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Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from municipal wastewater treatment plants in China:A plant-level and technology-specific study

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第4期20卷 123-130页

作者： Haiyan Li Liangfang You he Du Bowen Yu Lu Lu Bo Zheng Qiang Zhang kebin he Nanqi Ren School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen518055China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration Institute of Environment and EcologyTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen518055China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

Wastewater treatment is an important source of greenhouse gases(GHGs).Yet large uncertainties remain in the quantification of GHG emissions from municipal wastewater treatment plants(MWWTPs)in China.A high-resolution and technology-specific emission inventory is still lacking to support mitigation strategies of *** we develop a plant-level and technology-based MWWTP emission inventory for China covering 8703 plants and 19 treatment technology categories by compiling and harmonizing the most up-to-date facility-level ***'s methane(CH_(4))and nitrous oxide(N_(2)O)emissions from MWWTPs in 2020 are estimated to be 150.6 Gg and 22.0 Gg,respectively,with the uncertainty range of-30%to 37%and-30%to 26%at 95%confidence *** find an emission inequality across cities,with the richest cities emitting two times more CH_(4)and N_(2)O per capita from municipal wastewater treatment than the poorest *** emitted CH_(4)and N_(2)O are dominated by Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic-,Sequencing Batch Reactor-,Oxidation Ditch-,and Anoxic/Oxic-based MWWTPs of less than 20 years *** the relatively young age structure of China's MWWTPs,the committed emissions highlight the importance of reducing on-site GHG emissions by optimization of operating conditions and innovation *** emission differences among our estimates,previous studies,and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change guidelines are largely attributed to the uncertainties in emission factors,implying the urgent need for more plant-integrated measurements to improve the accuracy of emission accounting.

关键词： Methane Nitrous oxide Emissions Municipal wastewater treatment plants

Trends and drivers of anthropogenic NOx emissions in China since 2020

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2024年第5期21卷 287-293页

作者： Hui Li Bo Zheng Yu Lei Didier Hauglustaine Cuihong Chen Xin Lin Yi Zhang Qiang Zhang kebin he Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Ecological Remediation and Carbon Sequestration Institute of Environment and EcologyTsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Beijing 100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Planning and Policy Simulation and Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing 100041China Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement LSCE/IPSLCEA-CNRS-UVSQUniversite Paris-SaclayGif-sur-YvetteFrance Center for Satellite Application on Ecology and Environment Ministry of Ecology and Environment of ChinaBeijing 100094China Institute of Future Human Habitats Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Nitrogen oxides(NOx),significant contributors to air pollution and climate change,form aerosols and ozone in the ***,timely,and transparent information on NOx emissions is essential for decision-making to mitigate both haze and ozone ***,a comprehensive understanding of the trends and drivers behind anthropogenic NOx emissions from Chinadthe world's largest emitterdhas been lacking since 2020 due to delays in emissions *** we show a consistent decline in China's NOx emissions from 2020 to 2022,despite increased fossil fuel consumption,utilizing satellite observations as constraints for NOx emission estimates through atmospheric *** reduction is corroborated by data from two independent spaceborne instruments:the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument(TROPOMI)and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument(OMI).Notably,a reduction in transport emissions,largely due to the COVID-19 lockdowns,slightly decreased China's NOx emissions in *** subsequent years,2021 and 2022,reductions in NOx emissions were driven by the industry and transport sectors,influenced by stringent air pollution *** satellite-based inversion system developed in this study represents a significant advancement in the real-time monitoring of regional air pollution emissions from space.

关键词： China's NOx emissions Pollution control Socio-economic drivers Atmospheric inversion

MEIC-global-CO_(2):A new global CO_(2)emission inventory with highly-resolved source category and sub-country information

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第2期67卷 450-465页

作者： Ruochong XU Dan TONG Qingyang XIAO Xinying QIN Cuihong CheN Liu YAN Jing CheNG Can CUI Hanwen HU Wenyu LIU Xizhe YAN Huaxuan WANG Xiaodong LIU Guannan GENG Yu LEI Dabo GUAN kebin he Qiang ZHANG Department of Earth System Science Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System ModelingInstitute for Global Change StudiesTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China Chinese Academy of Environmental Planning Beijing100041China Institute for Carbon Neutrality Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China

CO_(2)emission inventory provides fundamental data for climate research and emission ***,most global CO_(2)emission inventories were developed with energy statistics from International Energy Agency(IEA)and were available at country level with limited source ***,as the first step toward a high-resolution and dynamic updated global CO_(2)emission database,we developed a data-driven approach to construct seamless and highly-resolved energy consumption data cubes for 208 countries/territories,797 sub-country administrative divisions in 29 countries,42 fuel types,and 52 sectors,with the fusion of activity data from 24 international statistics and 65 regional/local *** CO_(2)emissions from fossil fuel combustion and cement production in 1970–2021 were then estimated with highly-resolved source category(1,484 of total)and sub-country information(797 of total).Specifically,73%of global CO_(2)emissions in 2021 were estimated with sub-country information,providing considerably improved spatial resolution for global CO_(2)emission *** the support of detailed information,the dynamics of global CO_(2)emissions across sectors and fuel types were presented,representing the evolution of global economy and progress of climate *** differences of sectoral contribution were found across sub-country administrative divisions within a given country,revealing the uneven distribution of energy and economic structure among different *** estimates were generally consistent with existing databases at aggregated level for global total or large emitters,while large discrepancies were observed for middle and small *** database,named the Multiresolution Emission Inventory model for Climate and air pollution research(MEIC)is publicly available through http://*** with highly-resolved information and timely update,which provides an independent carbon emission accounting data source for climate rese

关键词： CO_(2)emissions Data-driven approach Highly-resolved source category Sub-country information

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“环境催化城市”：概念提出和研究展望

化学进展 2024年第4期36卷 466-470页

作者：马金珠楚碧武马庆鑫何广智刘倩王书肖贺克斌赵进才贺泓中国科学院生态环境研究中心中国科学院大学清华大学中国科学院化学研究所中国科学院城市环境研究所

大气污染是城市环境质量改善面临的重大挑战。城市化过程既是造成城市大气高度复合污染的重要原因，也为城市自净化大气污染物提供了可人为强化的条件。“环境催化城市”是指将城市中的建筑物内外、硬化地面等表面涂覆催化材料，在自然... 详细信息

大气污染是城市环境质量改善面临的重大挑战。城市化过程既是造成城市大气高度复合污染的重要原因，也为城市自净化大气污染物提供了可人为强化的条件。“环境催化城市”是指将城市中的建筑物内外、硬化地面等表面涂覆催化材料，在自然界的光、热等条件下实现环境中低浓度气态污染物自发催化净化的城市。构建“环境催化城市”对低碳控制大气复合污染，持续改善室内外环境空气质量，规划建设“自净城市”意义重大。本文提出了“环境催化城市”概念，并对如何完善和发展“环境催化城市”理论和实践进行了展望。

关键词：环境催化城市霾化学环境容量臭氧催化分解自净城市

Characteristics and source identification of fine particulate n-alkanes in Beijing, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第7期22卷 998-1005页

作者： Fengkui Duan kebin he Xiande Liu State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Department of Environmental Science & Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Ambient particulate n-alkanes were determined for fine particle （PM2.5） samples collected from Sep 2003 to July 2004 in Beijing, China. The average concentration of total n-alkanes （∑n-alkanes） from Cll to C34 was 425.72 ng/m^3, ranged from 7.02 to 2893.28 ng/m^3. The concentration distributions of n-alkanes homologues in this study exhibited peaks at C21 and C29 in heating season, and C29 in non-heating season. The average carbon preference index （CPI） value was 1.88 in the range of 1.18-3.88. The maximum CPI in summer indicated the contribution of biogenic origins such as plant wax; while the minimum CPI value in winter was probably a result of fossil fuel combustion. Preliminary estimation from these results showed that 59% of the n-alkanes in PM2.5 in Beijing summer originated from plant wax, while 74%-88% was from fossil fuel combustion in other three seasons. Source estimation was further performed using principal component analysis method. Two major components were yielded accounting for 57.3% and 30.9% of the total variance, which presented the fossil fuel and biogenic contribution, respectively.

关键词： n-alkanes PM2.5 carbon preference index principal component analysis

China Keeps Carrying Forward the Key Special Project of ＂Air Pollution Causes and Control＂

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第5期10卷 3-4页

作者： Huan Liu kebin he State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC School of the EnvironmentTsinghua University State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex Collaborative Innovation Centre for Regional Environmental Quality Beijing 100084China

The Recommendations for Guide on 2017 Air Pollution Causes and Control Project Application, has recently been made public, seeking for opinions. In 2017, no more than 33 projects （no youth project any more） will be arranged and supported, approximately accounting for 30% of the overall task of this Key Special Project. This Key Special Project was released by the Ministry of Science and Technology in 2015, to support the implementation of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan by the State Council. This Key Special Project is meant to strengthen the technological support capacity, which is the urgent need for China＇s air pollution control [1,2], by supporting projects during the period from 2015 to 2020. This project mainly focuses on significant scientific and technological needs in China＇s air pollution prevention and control as well as development of the energy conservation and environment protection industry, seeking to realize an integration of fundamental research, generic technology and application demonstration in major regions.

关键词：空气污染控制控制项目污染原因中国大气污染防治申请指南支撑能力科技需求

Local and regional contributions to PM_(2.5) in the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics infrastructure areas during haze episodes

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2021年第6期15卷 499-509页

作者： Yue Wang Mengshuang Shi Zhaofeng Lv Huan Liu kebin he State Key Joint Laboratory of ESPC State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution ComplexInternational Joint Laboratory on Low Carbon Clean Energy InnovationSchool of the EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The 2022 Winter Olympics is scheduled to take place in Beijing and Zhangjiakou,which were defined as OIAs(Olympic infirastructure areas)in this *** study presents the characteristics and source apportionment of PM_(2.5) in the OIAs,*** entire region of China's Mainland,except for the OIAs,was divided into 9 source regions,including four regions in the BTH(Beijing-Tianjin-hebei)region,the four provinces surrounding the BTH and the remaining *** CAMx/PSAT,the contributions of the nine regions to the PM_(2.5) concentration in the OIAs were simulated spatially and *** simulated source apportionment results showed that the contribution of regional transportation was 48.78%,and when PM_(2.5) concentration was larger than 75μg/m^(3) central hebei was the largest contributor with a contribution of 19.18%,followed by Tianjin,northern hebei,Shanxi,Inner Mongolia,Shandong,southern hebei,henan and ***,the contribution from neighboring regions of the OIAs was 47.12%,which was nearly twice that of long-range *** episodes were analyzed,and the results presented the importance of regional transportation during severe PM_(2.5) pollution *** was also found that they were associated with differences in pollution sources between Zhangjiakou and *** transportation was the main factor affecting PM_(2.5) pollution in Zhangjiakou due to its low local *** weather with a low planetary boundary layer height and a low wind velocity prevented the local emitted pollutants in Beijing from being transported outside,and as a result,local emissions constituted a larger contribution in Beijing.

关键词： 2022 Winter Olympics PM_(2.5) Source apportionment

Performance Assessment and Outlook of China＇s Emission-Trading Scheme

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Engineering 2016年第4期2卷 398-401页

作者： Dabo Guan Yuli Shan Zhu Liu kebin he Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research School of International Development University of East Anglia Norwich NR4 7TJ UK Resnick Sustainability Institute California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 USA State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmentul Simulation and Pollution Control School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

1. Overview China overtook the US as the world＇s top emitter in 2007, and produced 1.5 times the emissions of the US by 2013 [1 ]. At pres- ent, China＇s emissions make up over a quarter of the global total. China is expected to produce three times the emissions of the US by 2030 [2]. Indeed, China＇s role and efforts in CO2 reductions matter greatly for the peaking of global emissions, even without further emission leakages to less-developed regions or countries. China recently announced the launch of a nation-wide emissiontrading scheme （ETS） starting in 2017 [3] in order to help deliver its emission peak by 2030. A number of climate policies in China are ongoing, and require a full performance review, effective coordination, and appropriate implementation of planning and monitoring measures along with any newly added mechanisms. This paper utilizes the latest energy and emission data to explore the impact of emission trading as a policy driver toward absolute emission and emission intensity changes in China and in its seven provinces or municipalities.

关键词：排放交易绩效评价中国

Constructing a Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectral reference library for fine-particle analysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第8期34卷 1-13页

作者： Hui Chen Fengkui Duan kebin he Jingjing Du Zhenli Sun Suhua Wang Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental System Optimization of Ministry of Education College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemcial Pollution Processes and Control School of Environmental Science and EngineeringGuangdong University of Petrochemical TechnologyMaoming 525000 China

Fine particles associated with haze pollution threaten the health of over 400 million people in China. Owing to excellent non-destructive fingerprint recognition characteristics, Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) are often used to analyze the composition of fine particles to determine their physical and chemical properties as well as reaction mechanisms. However, there is no comprehensive Raman spectral library of fine particles. Furthermore, various studies that used SERS for fine-particle composition analysis showed that the uniqueness of the SERS substrates and different excitation wavelengths can produce a different spectrum for the same fine-particle component. To overcome this limitation, we conducted SERS experiments with a portable Raman spectrometer using two common SERS substrates(silver(Ag) foil and gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)) and a 785 nm laser. herein, we introduced three main particle component types(sulfate-nitrate-ammonium(SNA), organic material, and soot) with a total of 39 chemical substances. We scanned the solid Raman, liquid Raman, and SERS spectra of these substances and constructed a fine-particle reference library containing 105 spectra. Spectral results indicated that for soot and SNA, the differences in characteristic peaks mainly originated from the solid-liquid phase transition;Ag foil had little effect on this difference, while the Au NPs caused a significant red shift in the peak positions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Moreover, with various characteristic peak positions in the three types of spectra, we could quickly and correctly distinguish substances. We hope that this spectral library will aid in the future identification of fine particles.

关键词： Raman Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) Spectral library Fine-particle