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A combination of density-based clustering method and DEM to numerically investigate the breakage of bonded pharmaceutical granules in the ball milling process

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Particuology 2021年第5期19卷 153-168页

作者： Alexander Krok Peter Peciar Kieran Coffey keith Bryan Sandra Lenihan Department of Process Energy and Transport EngineeringMunster Technological UniversityBishopstownCork T12 P928Ireland Department of Mechanical Biomedical and Manufacturing EngineeringMunster Technological UniversityBishopstownCork T12 P928Ireland Pfizer Newbridge LittleconnellNewbridgeCo.Kildare W12 HX57Ireland Institute of Process Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringSlovak University of TechnologyNam.Slobody 1781231 BratislavaSlovakia

Ball milling is widely used in industry to mill particulate *** primary purpose of this process is to attain an appropriate product size with the least possible energy *** process is also extensively utilised in pharmaceuticals for the comminution of the excipients or ***,for ball mill,little is known concerning the mechanism of size *** prediction approaches are not deemed useful to provide significant insights into the operation or facilitate radical step changes in ***,the discrete element method(DEM)as a computational modelling approach has been used in this *** previous research,DEM has been applied to simulate breaking behaviour through the impact energy of all ball collisions as the driving force for ***,the nature of pharmaceutical material fragmentation during ball milling is more *** functional equations which link broken media and applied energy do not consider the collision of particulate media of different shapes or collisions of particulate media(such as granules)with balls and rotating mill *** could have a significant impact on ***,this paper aimed to investigate the fragmentation of bounded particles into DEM granules of different shape/size during the ball milling process.A systematic study was undertaken to explore the effect of milling speed on breakage ***,in this study,a combination of a density-based clustering method and discrete element method was employed to numerically investigate the number and size of the fragments generated during the ball milling process over *** was discovered that the collisions of the ball increased proportionally with rotation speed until reaching the critical rotation ***,results illustrate that with an increase of rotation speed,the mill power increased *** caratacting motion of mill material together with balls was identified as the most

关键词： Ball milling Granular pharmaceutical lactose Density-based clustering Discrete element method Breakage Mill rotation speed ABAQUS

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Variation of Radio Refractivity with Respect to Moisture and Temperature and Influence on Radar Ray Path

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第6期25卷 1098-1106页

作者： Jidong GAO keith BREWSTER Ming XUE Center for Analysis and Prediction of Storms School of Meteorology University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma 73072 USA

In this study, the variation of radio refractivity with respect to temperature and moisture is analyzed. Also, the effects of vertical gradients in temperature and moisture on the propagation paths of electromagnetic waves of weather radar are examined for several sites across the United States using several years of sounding data from the National Weather Service. The ray path is important for identifying storm characteristics and for properly using the radar data in initializing numerical weather prediction models. It is found that during the warm season the radio refractivity gradient is more sensitive to moisture gradients than to temperature gradients. Ray paths from the commonly accepted vertical ray path model are compared to a ray path computed from a stepwise ray tracing algorithm using data from actual soundings. For the sample of about 16 000 soundings examined, we find that only a small fraction of the ray paths diverge significantly from those calculated using a ray path model based on the US Standard Atmosphere. While the problem of ray dueting in the presence of a temperature inversion is fairly well known, we identify the presence of a strong vertical moisture gradient as the culprit in the majority of the cases where significant deviations occurred.

关键词： radio refractivity radar ray path

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SIMAP500: A novel risk score to identify recipients at higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence following liver transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第3期14卷 132-143页

作者： Amr Alnagar Nekisa Zakeri Konstantinos Koilias Rosemary E Faulkes Rachel Brown Owen Cain M Thamara P R Perera keith J Roberts Rebeca Sanabria-Mateos David C Bartlett Yuk Ting Ma Shivan Sivakumar Shishir Shetty Tahir Shah Bobby V M Dasari Department of HBP and Liver Transplantation Surgery Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Centre for Liver Research Institute of Biomedical ResearchBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom Department of Hepatology Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom Department of Oncology Queen Elizabeth HospitalUniversity Hospitals of BirminghamBirmingham B152GWUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)following liver transplantation(LT)has a devastating influence on recipients’survival;however,the risk of recur-rence is not routinely *** stratification is vital with a long LT waiting time,as that could influence the recurrence despite strict listing *** This study aims to identify predictors of recurrence and develop a novel risk pre-diction score to forecast HCC recurrence following *** A retrospective review of LT for HCC recipients at University Hospitals Bir-mingham between July 2011 and February *** and multivariate analyses were performed to identify recurrence predictors,based on which the novel SIMAP500(satellite nodules,increase in size,microvascular invasion,AFP>500,poor differentiation)risk score was *** 234 LTs for HCC were performed with a median follow-up of 5.3 *** developed in 25 patients(10.7%).On univariate analyses,RETREAT score>3,α-fetoprotein(AFP)at listing 100-500 and>500,bridging,increased tumour size between imaging at the listing time and explant histology,increase in the size of viable tumour between listing and explant,presence of satellite nodules,micro-and macrovascular invasion on explant and poor differentiation of tumours were significantly associated with recurrence,based on which,the SIMAP500 risk score is *** SIMAP500 demonstrated an excellent predictive ability(c-index=0.803)and outper-formed the RETREAT score(c-index=0.73).SIMAP500 is indicative of the time to disease *** SIMAP500 risk score identifies the LT recipients at risk of HCC *** stratification allows patient-centric post-transplant surveillance *** validation of the score is recommended.

关键词： Liver transplantation Hepatocellular carcinoma Recurrence Survival

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Supercritical CO_2-based solvents in next generation microelectronics processing

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2007年第1期52卷 27-33页

作者： ZHANG XiaoGang keith P. JOHNSTON Department of Chemistry Renmin University of China Beijing 100872 China Department of Chemical Engineering Center for Nano and Molecular Science and Technology University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 USA

Large amount of chemicals and highly purified-water are needed in microelectronic manufacture. The ability of solutions to penetrate tiny spaces will become significantly more challenging as the feature size of semiconductor devices decreases to nanoscale dimensions and the functional complexity of integrated circuitries (ICs) ever increases. Supercritical fluids (SCFs) possess a unique combination of properties (no surface tension and gas-like viscosity) that can potentially be exploited for application in microelectronics manufacturing and processing in response to needs for material-compatible cleaning systems, small-dimension developing solvents, and low chemical-use processes. Recent microelec- tronics processes for cleaning and rinsing of patterned porous low-k dielectrics and drying of photo- resist in CO2-based solvents are the main focus of this review. Additional topics in supercritical fluid processing include spin coating of photoresists, development with nanoscale dimensions, metal deposition and silylation.

关键词：微电子学二氧化碳溶解性深冷分离

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Biological conversion of low-grade coal discard to a humic substance-enriched soil-like material

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2017年第2期4卷 183-190页

作者： Lerato Mary Sekhohola Ashton keith Cowan Institute for Environmental Biotechnology RhodesUniversity (EBRU) P.O. Box 94 Graharnstown 6140 SouthAfrica

A mutualistic relationship between grasses, coal-degrading fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was pro- posed to account for the phyto-biodegradation of coal discard. In this study pot trial experiments were carried out to confirm transformation of the carbonaceous substrate, in the presence of a suite of coal degrading fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, into a humic-enriched soil-like material in the Cynodon dactylon/coal rhizosphere. The results show that after 47 weeks of C. dactylon growth on coal discard the concentration of humics increased from （62.9 -4- 1.5） to （112.1 ＋ 5.4） mg/kg. Substrate humic acid-like substance concentration positively correlated （r2 = 0.95） with accumu- lation of above ground C. dactylon biomass. FTIR spectroscopy of the extracted humic-like substances confirmed both product identity and increased oxidation of the coal discard substrate. Substrate ash content and electrical conductivity declined coincident with an increase in humic acid-like substance concentration, which together reduced the intensity of acidity in the C. dactylon/coal discard rhizosphere. These observations support the proposal that biological oxidative degradation of coal discard leads to increased humic-like substance concentration and formation of a soil-like material. Results have profound implications for use of coal discard as an organic substrate to replace topsoil in phyto-bioreme- diation strategies for sustainable large-scale rehabilitation of coal discard dumps.

关键词： Biodegradation Cynodon dactylon Humic acid-like substances Neosartorya fischeri Coal discard

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Archaeolithoporella and Tubiphytes : Affinties and Paleoecology in Permian Reefs of South China

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Science China Chemistry 1994年第6期37卷 723-743页

作者：王生海范嘉松 J.keith Rigby Institute of Geology Academia Sinica Beijing 100029 PRO Department of Geology Brigham Young University Provo 84602 Utah USA

Archaeolithoporella is one of the most important Permian reef-building organisms, but itsaffinity has long been controversial. It was first reported in Japan and was considered as a coralline red alga. Since then it has been recognized in Permian reefs in other parts of the world. Many researchers have studied the materials they had found and the Japanese holotype specimen. Most have concluded that it is a problematic alga. or just a problematica because of weak criteria for definition. Some have even considered it inorganic. However, relict cellular structures and microtubular laminae found in well-preserved specimens from Permian reefs in South China strongly support a coralline red algal affinity for the *** situ preserved Archaeolithoporella is restricted within the typical framework facies and it occurs most abundantly in syndepositionally cemented framestones. This suggests that Archaeolithoporella required a firm substrate and clear but agitated sea water. Archaeolithoporella is often found in cavities , implying that it was accustomed to cryptic biotopes. Archaeolithoporella is a most important encrusting organism helping other frame-building organisms to form rigid wave-resistant *** is another component of Permian reefs of South China and its affinity has also been enigmatic. This genus was established in 1956, based on material from Russia, and was originally placed in the blue-green algae. Several affinities have been subsequently proposed for it, but most researchers consider it as a problematic alga or a problematica. However, the structure of this organism, especially the various types of central tubes and well-organized bodies, opposes the algal affinity.A comparison of Tubiphytes with some modern sponges suggests that Tubiphytes belongs to the class Demospongiae in the phylum of Porifera. It is an animal rather than a plant. It is obvious that more than one genus is described under the term 'Tubiphytes. 'Tubiphytes is quite ab

关键词： Archaeolithoporella and Tubiphytes South China.

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Crosstalk Complexities between Auxin, Cytokinin, and Ethylene in Arabidopsis Root Development： From Experiments to Systems Modeling, and Back Again

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Molecular Plant 2017年第12期10卷 1480-1496页

作者： Junli Liu Simon Moore Chunli Chen keith Lindsey Department of Biosciences Durham University South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 China These authors contributed equally to this article.

Understanding how hormones and genes interact to coordinate plant growth in a changing environment is a major challenge in plant developmental biology. Auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene are three important hormones that regulate many aspects of plant development. This review critically evaluates the crosstalk between the three hormones in Arabidopsis root development. We integrate a variety of experimental data into a crosstalk network, which reveals multiple layers of complexity in auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene crosstalk. In particular, data integration reveals an additional, largely overlooked link between the ethylene and cytokinin pathways, which acts through a phosphorelay mechanism. This proposed link addresses outstanding questions on whether ethylene application promotes or inhibits receptor kinase activity of the ethylene receptors. Elucidating the complexity in auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene crosstalk requires a combined experimental and systems modeling approach. We evaluate important modeling efforts for establishing how crosstalk between auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene regulates patterning in root develop- ment. We discuss how a novel methodology that iteratively combines experiments with systems modeling analysis is essential for elucidating the complexity in crosstalk of auxin, cytokinin, and ethylene in root development. Finally, we discuss the future challenges from a combined experimental and modeling perspective.

关键词： Arabidopsis auxin cytokinin ethylene hormonal crosstalk spatiotemporal modeling

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Attribution of Fano resonant features to plasmonic particle size, lattice constant, and dielectric wavenumber in square nanoparticle lattices

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Photonics Research 2014年第1期2卷 15-23页

作者： Drew DeJarnette Justin Norman D.keith Roper Microelectronics and Photonics Graduate Program University of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansas 72701USA Department of Chemical Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansas 72701USA

Fano resonances between plasmons and diffracted light offer tunable energies and locales,but attribution of Fano resonance features to geometry and physicochemistry of metal nanostructures and adjacent dielectrics has been confounded by complexity and computational *** work shows predictable modal shifts of Fano resonance in square lattices of plasmonic nanostructures can be attributed directly to changes in medium wavenumber,particle size,and lattice constant that alter plasmon polarizability and diffractive *** 45 to 80 nm radius particles,a window of lattice constants that support Fano resonances is identified in a range from 500 to 900 *** constants that support high intensity resonances are determined by individual particle polarizability and medium *** resonance wavelengths redshift from diffracted photon energies as local refractive index(RI)changes due to coupling with particle polarizability in the *** sensitivities for quadrupole,dipole,and Fano resonances are 150,348,and 541 nm,respectively,per RI *** resonance intensity may be enhanced more than tenfold by selecting nanoparticle sizes and lattice *** quantitative effects of such parametric changes are rapidly and intuitively distinguished using a semi-analytic approach,consisting of an exact expression for particle polarizability,a trigonometric description of diffraction,and a semianalytical coupled dipole approximation.

关键词： lattice particle wave

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Effects of electroacupuncture on pain sensation in a rat model of hyperalgesia with nicotine dependence

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第4期17卷 905-910页

作者： Shu-Ju Wang Yan-Ping Zhang keith A.Candiotti College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics Hubei University of Chinese Medicine/Hubei Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Preventive Treatment by Acupuncture and MoxibustionWuhanHubei ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative Medicine and Pain ManagementUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA

Tobacco smoking is considered to be one of the main risk factors in the development of chronic ***-term chronic exposure to nicotine and other forms of tobacco have been shown to be associated with an increased incidence of *** have shown that acupuncture can help smokers to reduce their desire to smoke,reduce their withdrawal symptoms,and avoid a relapse after ***,little has been reported about the effects of acupuncture on pain sensitivity caused by long-term *** of hyperalgesia were established in rats exposed to nicotine for 6 *** 6 weeks of continuous nicotine exposure,electroacupuncture at bilateral acupoints Zusanli(ST36)and Taichong(LR3)was performed 20 minutes per day for 6 days at a continuous wave with a frequency of 2 Hz and a stimulus intensity of 1 m *** results revealed that electroacupuncture treatment increased the mechanical response threshold of hind paw of nicotine-dependent rats with hyperalgesia and up-regulated the protein expression of pain-related factorsμ-opioid receptor,β-endorphin and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 in the spinal cord and midbrain periaqueductal gray and the protein expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 in the spinal *** findings suggest that electroacupuncture treatment has positive analgesic effects on pain sensitivity caused by long-term chronic nicotine *** possible mechanism for the improved analgesia is that electroacupuncture increases the expression of painrelated factors in the spinal cord and midbrain periaqueductal *** study was approved by Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(IACUC)of the University of Miami(#18-167)on December 12,2018.

关键词： chronic pain electroacupuncture glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 hyperalgesia nicotine dependence pain sensation smoking β-endorphin μ-opioid receptor

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A new nanocluster polyoxomolybdate [Mo_(36)O_(110)(NO)_4(H_2O)_(14)]·52H_2O:Synthesis, characterization and application in oxidative degradation of common organic dyes

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2018年第2期26卷 337-342页

作者： Mojtaba Amini Mostafa Khaksar Arkady Ellern L.keith Woo Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Maragheh Chemistry Department Iowa State University

Polyoxomolybdate [Mo36O110（NO）4（H2O）14].52H2O was synthesized by a simple one-pot procedure through reducing an acidified mixture of Na2MoO4.2H2O and NH2OH. HCl. In order to create a heterogeneous catalyst system, the polyoxomolybdate was pillared with MgAI-LDH-NO3 by direct ion exchange. These novel materials were carefully analyzed by various chemico-physical methods, The catalytic degradation of methylene blue （MB） and rhodamine B （RB） as common dyes in the presence of MgAl-LDH-1 nanoparticles with aqueous hydrogen peroxide, H2O2, as an oxidizing agent was studied in aqueous solution at room temperature. More importantly, the catalyst can be recovered and reused efficiently up to five consecutive cycles with negligible loss of catalytic activity.

关键词： Nanocluster Polyoxomolybdate LDH Methylene blue Rhodamine B

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