种分子生物学方法检测了微生物种群的变化和与铀氧化还原反应有关的功能微生物.本研究表明,在维持试验系统无氧和无硝酸盐的条件下,通过添加乙醇为电子供体可有效地促进地下水中土著功能微生物的活性,从而实现铀的原位还原固定与稳定.

关键词：铀污染微生物还原原位生物修复地下水沉积物

Focused transcription from the human CR2/Cd21 core promoter is regulated by synergistic activity of TATA and Initiator elements in mature B cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第1期13卷 119-131页

作者： Rhonda L Taylor Mark N Cruickshank Mahdad Karimi Han Leng Ng Elizabeth Quail kenneth M Kaufman John B Harley Lawrence J Abraham Betty P Tsao Susan A Boackle daniela Ulgiati School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Centre for Genetic Origins of Health and Disease The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia Telethon Kids Institute The University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA US department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA division of Rheumatology Department of Medicine University of California at Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA division of Rheumatology University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora CO USA

Complement receptor 2 （CR2/Cd21） is predominantly expressed on the surface of mature B cells where it forms part of a coreceptor complex that functions, in part, to modulate B-cell receptor signal strength. CR2/Cd21 expression is tightly regulated throughout B-cell development such that CR2/Cd21 cannot be detected on pre-B or terminally differentiated plasma cells. CR2/Cd21 expression is upregulated at B-cell maturation and can be induced by IL-4 and Cd40 signaling pathways. We have previously characterized elements in the proximal promoter and first intron of CR2/Cd21 that are involved in regulating basal and tissue-specific expression. We now extend these analyses to the CR2/Cd21 core promoter. We show that in mature B cells, CR2/~d21 transcription proceeds from a focused TSS regulated by a non-consensus TATA box, an initiator element and a downstream promoter element. Furthermore, occupancy of the general transcriptional machinery in pre-B versus mature B-cell lines correlate with CR2/Cd21 expression level and indicate that promoter accessibility must switch from inactive to active during the transitional B-cell window.

关键词： B cells core promoter CR2/Cd21 molecular biology transcription factor

The role of reactive astrocytes in the resistance of brain metastasis to chemotherapy

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The role of reactive astrocytes in the resistance of brain m...

南极Lambert,Mellor和Fisher冰川的物质平衡及Amery冰架底部物质通量的估算

中华医学会神经外科学分会第九次学术会议

作者：林庆堂 Balasubramanian Krishnakumar Fan donimic Kim Sun-Jin Bar-Eli Menashe Aldape kenneth Fidler Isaiah department of Cancer Biology The University of Texas M.D.Anderson Cancer Center 北京宣武医院神经外科

Brain metastases are highly resistant to *** tumor cells are known to exploit the host microenvironment for their growth and *** report here that brain metastases(from lung,breast and melanoma) are surrounded and

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中国科学（d辑） 2007年第9期37卷 1192-1204页

作者：温家洪 kenneth C.Jezek Beata M.Csathó Ute C.Herzfeld Katy L.Farness Philippe Huybrechts 上海师范大学地理系 Byrd Polar Research Center The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOH 43210USA CIRES/NSIdC University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309-0449USA departement Geografie Vrije Universiteit BrusselPleinlaan 2B-1050BrusselsBelgium Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polarund MeeresforschungPostfach 120161D-27515 BremerhavenGermany

利用现场观测与遥感数据对Lambert,Mellor和Fisher冰川的物质平衡及其在Amery冰架的底部融化与冻结状况进行了估算.结果表明,澳大利亚组织的Lambert冰川盆地(LGB)考察路线的上游地区,Lambert与Mellor冰川分别为(3.9±2.1)和(2.1±2.4)Gt... 详细信息

利用现场观测与遥感数据对Lambert,Mellor和Fisher冰川的物质平衡及其在Amery冰架的底部融化与冻结状况进行了估算.结果表明,澳大利亚组织的Lambert冰川盆地(LGB)考察路线的上游地区,Lambert与Mellor冰川分别为(3.9±2.1)和(2.1±2.4)Gt·a-1的正平衡,而Fisher冰川基本处于平衡状态.上游地区总的正平衡为(5.9±4.9)Gt·a-1.考察路线以下,3条冰川均处于负平衡,总的负平衡为(-8.5±5.8)Gt·a-1.整个Lambert,Mellor和Fisher冰川均接近于平衡状态.3条冰川总净平衡为(-2.6±6.5)Gt·a-1.前人认为GL线(1970年代初澳大利亚在LGB建立的冰川运动观测点的连线)以上的内陆盆地处于显著正平衡,可能是因为过高地估算了总积累量,并低估了穿过GL线的冰通量.靠近Amery冰架南端着地线,冰架底部的平均融化速率为(-23.0±3.5)m冰·a-1,向下游方向快速减小,并在距冰架最南端约300km处过渡为底部冻结.沿3条冰川在Amery冰架的冰流带(flowband),冻结速率约介于(0.5±0.1)^(1.5±0.2)m冰·a-1.由于冰流带底部的融化,流入冰架的内陆冰损失了大约80%±5%.3条冰流带底部总融化和总冻结分别为(50.3±7.5)和(7.0±1.1)Gt冰·a-1,这要比前人通过模拟和海洋观测估算的整个Amery冰架底部总融化和总冻结还要大很多.

关键词：物质平衡底部融化与冻结 Lambert冰川盆地 Amery冰架南极

1d ANd 2d CIRCUIT-COdE MOdELING OF THE REFURBISHEd Z ACCELERATOR

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1D AND 2D CIRCUIT-CODE MODELING OF THE REFURBISHED Z ACCELER...

墨西哥湾北部含油气系统分析：用油气苗和地震成像确定运移通道

The 17th International Conference on High-Power Particle Beams

作者： kenneth W.Struve Lawrence F.Bennett Jean-Paul davis Mark E.Savage david L.Smith William A.Stygar Timothy F.Chavez david d.Hinshelwood Tim C.Wagoner Sandia National Laboratories P.O.Box 5800AlbuquerqueNM 87185-1194USA EG&G 2420 Comanche Rd.NEAlbuquerqueNM87107 USA Naval Research Laboratory WashingtonDCUSA Ktech Corporation 10800 Gibson Blvd.SEAlbuquerqueNM87123USA

＜正＞Now that the refurbishment of the Z machine at Sandia is complete we are routinely operating with currents over 26 MA into various *** routine operation we are able to measure current and voltage throughout the machine and compare with circuit code predictions. These measurements have motivated improvements to the original model to include two-dimensional （2d） and three-dimensional （3d） *** this paper we describe a full-machine （36 module）,one-dimensional （1d） circuit model of Z using the Bertha code developed at the Naval Research *** also describe a model that uses 2d *** addition,we discuss plans for implementing a 3d circuit model to allow investigating azimuthal effects that can be important for tailoring the rise time,shape,and length of the Z output *** tailoring on Z is achieved by staggering the timing of the various pulsed-forming modules,and by operating individual modules in either long or short-pulse *** the individual lines combine at a large diameter and are separated azimuthally, transit-time effects can be important for determining transient field enhancements at the vacuum insulator and in the vacuum transmission lines,as well as pulse "shape. Finally,we compare the 1d and 2d models with data, and provide predictions for both short and long pulse modes for various load configurations.

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石油地质科技动态 2005年第6期 23-37页

作者： kenneth C. Hood 钱华（译）李大荣（校）白振瑞（校）

美国墨西哥湾海上广泛存在油气苗，利用这些油气苗可以把含油气系统和成熟度的成图范围扩大到井控范围以外很远的地方。海底下落取心（sec bottom dropcores）分析以及海面浮油成像充实了埃克森公司对烃源岩、成熟度以及烃类运移通道所... 详细信息

美国墨西哥湾海上广泛存在油气苗，利用这些油气苗可以把含油气系统和成熟度的成图范围扩大到井控范围以外很远的地方。海底下落取心（sec bottom dropcores）分析以及海面浮油成像充实了埃克森公司对烃源岩、成熟度以及烃类运移通道所作的多学科综合性研究。我们的方法包括通过2-d和3-d地震资料解释建立一个区域地质框架，识别潜在烃源岩并进行成图，确定烃类进入油气藏的可能运移通道并识别地震一振幅异常。分析了2000多个油层油样、600个气藏天然气样和3000个海底下落取心的烃类组分，分析结果有助于约束烃源岩的特征，如有机质类型、沉积相、成熟度及地层年代（在某种程度上）。在地震剖面上可以看到密西西比河三角洲以东地区完整的地层剖面。钻井已钻遇深部的烃源岩层段。在密西西比河三角洲以西，已在陆上地层以及海上刺穿岩丘的上覆地层中采集了富含有机质的对比岩层的样品。将这些资料综合到一个区域性地质框架中，从而为解释舍油气系统提供了坚实的基础。海上重大含油气系统的油气均源自下第三系（以始新统为主）、上白垩统（以土仑阶为主）和上侏罗统（以提通阶为主）烃源岩。所有类型的始新统石油（海相、过渡相和陆相）都已进行过油～源对比，并且与始新统三角洲体系的古岩相分布一致。始新统生成的油气普遍分布于得克萨斯和路易斯安那大陆架上，并同时向陆上和得克萨斯大陆坡延伸。土伦阶生成的石油已与海上烃源岩（密西西比河三角洲以东）和陆上烃源岩（如塔斯卡卢萨和吉丁斯走向带）进行了油-源对比。在地震图像上该层段变薄，而且指相石油消失，据此我们认为此类烃源岩向盆地方向尖灭。墨西哥湾大陆坡上部的高含硫油和伴生（同生）气源自提通阶烃源岩。这一时期富含有机质的高成熟钙质页岩贯穿墨西哥湾的东部，并且提通阶生成的石油聚集在佛罗里达大陆架上的白垩系储层中，那里的上白垩统和第三系烃源岩未成熟。牛津阶碳酸盐岩生成的石油普遍分布于墨西哥湾盆地的北缘，并且该烃源岩生成的油气在墨西哥湾中央深部以油斑和油苗的形式存在。本项研究加强了对墨西哥湾含油气系统的认识，有助于我们改进勘探方法并形成新的勘探成藏层带的概念。

关键词：含油气系统墨西哥湾运移通道地震成像油气苗系统分析有机质类型三角洲体系密西西比河石油聚集