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A solution scan of societal options to reduce transmission and spread of respiratory viruses:SARS-CoV-2 as a case study

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Journal of Biosafety and Biosecurity 2021年第2期3卷 84-90页

作者： William J.Sutherland Nigel G.Taylor David C.Aldridge Philip martin Catherine Rhodes Gorm Shackelford Simon Beard Haydn Belfield Andrew J.Bladon Cameron Brick Alec P.Christie Andrew P.Dobson Harriet Downey Amelia S.C.Hood Fangyuan Hua Alice C.Hughes Rebecca m.Jarvis Douglas macFarlane William H.morgan Anne-Christinemupepele Stefan J.marciniak Cassidy Nelson SeánÓhÉigeartaigh Clarissa Rios Rojas katherine A.Sainsbury Rebecca K.Smith Lalitha S.Sundaram Ann Thornton John Watkins Thomas B.White Kate Willott Silviu O.Petrovan BioRISC(Biosecurity Research Initiative at St Catharine’s) St Catharine’s CollegeCambridge CB21RLUK Department of Zoology University of CambridgeThe David Attenborough BuildingPembroke StreetCambridge CB23QZUK Tour du Valat Research Institute for the Conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands13200 ArlesFrance Centre for the Study of Existential Risk University of CambridgeCB21SBUK Department of Social Psychology University of AmsterdamNieuwe Achtergracht 129 B1018 WT AmsterdamNetherlands Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology 117 Eno HallPrinceton UniversityNJ 08544USA Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871PR China Centre for Integrative Conservation Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesXishuangbannaYunnan 666303PR China Te Kura Putaiao-School of Science Auckland University of TechnologyAucklandNew Zealand School of Psychological Sciences University of Western AustraliaPerth35 Stirling HwyCrawley WA 6009Australia Nature Conservation and Landscape Ecology Biometry and Environmental System AnalysisUniversity of FreiburgGermany Cambridge Institute for medical Research University of CambridgeCambridge Biomedical CampusThe Keith Peters BuildingHills RoadCambridge CB20XYUK Future of Humanity Institute University of OxfordOxford OX11PTUK Faculty of Kinesiology Sportand RecreationUniversity of Alberta2-130V Van Vliet 21 Complex(University Hall)EdmontonAlberta T6G 2H9Canada Division of Population medicine School of MedicineCardiff UniversityCardiff CF144YSUK

Societal biosecurity–measures built into everyday society to minimize risks from pests and diseases–is an important aspect of managing epidemics and *** aimed to identify societal options for reducing the transmission and spread of respiratory *** used SARS-CoV-2(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2)as a case study to meet the immediate need to manage the COVID-19 pandemic and eventually transition to more normal societal conditions,and to catalog options for managing similar pandemics in the *** used a‘solution scanning’*** read the literature;consulted psychology,public health,medical,and solution scanning experts;crowd-sourced options using social media;and collated comments on a ***,we present a list of 519 possible measures to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission and *** provide a long list of options for policymakers and businesses to consider when designing biosecurity plans to combat SARS-CoV-2 and similar pathogens in the *** also developed an online application to help with this *** encourage testing of actions,documentation of outcomes,revisions to the current list,and the addition of further options.

关键词： Biosecurity Coronavirus COVID-19 Disease control New normal Public health

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Vivid birds do not initiate flight sooner despite their potential conspicuousness

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 773-780页

作者： Nicholai m. HENSLEY Jonathan P. DRURY Theodore GARLAND, Jr. Daniel T. BLUmSTEIN Department of Ecology Evolution and Marine Biology University of Califomia Santa Barbara CA USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1606 USA Institude de Biologie de I'ENS 46 Rue d'Ulm 75005 Paris France Department of Biology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

The distance from an approaching threat at which animals initiate flight - flight-initiation distance （FID） -- is a sensitive metric of variation in risk, but the effects on FID associated with the risk of possessing highly detectable external coloration are unknown. We tested whether variation in the degree of plumage vividness in birds explained variation in flight-initiation distance. After controlling for body mass, the distance at which the experimental approach began, and phylogenetic relatedness, plumage vividness was not a predictor of FID. Contrary to the expectation that vividness affects risk, and therefore risk assess- ment, these results suggest that birds do not compensate for greater visual conspicuousness by fleeing sooner from approaching threats [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 773-780, 2015].

关键词： Antipredator behavior Body size Coloration Comparative method Conspicuousness Flight Initiation Distance

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增大跑速对着地时小腿峰值制动的影响

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体育教学与科研 1986年第2期 15-17页

作者： T.E.Clarke L.B.cooper D.E.ClarK C.L.Hamill 严波涛

医务工作者常说:快跑有时会增大受伤的可能性。逻辑似乎就是这样:在快跑中骨胳肌的应力随之增大。本实验的目的就是测定跑速增加对每一步肌应力的影响。方法: 十名受过良好训练的短跑运动员在跑台上做下面四种不同跑速的测试:3.35,3.83,... 详细信息

医务工作者常说:快跑有时会增大受伤的可能性。逻辑似乎就是这样:在快跑中骨胳肌的应力随之增大。本实验的目的就是测定跑速增加对每一步肌应力的影响。方法: 十名受过良好训练的短跑运动员在跑台上做下面四种不同跑速的测试:3.35,3.83,4.47,5.36m/s(8,7,6,5分/英里),所有受试者都已熟练掌握了跑台跑技术,并且在采集数据前,受试者先做一些四种跑速的练习。小腿制动的数据采集使用了Kulite微型压阻式加速度计。使用时,用巴沙木包裹后紧紧

关键词：跑速 PSD 腾空时间小腿

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高血压患者心电图左心室肥厚消退与新发房颤发生率下降

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2007年第5期26卷 265-270页

作者： Peter m. Okin Kristian Wachtell Richard B. Devereux katherine E. Harris Sverker Jern Sverre E. Kjeldsen Stevo Julius Lars H. Lindholm markku S. Nieminen Jonathan m. Edelman t Darcy A. Hille Bjoern Dahloef 阮雯（译）沈卫峰（校） Greenberg Division of Cardiology Weill Medical College of Comell University New York NY Departrnent of medicine Glostrup University Hospital Glostrup Denmark merck Research Laboratories West Point Pa Sahlgrenska University Hospital/Oestra GoeteborgSweden University of Oslo Uileval Hospital OsloNorway University of michigan medical Center Ann Arbor Umea University Umea Sweden Division of Cardiology Department of MedicineHelsinki University Central HospitalHelsinkiFinland Umea university and merck＆co Inc Whitehouse Station.Nu 不详

背景：心房纤颤（简称房颤）与死亡和心血管事件（特别是卒中）危险性增加相关，因此，预防新发房颤是一个重要的临床问题。虽然心电图左心室肥厚（electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy，LVH）的存在及其严重程度可以预... 详细信息

背景：心房纤颤（简称房颤）与死亡和心血管事件（特别是卒中）危险性增加相关，因此，预防新发房颤是一个重要的临床问题。虽然心电图左心室肥厚（electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy，LVH）的存在及其严重程度可以预测房颤的发生，但是心电图LVH消退是否与房颤发生率下降相关尚不清楚。目的：验证降压治疗期间心电图LVH消退或持续消失与房颤发生率下降相关且独立于血压水平及治疗模式的假设。设计、方法及参试者：1995～2001年于8831例男性和女性高血压患者中进行双盲、随机、平行分组研究。患者年龄55～80岁（中位数，67岁），均根据心电图Comell电压-间期乘积或Sokolow—Lyon电压标准诊断LVH。患者无房颤史，基线心电图无房颤，已入选氯沙坦干预降低终点事件高血压研究。干预：氯沙坦或阿替洛尔治疗方案，6个月时进行随访评估，之后每年随访，直至患者死亡或试验终止。主要观测指标：基线及随访各时点心电图LVH与新发房颤的相关性。心电图LVH的测量使用性别校正的Comell乘积标准（{RavL＋Sv3[女性＋6mm]}×QRS间期）。结果：经过平均（SD）4．7（1．1）年的随访，治疗期间心电图Comell乘积标准LVH消退或持续消失的患者有290例新发房颤（发生率为14．9／1000病人-年）；而心电图LVH持续或进展的患者则有411例新发房颤（19．0／1000病人-年）。时间依赖Cox分析显示，在校正治疗效果、基线房颤危险因素差异、基线及治疗期间血压以及基线LVH严重程度后，治疗期间Comell乘积标准LVH降低作为一种时间变异协变量与新发房颤下降相关。Comell乘积每下降1050mm×msec（每个SD），新发房颤就下降12．4％（校正风险比[hazard ratio，HR]，0．88；95％可信区间[confidence interval，CI]0．80～0．97；P=0．007）；氯沙坦减少高血压患者发生房颤的益处优于阿替洛尔（HR，0．83；95％CI，0．71～0．97；P=0．01）。结论：原发性高血压患者在降压治疗期间，心电图Comell乘积标准LVH消退与新发房颤下降相关，而且独立于血压和治疗方案。这些发现提示，以降低或预防心电图LVH为目标的降压治疗可以降低新发房颤的发生率。

关键词：原发性高血压患者左心室肥厚心电图发生率房颤消退标准诊断降压治疗

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Generation of a human embryonic stem cell line stably expressing high levels of the fluorescent protein mCherry

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2012年第7期4卷 71-79页

作者： Dmitry A Ovchinnikov Jennifer P Turner Drew m Titmarsh Nilay Y Thakar Dong Choon Sin Justin J cooper-White Ernst J Wolvetang Stem Cell Engineering Group Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbane 4072QueenslandAustralia Tissue Engineering and microfluidics Laboratory Australian Institute for Bioengineering and NanotechnologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbane 4072QueenslandAustralia School of Chemical Engineering University of Queensland Brisbane 4072QueenslandAustralia

AIm:The generation and characterization of a human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line stably expressing red fluorescent mCherry protein. mETHODS:Lentiviral transduction of a ubiquitously-expressed human EF-1α promoter driven mCherry transgene was performed in mEL2 hESC. Red fluore-scence was assessed by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Pluripotency of stably transduced hESC was determined by immunofluorescent pluripotency marker expression, flow cytometry, teratoma assays andembryoid body-based differentiation followed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Quantification of cell motility and survival was performed with time lapse microscopy. RESULTS:Constitutively fluorescently-labeled hESCs are useful tools for facile in vitro and in vivo tracking of survival, motility and cell spreading on various surfaces before and after differentiation. Here we describe the generation and characterization of a hESC line (mEL2) stably expressing red fluorescent protein, mCherry. This line was generated by random integration of a fluorescent protein-expressing cassette, driven by the ubiquitously-expressed human EF-1α promoter. Stably transfected mEL2-mCherry hESC were shown to express pluripo-tency markers in the nucleus (POU5F1/OCT4, NANOG and SOX2) and on the cell surface (SSEA4, TRA1-60 and TG30/CD9) and were shown to maintain a normal karyotype in long-term (for at least 35 passages) culture. mEL2-mCherry hESC further readily differentiated into representative cell types of the three germ layers in embryoid body and teratoma based assays and, importantly, maintained robust mCherry expression throughout differentiation. The cell line was next adapted to singlecell passaging, rendering it compatible with numerous bioengineering applications such as measurement of cell motility and cell spreading on various protein modified surfaces, quantification of cell attachment to nanoparticles and rapid estimation of cell survival. CONCLUSION:The mEL2-mCherry hESC line c

关键词： Human embryonic stem cells Fluorescent marker mCherry Pluripotency Cellular motility

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New Species of Enantiornithes(Aves:Ornithothoraces) from the Qiaotou Formation in Northern Hebei,China

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2010年第2期84卷 247-256页

作者： WANG Xuri Jingmai K. O＇CONNOR ZHAO Bo Luis m. CHIAPPE GAO Chunling CHENG Xiaodong Dalian Natural History museum Dalian 116023 China Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100037 China Dinosaur Institute Natural History Museum of Los Angeles Los Angeles CA 90007 USA University of Southern California Los Angeles CA 90089 USA

We report on a new species of enantiornithine bird from the Lower Cretaceous Qiaotou Formation of northern Hebei, China. The new taxon, Shenqiornis mengi gen. et sp. nov., possesses several enantiornithine synapomorphies but is unique from other known species. The specimen has a well-preserved skull that reveals new information about enantiornithine cranial morphology. The new taxon possesses a large postorbital with a long tapering jugal process indicating that some enantiornithines may have had a fully diapsid skull, as in Confuciusornis. The tooth morphology of the specimen is unique and likely represents a previously unknown trophic specialization within Enantiornithes.

关键词： Aves Enantiornithes diapsid teeth Jehol Qiaotou Formation

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Identification of new genetic risk factors for prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2009年第1期11卷 49-55页

作者： michelle Guy Zsofia Kote-Jarai Graham G. Giles Ali Amin Al Olama Sarah K. Jugurnauth Shani mulholland Daniel A. Leongamomlert Stephen m. Edwards Jonathan morrison Helen I. Field melissa C. Southey Gianluca Severi Jenny L. Donovan Freddie C. Hamdy David R Dearnaley Kenneth R. muir Charmaine Smith melisa Bagnato Audrey T. Ardern-Jones Amanda L. Hall Lynne T. O＇Brien Beatrice N. Gehr-Swain Rosemary A. Wilkinson Angela Cox Sarah Lewis Paul m. Brown Sameer G. Jhavar malgorzata Tymrakiewicz Artitaya Lophatananon Sarah L. Bryant The UK Genetic Prostate Cancer Study Collaborators British Association of Urological Surgeons＇ Section of Oncology and The UK ProtecT Study Collaborators Alan Horwich Robert A. Huddart Vincent S. Khoo Christopher C. Parker Christopher J. Woodhouse Alan Thompson Tim Christmas Chris Ogden Cyril Fisher Charles Jameson Colin S. cooper Dallas R. English John L. Hopper David E. Neal Douglas E Easton Rosalind A. Eeles Section of Cancer Genetics The Institute of Cancer Research Sutton Surrey SM2 5NG UK Cancer Epidemiology Centre The Cancer Council Victoria Carlton VIC 3053 Australia Centre for molecular Environmental Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology The University of Melbourne Carlton VIC 3053 Australia Cancer Research UK Genetic Epidemiology Unit University of Cambridge Strangeways Laboratory Worts Causeway Cambridge CB1 8RN UK Department of Oncology University of Cambridge Strangeways Laboratory Worts Causeway Cambridge CB1 8RN UK Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory Department of Pathology The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC 3052 Australia Department of Social medicine University of Bristol Bristol BS8 2PR UK Academic Urology Unit University of Sheffield Sheffield SIO 2JF UK The Royal marsden NHS Foundation Trust Sutton Surrey SM2 5PT and London SW3 6JJ UK University of Nottingham medical School Queens Medical Centre Nottingham NG7 2UH UK Institute for Cancer Studies University of Sheffield Sheffield SIO 2RX UK Surgical Oncology （Uro-Oncology S4） Departments of Oncology and Surgery University of Cambridge Addenbrooke＇s Hospital Cambridge CB2 2QQ UK A full list of authors is provided in the Supplementary Note online Ka Shing Centre Cambridge CB2 ORE UK Cancer Research UK Cambridge Research Institute Li Ka Shing Centre Cambridge CB2 ORE UK.

There is evidence that a substantial part of genetic predisposition to prostate cancer （PCa） may be due to lower penetrance genes which are found by genome-wide association studies. We have recently conducted such a study and seven new regions of the genome linked to PCa risk have been identified. Three of these loci contain candidate susceptibility genes： mSmB, LmTK2 and KLK2/3. The mSmB and KLK2/3 genes may be useful for PCa screening, and the LmTK2 gene might provide a potential therapeutic target. Together with results from other groups, there are now 23 germline genetic variants which have been reported. These results have the potential to be developed into a genetic test. However, we consider that marketing of tests to the public is premature, as PCa risk can not be evaluated fully at this stage and the appropriate screening protocols need to be developed. Follow-up validation studies, as well as studies to explore the psychological implications of genetic profile testing, will be vital prior to roll out into healthcare.

关键词： prostate cancer genetics susceptibility loci SNPs relative risks

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CCR2 enhances CD25 expression by FoxP3^(+) regulatory T cells and regulates their abundance independently of chemotaxis and CCR2^(+) myeloid cells

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2020年第2期17卷 123-132页

作者： Yifan Zhan Nancy Wang Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar Yuxia Zhang michael Chopin Stephen L.Nutt Axel Kallies Andrew m.Lew The Walter&Eliza Hall Institute of medical Research ParkvilleVIC 3052Australia Department of medical Biology University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia Guangzhou Institute of Paediatrics Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical CentreGuangzhou Medical University510623 GuangzhouGuangdongChina Department of microbiology and Immunology Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia

A wide array of chemokine receptors,including CCR2,are known to control Treg ***,we report that CCR2 regulates Tregs beyond *** found that CCR2 deficiency reduced CD25 expression by FoxP3^(+) Treg *** a change was also consistently present in irradiation chimeras reconstituted with mixed bone marrow from wild-type(WT)and CCR2−/−***,CCR2 deficiency resulted in profound loss of CD25 ^(hi) FoxP3^(+) Tregs in secondary lymphoid organs as well as in peripheral ***2−/−Treg cells were also functionally inferior to WT ***,these changes to Treg cells did not depend on CCR2+monocytes/moDCs(the cells where CCR2 receptors are most abundant).Rather,we demonstrated that CCR2 was required for TLR-stimulated,but not TCR-or IL-2-stimulated,CD25 upregulation on Treg ***,we propose that CCR2 signaling can increase the fitness of FoxP3^(+) Treg cells and provide negative feedback to counter the proinflammatory effects of CCR2 on myeloid cells.

关键词： CCR2 CD25 organs

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外阴糜烂性扁平苔藓:呈现少量基底膜带循环抗体

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2005年第10期1卷 45-45页

作者： cooper S.m Dean D Allen J 潘敏 Department of Dermatology Churchill Hospital HeadingtonOxford OX3 7LJ United Kingdom.Dr

The objective of this study was to investigate whether circulating basement membrane zone (BmZ) antibodies are present in erosive lichen planus (LP) of the vulva. In total, 56 consecutive women with biopsy-confirmed erosive LP of the vulva were recruited from a vulval clinic in a district general hospital and teaching hospital in Oxfordshire. Indirect immunofluorescence (IgG and IgA) was performed on 56 sera, and 15 were tested to IgG subclasses (1-4). Immunoblotting was carried out on salt-split and urea-extracted epidermal skin extracts on 11. The main outcome measure was the presence or absence of staining at the BmZ. Of the 56 sera, 34 (61%) had weak (neat or 1:5) epidermal-binding BmZ antibodies (25 had IgG, 5 had IgA, 4 had both IgG and IgA). All 15 sera tested to IgG showed epidermal binding to one or more IgG subclasses: IgG1 (7 sera), IgG2 (7),IgG3 (7) and IgG4 (0). Immunoblotting identified IgG antibodies to bullous pemphigoid (BP)180 (10/11) and BP230 (2/11).The majority (61%) of patients with vulval erosive LP had circulating serum IgG BmZ antibodies, chiefly reacting with BP180. There was subclass restriction of the IgG response to IgG1, 2 and 3. The significance of these antibodies is uncertain, but they may be a marker for the disease.

关键词：基底膜带糜烂性扁平苔藓循环抗体 IgG 免疫印迹间接免疫荧光大疱性类天疱疮女阴教学医院综合医院

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家庭血压远程监测与社区卫生工作者相结合改善血压(LINK-BP)项目的设计与原理

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中华高血压杂志(中英文) 2023年第12期31卷 1284-1284页

作者： Commodore-mensah Y Liu X Ogungbe O Ibe C Amihere J mensa m martin SS Crews D Carson KA cooper LA Himmelfarb CR 刘青练桂丽

在美国,非洲裔和西班牙裔成人以及生活贫困的人高血压结局的差异仍然存在。家庭血压远程监测与社区卫生工作者相结合改善血压(linked with com-munity health workers to improve blood pressure,LINK-BP)项目是一个多层次的干预项目,...

在美国,非洲裔和西班牙裔成人以及生活贫困的人高血压结局的差异仍然存在。家庭血压远程监测与社区卫生工作者相结合改善血压(linked with com-munity health workers to improve blood pressure,LINK-BP)项目是一个多层次的干预项目,将家庭血压监测与移动健康应用程序、社区卫生工作者的支持以及初级保健实践中的血压测量培训相结合,

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