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Productive performance, egg quality, hematological parameters and serum chemistry of laying hens fed diets supplemented with certain fat-soluble vitamins, individually or combined, during summer season

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Animal Nutrition 2019年第1期5卷 49-55页

作者： Mohamed E.Abd El-Hack Mahmoud Alagawany Khalid M.Mahrose Muhammad Arif Muhammad Saeed Muhammad A.Arain Rab N.Soomro Farman A.Siyal Sarfraz A.Fazlani justin fowler Department of Poultry Faculty of Agriculture Zagazig University Department of Animal Sciences University College of Agriculture University of Sargodha Institute of Animal Sciences Faculty of Animal Husbandry University of AgricultureFaisalabad Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lasbela University of Agriculture Water and Marine Sciences College of Animal Sciences and Technology Northwest A & F University Department of Animal Nutrition Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences Sindh Agriculture University Department of Poultry Science University of Georgia

This present study aimed to determine the efficacy of supplementing layer diets with vitamin A(0, 8,000 and16,000 IU/kg diet) and vitamin E(0, 250 and 500 mg/kg diet) either individually or in combination on egg production and quality, and blood hematology and chemistry of birds reared under summer conditions. A total of 135 Bovans Brown laying hens were distributed to 9 treatment groups with 5 replicates of 3 hens/pen in a 3 × 3 factorial design. A significant improvement in feed conversion ratio(FCR) was observed as supplementary vitamin A or E increased(P 0.01). Hens fed diets supplemented with 16,000 IU vitamin A plus 500 mg vitamin E/kg diet had the best FCR among all groups. Egg quality traits were not significantly affected by the interaction of vitamin A and vitamin E levels. There was a significant increase in monocytes(P ≤ 0.01)and a decrease in basophils counts(P ≤ 0.05) in response to vitamin E. Significant decreases were observed in packed cell volume(PCV), thyroxine(T_4), alanine transferase(ALT), albumin, total cholesterol and total lipids((P ≤ 0.05 or P ≤ 0.01) P 0.01), and increases were observed in serum concentrations of globulin(P ≤ 0.05)and calcium(P ≤ 0.01) due to vitamin A. The combination of 0 IU vitamin A and 500 mg vitamin E/kg diet had the highest values of PCV(40.09%) and hemoglobin(Hb)(10.33 mg/100 mL) among all groups. Vitamin E raised serum values of total protein, total cholesterol and total lipids(P ≤ 0.05 or P≤ 0.01). Feed intake, FCR,PCV, Hb, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, T_4, ALT and total protein were significantly affected by the interaction of vitamins A and E(P ≤ 0.05 or P ≤ 0.01). The interaction of vitamins A and E was only significant with respect to serum total protein(P ≤ 0.05). It can be concluded that layer diets supplemented with vitamins A and E had good results in alleviating the harmful impacts of high ambient temperature. The combination of 16,000 IU vitamin A and 500 mg vitamin E per kilogram diet is prefer

关键词： Vitamin A Vitamin E Layer Egg quality Blood hematology

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饮食、营养及癌症风险:已知与前景

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英国医学杂志中文版 2020年第7期23卷 368-373页

作者： Timothy j Key kathryn E Bradbury Aurora Perez-Comago Rashmi Sinha Konstantinos K Tsilidis Shoichiro Tsugane 徐欣悦(译) 严雪敏(校) Cancer Epidemiology Unit Nuffield Department of Population HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK National Institute for Health Innovation School of Population HealthUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Metabolic Epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology University of Ioannina School of MedicineIoanninaGreece Department of Kpidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUK Center for Public Health Sciences National Cancer CenterTokyoJapan 中国医学科学院北京协和医院消化内科

几十年来科学家们就认为,营养在癌症发展中起着重要的作用。早在20世纪60年代就有流行病学研究显示,不同人群的癌症发病率差别非常大,而且从癌症低发国家移民到高发国家后,移民们的癌症发病率可能上升到与移民国家原住民的癌症发病率相... 详细信息

几十年来科学家们就认为,营养在癌症发展中起着重要的作用。早在20世纪60年代就有流行病学研究显示,不同人群的癌症发病率差别非常大,而且从癌症低发国家移民到高发国家后,移民们的癌症发病率可能上升到与移民国家原住民的癌症发病率相当,甚至更高1-2。这些观察结果提示环境是导致癌症发生的重要因素。

关键词：癌症发病率流行病学研究癌症发生癌症风险癌症发展原住民移民营养

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美国马里兰州涉及电击枪死亡案例分析

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法医学杂志 2011年第5期27卷 353-357页

作者： Mary G.Ripple 张翔沈忆文 David fowler 李玲马里兰州法医局美国马里兰州巴尔的摩21201 复旦大学上海医学院法医学系上海200032 司法部司法鉴定科学技术研究所上海市法医学重点实验室上海200063 中国政法大学证据科学教育部重点实验室北京100040

目的研究美国马里兰州涉及电子武器(电击枪)死亡案件的特点,探讨其法医学鉴定要点。方法收集2004—2009年美国马里兰州法医局鉴定的涉及电击枪死亡案件13例,案件均经详细的现场调查,尸体进行系统解剖,并进行全面的毒(药)物检测及组织病... 详细信息

目的研究美国马里兰州涉及电子武器(电击枪)死亡案件的特点,探讨其法医学鉴定要点。方法收集2004—2009年美国马里兰州法医局鉴定的涉及电击枪死亡案件13例,案件均经详细的现场调查,尸体进行系统解剖,并进行全面的毒(药)物检测及组织病理学检验。从一般情况、电击枪类型及接触方式、毒物检测结果、死亡方式、死亡原因等方面进行分析。结果死者多为男性,且多见于精神障碍患者突然急性发作,死前有服用药物或毒品情况,死亡原因系多种因素共同所致。结论涉及电击枪案件死者的死亡原因多为多种因素共同作用所致,死亡机制有待进一步研究,全面的现场调查及规范的尸体解剖程序对于此类案件的法医学鉴定至关重要。

关键词：法医病理学尸体解剖电击枪案例分析

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Regime shifts in community stability under short- and long-term environmental variability

Regime shifts in community stability under short- and long-t...

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第三世界生态高峰会

作者： fowler M,S. Ranta E. Kaitala V. Lindstr m j. Lundberg P. Integrative Ecology Unit.Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences.P.O.Box 65.Helsinki University.F1-00014.Finland. Integrative Ecology Unit.Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences.P.O.Box 65.Helsinki University.F1-00014.Finland. Integrative Ecology Unit.Department of Biological & Environmental Sciences.P.O.Box 65.Helsinki University.F1-00014.Finland. University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ.UK. Lund University S-223 62 Lund Sweden

All organisms exist in interacting networks of populations, communities and *** distribution and strengths of species' interactions determine how natural communities respond to disturbances,such as environmental change or species *** this work,we use multispecies communities with Lotka-Volterra type interspecific interactions,and analyse patterns in community persistence that arise following a range of different types of disturbance to these communities,specifically species deletions,short-and long-term environmental *** start by showing how straightforward community assembly rules that directly impact upon community feasibility and stability properties can explain results from previous studies on cascading extinctions in communities following species *** go on to show how temporal changes in species specific vital rates affect population dynamics and community stability properties,and may lead to profound and irreversible alterations of local communities affected by short-and long-term environmental *** in species' vital rates affect the structure and dynamics of communities such that shifts in relative abundances,

关键词： and long-term environmental variability Regime shifts in community stability under short

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环境DNA及其在水生生态系统保护中的应用

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生态学杂志 2016年第2期35卷 516-523页

作者：马鸿娟 STEWART kathryn 马利民任文伟赵建夫同济大学环境科学与工程学院上海200092 世界自然基金会(WWF)北京代表处上海200083

环境DNA(environmental DNA,e DNA)是指可以从环境样品(如水、土壤、空气、冰芯等)中直接提取到的DNA片段总和。e DNA技术是在确定调查物种或种群的特异性基因识别片段的基础上,利用各种分子手段检测从环境介质中所提取e DNA包含识别片... 详细信息

环境DNA(environmental DNA,e DNA)是指可以从环境样品(如水、土壤、空气、冰芯等)中直接提取到的DNA片段总和。e DNA技术是在确定调查物种或种群的特异性基因识别片段的基础上,利用各种分子手段检测从环境介质中所提取e DNA包含识别片段的情况,进而确定取样环境中生物的分布状况,包括e DNA获取、e DNA分析和结果分析3个阶段,是近年来新出现的一种生物调查方法。与传统方法相比,e DNA技术具有灵敏度高、省时省力、对调查对象无损伤等优点,不要求调查者具有传统的生物识别及鉴定经验。目前e DNA技术已被应用于目标物种(如入侵物种、濒危物种及其他稀有物种)"有无"的检测、生物量的估测、水体生物多样性的调查等,在水生生态系统的保护中具有广泛的应用前景,但目前仅在少数发达国家展开应用,亟待进一步推广。目前研究者们所用的e DNA方法各不相同,有待对现有方法进行完善并建立技术标准;作为一种调查方法,其时间及空间精确度有待进一步评价;利用e DNA技术估测生物量的准确度还较低,建议首先提高对e DNA产生与降解动力学的认识,再进一步寻求提高其准确度的方法。

关键词：环境DNA 生物监测生物多样性

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Cross-sectional population based study examining the impact of children with asthma on US rural families

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Health 2013年第2期5卷 351-359页

作者： Laura C. Palombi May Nawal Lutfiyya kathryn j. Pederson David R. Simmons Darin j. Steenerson Kenzie G. Hohman Krista Huot Ambulatory Care Residency Program College of Pharmacy University of Minnesota Minneapolis USA Essentia Health Acute Care Pharmacy Residency Duluth USA Essentia Health System Ambulatory Care Pharmacy Services Duluth USA Essentia Institute of Rural Health Duluth USA

Introduction: Approximately 7.1 million US children have asthma. The burden of asthma is disproportionate with ruralUSpopulations experiencing a higher prevalence of the disease. Rural populations experience additional disparities regarding health care access, job availability, and daily living resources. Hence, the family impact of having a child with asthma may be influenced by geographic locale. This impact could be a result of health insurance tied to employment, out of pocket costs, and health care provider availability. Few studies have assessed the impact a child’s asthma has on a family. This study sought to answer the question: What is the impact of children with asthma on US rural families? Methods: Multivariate techniques were performed to examine a single year of data from two connected population-based datasets, the 2007-2008 National Survey of Children’s Health and the 2009-2010 Children with Special Health Care Needs Survey. Children with current asthma defined the study population for both datasets. A logistic regression model was performed for each database. The dependent variable for the first model was child in family currently has asthma, for the second it was rural children with current asthma. Results: The first logistic regression model confirmed that rural children were more likely to have asthma than non-rural children. The second logistic regression model yielded that rural families with a child diagnosed with asthma had greater odds of: not having health insurance, having a parent who stopped working, avoided a job change, or experienced financial problems because of the child’s health. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that rural families experience a disproportionate financial hardship as a result of their child’s asthma. Pharmacist intervention in asthma care in rural areas has the potential to decrease the financial burden for a family while also improving a child’s health.

关键词： Asthma Family Burden Children with Asthma Rural Children with Asthma NSCH Data CSHCNS Data

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婴儿猝死综合征的法医学鉴定

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法医学杂志 2008年第5期24卷 361-364页

作者：李玲黄光照沈忆文周兰刘良 David fowler 马里兰州法医局华中科技大学同济医学院法医学系湖北武汉430030

近20多年来,婴儿猝死综合征(sudden infant death syndrome,SIDS)一直是西方发达国家医学界尤其是法医学和儿科学领域研究的热点。目前,随着对SIDS广泛而深入的研究,对其病因、发病特点、危险因素以及致病机制等都有了更明确的认识。虽... 详细信息

近20多年来,婴儿猝死综合征(sudden infant death syndrome,SIDS)一直是西方发达国家医学界尤其是法医学和儿科学领域研究的热点。目前,随着对SIDS广泛而深入的研究,对其病因、发病特点、危险因素以及致病机制等都有了更明确的认识。虽说近年来SIDS的发病率已有明显下降,在欧美洲、澳洲等发达国家,SIDS仍然是导致1个月到1岁婴儿死亡的首要原因。在亚洲国家和地区,尤其是发展中国家SIDS的报道很少见。本文通过总结文献并结合美国马里兰州近20年(1990—2006)来对SIDS的调查研究资料,介绍SIDS的发展历史、研究现状和新的发展趋势,并对SIDS法医学鉴定程序及鉴定要素进行讨论。

关键词：法医病理学婴儿猝死流行病学

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IoC容器和Dependency Injection模式

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程序员 2004年第3期 89-96页

作者： Martin fowler 透明

loC,一种轻量级容器,试图取代庞大而复杂的j2EE技术。如今正在开源java社群中掀起一股热潮,同时loC的设计模式讨论也进行的如火如茶。大师级的Martin fowler为我们带来这篇文章,先睹为快。

关键词：编译程序图形用户界面应用程序 java语言 Dependency Injection模式

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Laboratory animal welfare:status and resources

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中国比较医学杂志 2013年第1期23卷 62-68页

作者： kathryn Bayne Frederick MarylandUSA

1 IntroductionThere is a diversity of opinion in society regardingthe use of animals in ***,there isconsensus that the welfare of research animals is amoral imperative and is critical to producing highquality science.

关键词：基础医学呼吸生理呼吸运动人体生理学

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Intravenous vitamin C as adjunctive therapy for enterovirus/rhinovirus induced acute respiratory distress syndrome

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World journal of Critical Care Medicine 2017年第1期6卷 85-90页

作者： Alpha A fowler Ⅲ Christin Kim Lawrence Lepler Rajiv Malhotra Orlando Debesa Ramesh Natarajan Bernard j Fisher Aamer Syed Christine DeWilde Anna Priday Vigneshwar Kasirajan Division of Pulmonary Disease and Critical Care Medicine Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Department of Anesthesia Critical Care Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine Division of Critical Care Medicine INOVA Fair Oaks Hospital INOVA Health Care System Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery Vir-ginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine

We report a case of virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) treated with parenteral vitamin C in a patient testing positive for enterovirus/rhinovirus on viral screening. This report outlines the first use of high dose intravenous vitamin C as an interventional therapy for ARDS, resulting from enterovirus/rhinovirus respiratory infection. From very significant preclinical research performed at Virginia Commonwealth Universitywith vitamin C and with the very positive results of a previously performed phase Ⅰ safety trial infusing high dose vitamin C intravenously into patients with severe sepsis, we reasoned that infusing identical dosing to a patient with ARDS from viral infection would be therapeutic. We report here the case of a 20-year-old, previously healthy, female who contracted respiratory enterovirus/rhinovirus infection that led to acute lung injury and rapidly to ARDS. She contracted the infection in central Italy while on an 8-d spring break from college. During a return flight to the United States, she developed increasing dyspnea and hypoxemia that rapidly developed into acute lung injury that led to ARDS. When support with mechanical ventilation failed, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) was initiated. Twelve hours following ECMO initiation, high dose intravenous vitamin C was begun. The patient's recovery was rapid. ECMO and mechanical ventilation were discontinued by day-7 and the patient recovered with no long-term ARDS sequelae. Infusing high dose intravenous vitamin C into this patient with virus-induced ARDS was associated with rapid resolution of lung injury with no evidence of post-ARDS fibroproliferative sequelae. Intravenous vitamin C as a treatment for ARDS may open a new era of therapy for ARDS from many causes.

关键词： Intravenous vitamin C Acute respiratory distress syndrome Enterovirus/rhinovirus Acute lung injury Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

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