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Organic chloramines in chlorine-based disinfected water systems： A critical review

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 2-18页

作者： Zuo Tong How Ina Kristiana Francesco Busetti kathryn l.linge Cynthia A.Joll Curtin Water Quality Research Centre Department of Chemistry Curtin University Perth Western Australia 6102 Australia

This paper is a critical review of current knowledge of organic chloramines in water systems,including their formation, stability, toxicity, analytical methods for detection, and their impact on drinking water treatment and quality. The term organic chloramines may refer to any halogenated organic compounds measured as part of combined chlorine（the difference between the measured free and total chlorine concentrations）, and may include N-chloramines,N-chloramino acids, N-chloraldimines and N-chloramides. Organic chloramines can form when dissolved organic nitrogen or dissolved organic carbon react with either free chlorine or inorganic chloramines. They are potentially harmful to humans and may exist as an intermediate for other disinfection by-products. However, little information is available on the formation or occurrence of organic chloramines in water due to a number of challenges. One of the biggest challenges for the identification and quantification of organic chloramines in water systems is the lack of appropriate analytical methods. In addition, many of the organic chloramines that form during disinfection are unstable, which results in difficulties in sampling and detection. To date research has focussed on the study of organic ***, given that breakpoint chlorination is commonly undertaken in water treatment systems, the formation of organic dichloramines should also be considered. Organic chloramines can be formed from many different precursors and pathways. Therefore, studying the occurrence of their precursors in water systems would enable better prediction and management of their formation.

关键词： Amino acids Disinfection by-products Organic chloramines N-chloramine Drinking water quality Organic bromamines Organic iodamines

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Acute drivers of neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第9期14卷 1481-1489页

作者： kathryn l.Wofford David J.loane D.Kacy Cullen Center for Brain Injury&Repair Department of NeurosurgeryPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA Center for Neurotrauma Neurodegeneration&RestorationCorporal Michael J.Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPAUSA School of Biomedical Engineering Science and Health SystemsDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Anesthesiology and Shock Traumaand Anesthesiology Research(STAR)CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA School of Biochemistry and Immunology and Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College DublinIreland Department of Bioengineering School of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA

Neuroinflammation is initiated as a result of traumatic brain injury and can exacerbate evolving tissue *** cells respond to acute signals from damaged cells,initiate neuroinflammation,and drive the pathological consequences over ***,the mechanism(s)of injury,the location of the immune cells within the brain,and the animal species all contribute to immune cell behavior following traumatic brain *** the signals that initiate neuroinflammation and the context in which they appear may be critical for understanding immune cell contributions to pathology and *** this paper,we review a number of factors that could affect immune cell behavior acutely following traumatic brain injury.

关键词： traumatic brain injury inflammation neuroinflammation microglia macrophage acute diffuse brain injury cytokines adenosine 5′-triphosphoate glutamate calcium

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Formation and control of nitrogenous DBPs from Western Australian source waters: Investigating the impacts of high nitrogen and bromide concentrations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 102-115页

作者： Ina Kristiana Deborah liew Rita K.Henderson Cynthia A.Joll kathryn l.linge Curtin Water Quality Research Centre Department of Chemistry Curtin University School of Chemical Engineering University of New South Wales

We studied the formation of four nitrogenous DBPs（N-DBPs） classes（haloacetonitriles,halonitromethanes, haloacetamides, and N-nitrosamines）, as well as trihalomethanes and total organic halogen（TOX）, after chlorination or chloramination of source waters. We also evaluated the relative and additive toxicity of N-DBPs and water treatment options for minimisation of N-DBPs. The formation of halonitromethanes, haloacetamides, and N-nitrosamines was higher after chloramination and positively correlated with dissolved organic nitrogen or total nitrogen. N-DBPs were major contributors to the toxicity of both chlorinated and chloraminated waters. The strong correlation between bromide concentration and the overall calculated DBP additive toxicity for both chlorinated and chloraminated source waters demonstrated that formation of brominated haloacetonitriles was the main contributor to toxicity. Ozone–biological activated carbon treatment was not effective in removing N-DBP precursors. The occurrence and formation of N-DBPs should be investigated on a case-by-case basis, especially where advanced water treatment processes are being considered to minimise their formation in drinking waters, and where chloramination is used for final disinfection.

关键词： Haloacetonitriles Haloacetamides Halonitromethanes N-nitrosamines Chlorination Chloramination

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Evaluation of the AGCU Expressmarker 16 and 22 PCR Amplification Kits Using Biological Samples Applied to FTA Micro Cards in Reduced Volume Direct PCR Amplification Reactions

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2015年第1期1卷 3-7页

作者： Samantha J Ogden kathryn l lamerton Peter J Tatnell R&D Bio-Research ToolsGE Healthcare Life SciencesThe Maynard CentreForest FarmWhitchurchCardiffUK

This study evaluated the performance of the Wuxi AGCU ScienTech Incorporation(HuiShan,Wuxi,China)AGCU Expressmarker 16(EX 16)and 22(EX22)short tandem repeat(STR)amplification kits in reduced reaction volumes using direct polymerase chain reaction(PCR)amplification *** commercially available PowerPlex21(PP21)System(Promega,Wisconsin,USA),which follows similar direct workflows,was used as a *** blood applied to chemically impregnated FTATM Micro Cards(GE Healthcare UK limited,Amersham Place,little Chalfont,Buckinghamshire,HP79NA,UK)was used to represent a complex biological *** concordance,first‑pass success rate,average peak heights,heterozygous peak height ratios(HPHRs),and intracolor and intercolor peak height balance were *** reduced volume PCR reactions,the performances of both the EX16 and EX22 STR amplification kits were comparable to that of the PP21 *** level of performance was maintained at PCR reaction volumes,which are 40%of that *** EX22 and PP21 System kits possess comparable overlapping genome *** study evaluated the performance of the AGCU EX16 and EX22 STR amplification kits in reduced PCR reaction volumes using direct workflows in combination with whole blood applied to FTATM Micro *** concordance,first‑pass success rate,average peak heights,HPHRs,and intracolor and intercolor peak height balance were determined.A concordance analysis was completed that compared the performance of the EX16 and EX22 kits using human blood applied to FTA Micro Cards in combination with full,half,and reduced PCR reaction *** PP21 System(Promega)was used as a reference *** appropriate,the distributions of data were assessed using the Shapiro‑Wilk *** normally‑distributed data,statistics were calculated using analysis of variance(ANOVA)and for nonparametric data the Wilcoxon/Kruskal‑Wallis test was *** significance was set at P<*** interva

关键词： Direct amplification DNA typing dried blood spots expressmarker(EX) forensic DNA analysis forensic science FTA sample collection cards short tandem repeat(STR)profiling

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Characterization of colloidal arsenic at two abandoned gold mine sites in Nova Scotia, Canada, using asymmetric flow-field flow fractionation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2016年第11期28卷 189-196页

作者： kathryn J Tindale Pritesh J Patel Dirk Wallschlager Environmental and life Sciences Graduate Program School of the Environment Department of Chemistry and Water Quality Centre Trent University Peterborough ON K9L 0G2 Canada Ore Pros Inc Beamsville ON LOR 1B2 Canada

Asymmetric flow-field flow fractionation-inductively-coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to determine whether colloidal arsenic（As） exists in soil pore water and soil extract samples at two arsenic-contaminated abandoned gold mines（Montague and Goldenville, Nova Scotia）. Colloidal arsenic was found in 12 out of the 80 collected samples（= 15%）, and was primarily associated with iron（Fe） in the encountered colloids. The molar Fe/As ratios indicate that the colloids in some samples appeared to be discrete iron–arsenic minerals, whereas in other samples, they were more consistent with As-rich iron（oxy）hydroxides. Up to three discrete size fractions of colloidal As were encountered in the samples, with mean colloid diameters between 6 and 14 nm. The pore water samples only contained one size fraction of As-bearing colloids（around 6 nm diameter）, while larger As-bearing colloids were only encountered in soil extracts.

关键词： Arsenic Colloids Gold mine tailings ICP-MS Nova Scotia Nanoparticles

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A young man presenting with persistent hypoglycaemia and reduced level of consciousness: case study with review of literature

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第5期13卷 418-421页

作者： Meher Khan Nadia Kathrada Dean nash Debkumar Chowdhury Critical Care Unit Royal Blackburn HospitalBlackburnBB23HHUnited Kingdom

Dear editor,Iatrogenic hypoglycaemia is a common acute presentation;either because of misuse,self-harm or criminal *** most common culprits are insulin and oral hypoglycaemics(sulfonylurea,biguanides)although aspirin,fluoroquinolone and beta blockers can be causative *** symptoms include sweating,anxiety,tremors,and *** symptoms usually arise at serum glucose concentrations ofl/l and include dizziness,confusion,blurred vision,somnolence and more serious symptoms can be convulsions,coma and potentially death.

关键词： acute editor tremor

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lifestyle and dietary factors in the prevention of letha prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第3期14卷 365-374,I0004,I0005页

作者： kathryn M Wilson Edward l Giovannucci lorelei A Mucci Depa rtment of Epidemiology Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA 02115 USA Department of Nutrition Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA 02115 USA Channing laboratory Brigham and Women＇s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA

The prevention of lethal prostate cancer is a critical public health challenge that would improve health and reduce suffering from this disease. In this review, we discuss the evidence surrounding specific lifestyle and dietary factors in the prevention of lethal prostate cancer. We present a summary of evidence for the following selected behavioral risk factors： obesity and weight change, physical activity, smoking, antioxidant intake, vitamin D and calcium, and coffee intake.

关键词： epidemiology diet life style obesity physical activity prevention prostate cancer

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Strategies for targeting the DNA damage response for cancer therapeutics

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2012年第8期31卷 359-363页

作者： Dan Zhang Hai-Bo wang kathryn l. Brinkman Su-Xia Han BO Xu Department of Radiation Oncology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Medical SchoolXi'anShaanxi 710061P.R.China Department of Radiation Oncology The Methodist Hospital Research InstituteHoustonTX 77030USA

The DNA damage response is critical for cells to maintain genome stability and survival. In this review, we discuss approaches to targeting critical elements of the DNA damage response for radiosensitization and chemosensitization. In addition, we also discuss strategies for targeting DNA damage response and DNA repair defects in cancer cells for synthetic lethality.

关键词： DNA损伤反应癌症治疗肿瘤细胞 DNA修复增敏剂基因组

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A cadaveric model for transesophageal echocardiography transducer placement training: A pilot study

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第1期13卷 18-22页

作者： Ryan W.Horton Kian R.Niknam Viveta lobo kathryn H.Pade Drew Jones Kenton l.Anderson Department of Emergency Medicine Stanford University School of MedicinePalo Alto 94304USA Emergency Medicine Residency Program University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical SchoolAustin 78756USA University of California San Francisco School of Medicine San Francisco 94143USA Department of Emergency Medicine Rady Children’s HospitalSan Diego 92123USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Central Florida/HCA Ocala RegionalOcala 34471USA

BACKGROUND: Transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) is used in the emergency department to guide resuscitation during cardiac arrest. Insertion of a TEE transducer requires manual skill and experience, yet in some residency programs cardiac arrest is uncommon, so some physicians may lack the means to acquire the manual skills to perform TEE in clinical practice. For other infrequently performed procedural skills, simulation models are used. However, there is currently no model that adequately simulates TEE transducer insertion. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of using a cadaveric model to teach TEE transducer placement among novice ***: A convenience sample of emergency medicine residents was enrolled during a procedure education session using cadavers as tissue models. A pre-session assessment was used to determine prior knowledge and confidence regarding TEE manipulation. Participants subsequently attended a didactic and hands-on education session on TEE placement. All participants practised placing the TEE transducer until they were able to pass a standardized assessment of technical skill(SATS). After the educational session, participants completed a post-session assessment. RESUlTS: Twenty-five residents participated in the training session. Mean assessment of knowledge improved from 6.2/10 to 8.7/10(95% confidence interval [CI] of knowledge difference 1.6–3.2, Plationship between training level and the delta in knowledge or ***: In this pilot study, the use of a cadaveric model to teach TEE transducer placement methods among novice users is feasible and improves both TEE manipulation knowledge and confidence levels.

关键词： Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Echocardiography Education Simulation

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Precipitation study of CO2-loaded glycinate solution with the introduction of ethanol as an antisolvent

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020年第3期14卷 415-424页

作者： Siming Chen Yue Wu Geoffrey WStevens Guoping Hu Wenshou Sun kathryn AMumford College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Qingdao UniversityQingdao 266071China Peter Cook Centre for Carbon Capture and Storage Research(PCC) Particulate Fluids Processing Centre(PFPC)Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria 3010Australia

Focused beam reflectance measurement(FBRM)and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance(13C NMR)analysis were used to study the precipitation process of CO2-loaded potassium glycinate(KGlY)solutions at different CO2 loadings,during the addition of ethanol as an antisolvent at a rate of 10 ml·min−*** volume ratio of ethanol added to the KGlY solution(3.0 mol·l−1,340 ml)ranged from 0 to *** solid-liquid-liquid phases were formed during the precipitation *** FBRM results showed that the number of particles formed increased with CO2 loading and ethanol addition for CO2-unsaturated KGlY solutions,whilst for CO2-saturated KGlY solution it first increased then decreased to a stable value with ethanol addition.13C NMR spectroscopic analysis showed that the crystals precipitated from the CO2-unsaturated KGlY solutions consisted of glycine only,and the quantity crystallised increased with CO2 loading and ethanol ***,a complex mixture containing glycine,carbamate and potassium bicarbonate was precipitated from CO2-saturated KGlY solution with the maximum precipitation percentages of 94.3%,31.4%and 89.6%,respectively,at the ethanol volume fractions of 1.6,2.5 and 2.3.

关键词： crystallization precipitation glycinate FBRM 13C NMR

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