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Hypoxia-ischemia in the immature rodent brain impairs serotonergic neuronal function in certain dorsal raphé nuclei

Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第3期15卷 457-463页

作者： Hanna E.Reinebrant Julie A.Wixey kathryn m.Buller UQ Centre for Clinical Research Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland

Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia(HI) results in losses of serotonergic neurons in specific dorsal raphé nuclei. However, not all serotonergic raphé neurons are lost and it is therefore important to assess the function of remaining neurons in order to understand their potential to contribute to neurological disorders in the HI-affected neonate. The main objective of this study was to determine how serotonergic neurons, remaining in the dorsal raphé nuclei after neonatal HI, respond to an external stimulus(restraint stress). On postnatal day 3(p3), male rat pups were randomly allocated to one of the following groups:(i) control + no restraint(n = 5),(ii) control + restraint(n = 6),(iii) p3 HI + no restraint(n = 5) or(iv) p3 HI + restraint(n = 7). In the two HI groups, rat pups underwent surgery to ligate the common carotid artery and were then exposed to 6% O2 for 30 minutes. Six weeks after p3 HI, on p45, rats were subjected to restraint stress for 30 minutes. Using dual immunolabeling for Fos protein, a marker for neuronal activity, and serotonin(5-hydroxytryp.m.ne; 5-HT), numbers of Fos-positive 5-HT neurons were determined in five dorsal raphé nuclei. We found that restraint stress alone increased numbers of Fos-positive 5-HT neurons in all five dorsal raphé nuclei compared to control animals. However, following p3 HI, the number of stress-induced Fos-positive 5-HT neurons was decreased significantly in the dorsal raphé ventrolateral, interfascicular and ventral nuclei compared with control animals exposed to restraint stress. In contrast, numbers of stress-induced Fos-positive 5-HT neurons in the dorsal raphé dorsal and caudal nuclei were not affected by p3 HI. These data indicate that not only are dorsal raphé serotonergic neurons lost after neonatal HI, but also remaining dorsal raphé serotonergic neurons have reduced differential functional viability in response to an external stimulus. procedures were approved by the University of Queensland Animal Ethics Committee(

关键词： dorsal raphé nuclei Fos hypoxia-ischemia neonate newborn brain injury preterm restraint stress serotonin

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Solvent Extraction Developments in Southern Africa

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第2期11卷 153-159页

作者： peter m. Cole kathryn C. Sole Angus m. Feather matomo projects (pty) Ltd. Johannesburg South Africa Anglo American Research Laboratories Johannesburg South Africa Cognis Corporation Johannesburg South Africa

The largest solvent-extraction plant in the world at the time, the Nchanga Copper Operation, was in Zambia. The first commercial process using solvent extraction for the refining of the platinum-group.m.tals was in South Africa. more recently, the Southern African region has seen the implementation of solvent extraction for other base metals, precious metals, and specialty metals. These include the world firsts of primary production of zinc at Skorpion Zinc in Namibia and the large-scale refining of gold by Harmony Gold in South Africa. Several other flowsheets that use solvent-extraction technology are currently under commissioning, development, or feasibility study for implementation in this part of the world, including those for the recovery of copper, cobalt, nickel, tantalum, and niobium.

关键词： solvent extraction zinc recovery gold refining copper cobalt nickel

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psychological, social, and sexual challenges affecting men receiving male infertility treatment: a systematic review and implications for clinical care

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2023年第4期25卷 448-453页

作者： Winston Wu Justin La kathryn m Schubach Daniel Lantsberg Darren J Katz Department of Urology Western HealthSt AlbansVIC 3021Australia Department of Urology Kaiser Permanente San Rafael Medical CenterSan RafaelCA 94903USA men’s Health melbourne MelbourneVIC 3000Australia Reproductive Services Unit The Royal Women’s HospitalParkvilleVIC 3052Australia melbourne IVF East MelbourneVIC 3002Australia Department of Surgery Western PrecinctUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

In recent years, social research surrounding the consequences of infertility has increasingly focused on the male perspective;however, a gap exists in the understanding of men’s experiences of male infertility treatment. This review aims to synthesize theexisting evidence concerning the psychological, social, and sexual burden of male infertility treatment on men, as well as patientneeds during clinical care. A systematic search identified 12 studies that are diverse in design, setting, and methods. psychologicalevaluations have found that urological surgery may have a lasting impact on infertility-specific stress, and treatment failure canlead to feelings of depression, grief, and inadequacy. men tended to have an avoidant coping mechanism throughout fertilitytreatment, and their self-esteem, relationship quality, and sexual functions can be tied to outcomes of treatment. partner bonds canbe strengthened by mutual support and enhanced communication;couple separation, however, has been noted as a predominantreason for discontinuing male infertility treatment and may be associated with difficult circumstances surrounding severe maleinfertility. Surgical treatments can affect the sexual functioning of infertile men;however, the impact of testicular sperm extractionoutcomes appears to be psychologically driven whereas the improvements after microsurgical varicocelectomy are only evident inhypogonadal men. Clinically, there is a need for better inclusion, communication, education, and resource provision, to addressreported issues of marginalization and uncertainty in men. Routine psychosocial screening in cases of severe male infertility andfollow-up in cases of surgical treatment failure are likely beneficial.

关键词： male infertility male infertility treatment patient experience patient-centered care psychosocial sexual

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Locomotor analysis identifies early compensatory changes during disease progression and subgroup classification in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第10期12卷 1664-1679页

作者： melissa m.Haulcomb Rena m.meadows Whitney m.miller kathryn p.m. m.llan me Kenzie J.Hilsmeyer Xuefu Wang Wesley T.Beaulieu Stephanie L.Dickinson Todd J.Brown Virginia m.Sanders kathryn J.Jones Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Research and Development Service Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical CenterIndianapolisINUSA program in medical Neurosciences Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Statistics Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Indiana UniversityBloomingtonINUSA Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics The Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOHUSA

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a motoneuron degenerative disease that is challenging to diagnose and presents with considerable variability in *** identification and enhanced understanding of symptomatic patterns could aid in diagnosis and provide an avenue for monitoring disease *** of the m SOD1 G93 A mouse model provides control of the confounding environmental factors and genetic heterogeneity seen in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients,while investigating underlying disease-induced *** the present study,we performed a longitudinal behavioral assessment paradigm and identified an early hindlimb symptom,resembling the common gait abnormality foot drop,along with an accompanying forelimb compensatory mechanism in the m SOD1 G93 A *** these initial changes,m SOD1 mice displayed a temporary hindlimb compensatory mechanism resembling an exaggerated steppage *** the disease progressed,these compensatory mechanisms were not sufficient to sustain fundamental locomotor parameters and more severe deficits *** next applied these initial findings to investigate the inherent variability in B6 SJL m SOD1 G93 A *** identified four behavioral variables that,when combined in a cluster analysis,identified two subpopulations with different disease progression rates：a fast progression group and a slow progression *** behavioral assessment paradigm,with its analytical approaches,provides a method for monitoring disease progression and detecting m SOD1 subgroups with different disease *** affords researchers an opportunity to search for genetic modifiers or other factors that likely enhance or slow disease *** factors are possible therapeutic targets with the potential to slow disease progression and provide insight into the underlying pathology and disease mechanisms.

关键词： nerve regeneration amyotrophic lateral sclerosis motoneuron degenerative disease locomotor disease progression disease variability SOD1 mouse neural regeneration

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Linking tree growth rate, damage repair, and susceptibility to a genus-specific pest infestation

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第5期30卷 1935-1941页

作者： Kayla N.Boyes kathryn G.Hietala-Henschell Alexander p.Barton Andrew J.Storer Jordan m.marshall Department of Biology Purdue University Fort WayneFort WayneIN 46805USA School of Forest Resources and Environmental Science Michigan Technological UniversityHoughtonMI 49931USA

pest preference and subsequent susceptibility of a host individual is likely related to previous growth patterns in that *** ash borer(Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire)is a pestiferous beetle introduced to North America from *** all species of ash are susceptible to attack,some individual trees appear to survive *** selected ash trees in southeastern michigan,collected cores and categorized trees as high tolerance to emerald ash borer attack(high overall health,low crown dieback),low tolerance(low overall health,high crown dieback)and intermediate tolerance(in-between the other categories).We artificially wounded trees and measured wound closure after 3 *** width indices were not correlated between high and low tolerance *** slopes comparing growth and years were significantly different between the three tolerance categories,with high tolerance trees having the steepest *** closure was greatest in high tolerance *** tolerance trees demonstrating more rapid(steeper regression slope),consistent(lower variance),and effective(greater wound closure)*** vigorously growing trees likely had more capacity to repair damage caused by emerald ash borer,leading to healthier trees in our *** previous host growth patterns to health may have implications related to identifying individual trees potentially tolerant to attack.

关键词： Agrilus Ash Dendrochronology Emerald ash borer Fraxinus Invasive species

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The dynamic Archean to paleoproterozoic crustal evolution of Brazil:preface

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Geoscience Frontiers 2022年第5期13卷 106-109页

作者： Hugo moreira mathias Schannor kathryn Cutts Nick m.W.Roberts CNRS-UmR5243 Géosciences MontpellierUniversitéde MontpellierFrance Department of Earth Sciences University of CambridgeUK Department of Earth Sciences Freie Universität BerlinBerlinGermany Faculdade de Geologia Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroBrazil Geological Survey of Finland P.O.Box 96FI-02151 EspooFinland Geochronology and Tracers Facility British Geological SurveyNottinghamUK

Brazil is the largest country in South America and contains the majority of the exposed Archean and paleoproterozoic crust on the continent. As such, Brazil provides a natural laboratory for studies of the ancient Earth. In this Special Issue, contributions reflect the dynamic and protracted growth and reworking of former continents during a time frame of over a billion years, and depict how changes across the evolution of plate tectonics may have influenced the evolution of the interlinked crust-ocean-atmospheric Earth cycles over this period.

关键词： evolution paleo Earth

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An origin of the along-arc compositional variation in the Izu-Bonin arc system

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1621-1634页

作者： kathryn Durkin paterno R.Castillo Susanne m.Straub Natsue Abe Yoshihiko Tamura Quanshu Yan Scripps Institution of Oceanography UCSD9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093-0212USA Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia Univ.61 US-9WPalisadesNY10964USA Japan Agency for marine-Earth Science and Technology(JAmSTEC) 2-15 Natsushima-choJapan Key Laboratory of marine Sedimentary and Environmental Geology The First Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China

The Izu-Bonin arc system is sediment-poor(~400 m thick with no accretionary prism)and,therefore,the influence of the altered oceanic crust(AOC)is most likely the source of the documented along-arc lava compositional variations,especially in pb ***-Bonin arc lava geochemistry suggests an influx of subduction component from an Indian-type ***,samples drilled from the western pacific geochemical reference site at Integrated Ocean Drilling program Site 1149 implies subduction of a pacific-type *** solve the apparent discrepancy of slab input versus arc output in this arc system,samples of the AOC were dredged from vertical fault scarps of the subducting pacific plate along a transect from 27.5°N to 34.50 *** range from tholeiitic to mildly alkalic mid-ocean ridge basalts as well as trachybasalts,basaltic trachyandesites,tephrites,and *** ratios also exhibit a range of values(87Sr/86Sr=0.70282-0.70673,143 Nd/144 Nd=0.512552-0.513174,206pb/204 pb=18.43-20.00,207 pb/204 pb=15.40-15.67,208pb/204pb=37.75-39.55).Our results suggest that there is a geochemical variation in the AOC that is neither completely due to seawater or hydrothermal alteration,nor to petrogenetic ***,this variation is the result of the pacific-Izanagi Ridge system tapping into a heterogeneous,plume-polluted mantle source during the mid-Cretaceous volcanic *** observed pacific-type AOC is not responsible for the Indian-type pb isotopic signature of Izu-Bonin arc *** leads us to propose an alternative scenario where the Izu-Bonin arc lava Indian-type pb isotopic signature originates from slab-derived fluids interacting and adsorbing pb from an Indian-type mantle wedge through zone-refining.

关键词： Izu-Bonin AOC pb-isotopes Indian-type Zone-refining

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Lifestyle and dietary factors in the prevention of letha prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第3期14卷 365-374,I0004,I0005页

作者： kathryn m Wilson Edward L Giovannucci Lorelei A mucci Depa rtment of Epidemiology Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA 02115 USA Department of Nutrition Harvard School of Public Health Boston MA 02115 USA Channing Laboratory Brigham and Women＇s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA

The prevention of lethal prostate cancer is a critical public health challenge that would improve health and reduce suffering from this disease. In this review, we discuss the evidence surrounding specific lifestyle and dietary factors in the prevention of lethal prostate cancer. We present a summary of evidence for the following selected behavioral risk factors： obesity and weight change, physical activity, smoking, antioxidant intake, vitamin D and calcium, and coffee intake.

关键词： epidemiology diet life style obesity physical activity prevention prostate cancer

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BDNF rescues prefrontal dysfunction elicited by pyramidal neuron-specific DTNBp1 deletion in vivo

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Journal of molecular Cell Biology 2017年第2期9卷 117-131页

作者： Wen Zhang kathryn m. Daly Bo Liang Lifeng Zhang Xuan Li Yun Li Da-Ting Lin Intramural Research program National Institute on Drug Abuse National Institutes of Health 333 CasseU Drive Baltimore MD 21224 USA The Jackson Laboratory 600 Main Street Bar Harbor ME 04609 USA The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine 725 N. Wolfe Street Baltimore MD 21205 USA

Dystrobrevin-binding protein 1 （Dtnbp1） is one of the earliest identified schizophrenia susceptibility genes. Reduced expression of DTNBp1 is commonly found in brain areas of schizophrenic patients. Dtnbp1-nuU mutant mice exhibit abnormalities in beha- viors and impairments in neuronal activities. However, how diminished DTNBp1 expression contributes to clinical relevant fea- tures of schizophrenia remains to be illustrated. Here, using a conditional Dtnbp1 knockout mouse line, we identified an in vivo schizophrenia-relevant function of DTNBp1 in pyramidal neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex （mpFC）. We demonstrated that DTNBp1 elimination specifically in pyramidal neurons of the mpFC impaired mouse pre-pu[se inhibition （ppI） behavior and reduced perisomatic GABAergic synapses. We further revealed that loss of DTNBp1 in pyramidal neurons diminished activity- dependent secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）. Finally, we showed that chronic BDNF infusion in the mpFC fully rescued both GABAergic synaptic dysfunction and ppI behavioral deficit induced by DTNBp1 elimination from pyramidal neurons. Our findings highlight brain region- and cell type-specific functions of DTNBp1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, and under- score BDNF restoration as a potential therapeutic strategy for schizophrenia.

关键词： schizophrenia GABAergic disinhibition pFC BDNF Dtnbp1

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Collection,curation and the use of humidification to restore nest shape in a research museum bird nest collection

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Avian Research 2021年第3期12卷 399-411页

作者： Tonya m.Haff Natalie Tees kathryn Wood E.margaret Cawsey Leo Joseph Clare E.Holleley Australian National Wildlife Collection National Research Collections AustraliaCSIROGPO Box 1700CanberraACT 2601Australia

Background:Bird nests are an important part of avian *** are a powerful tool for studying not only the birds that built them,but a wide array of topics ranging from parasitology,urbanisation and climate change to *** this,bird nests tend to be underrepresented in natural history collections,a problem that should be redressed through renewed focus by collecting ***:Here we outline the history and current best practice collection and curatorial methods for the nest col-lection of the Australian National Wildlife Collection(ANWC).We also describe an experiment conducted on nests in the ANWC using ultrasonic humidification to restore the shape of nests damaged by inappropriate ***:The experiment showed that damaged nests can be successfully reshaped to close to their original ***,restored nests were significantly closer to their original shape than they were prior to ***,even nests damaged by years of neglect may be fully incorporated into active research *** practice techniques include extensive note taking and photography in the field,subsampling of nests that cannot or should not be collected,appropriate field storage,metadata management,and prompt treatment upon arrival at the collec-tion ***:Renewed focus on nest collections should include appropriate care and restoration of current col-lections,as well as expansion to redress past *** could include collaboration with researchers studying or monitoring avian nesting ecology,and nest collection after use in bird species that rebuild anew each nesting *** expansion of museum nest collections will allow researchers and natural history collections to fully realise the scientific potential of these complex and beautiful specimens.

关键词： Best practice Bird Curation Nest Nest shape Natural history collection Humidification Object restoration preservation

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