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Sarcopenic obesity in patients awaiting liver transplant: Unique challenges for nutritional recommendations

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 40-47页

作者： Darya m Herscovici katherine m cooper Alessandro Colletta michelle Rightmyer Alexandra Shingina Lauren D Feld Department of medicine UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States Division of Transplant Nutrition UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States Department of medicine Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTN 37215United States Division of Gastroenterology UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01655United States

Sarcopenic obesity increases the risk of mortality in patients with liver disease awaiting liver transplantation and in the post-transplant *** recommendations for individuals with sarcopenia differ from recommendations for patients with obesity or sarcopenic *** these nutrition guidelines have been established in non-cirrhotic patients,established guidelines for liver transplant candidates with sarcopenic obesity are *** this paper,we review existing literature on sarcopenic obesity in patients with chronic liver disease and address opportunities to improve nutritional counseling in patients awaiting liver transplantation.

关键词： Nutrition Sarcopenia Sarcopenic obesity Liver transplant Cirrhosis Chronic liver disease Body composition myostatin

Kidney disease in patients with chronic liver disease:Does sex matter?

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第17期11卷 3980-3992页

作者： katherine m cooper Alessandro Colletta Kristen moulton Kenneth m Ralto Deepika Devuni Department of medicine UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01665United States Department of medicine Division of GastroenterologyUMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01665United States Department of medicine Division of Renal MedicineUMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01665United States

Kidney disease in patients with liver disease is serious and increases *** to 50%of patients hospitalized experience an episode of acute kidney *** general,men with liver disease are thought to be at increased risk of kidney ***,this association should be considered with caution because most studies use creatinine-based inclusion criteria,which is negatively biased against *** this review,we synthesize data on sex differences in kidney disease in patients with chronic liver disease in the clinical setting and discuss potential physiologic underpinnings.

关键词： Sex differences Renal disease Gender disparity Hepatorenal syndrome Renal replacement therapy

COVID-19 associated liver injury:A general review with special consideration of pregnancy and obstetric outcomes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第42期28卷 6017-6033页

作者： katherine m.cooper Alessandro Colletta Alison m.Asirwatham Tiffany A.moore Simas Deepika Devuni Department of medicine University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01605United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01605United States Departments of Pediatrics Psychiatryand Population&Quantitative Health SciencesUniversity of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01605United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of Massachusetts Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 1605United States

Liver injury is an increasingly recognized extra-pulmonary manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)*** disease 2019(COVID-19)associated liver injury(COVALI)is a clinical syndrome encompassing all patients with biochemical liver injury identified in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 *** profound clinical implications,its pathophysiology is poorly ***,most information on COVALI is derived from the general population and may not be applicable to individuals under-represented in research,including pregnant *** manuscript reviews:Clinical features of COVALI,leading theories of COVALI,and existing literature on COVALI during pregnancy,a topic not widely explored in the ***,we synthesized data from the general and perinatal populations that demonstrates COVALI to be a hepatocellular transaminitis that is likely induced by systemic inflammation and that is strongly associated with disease severity and poorer clinical outcome,and offered perspective on approaching transaminitis in the potentially COVID-19 positive patient in the obstetric setting.

关键词： COVID-19 liver injury Pregnancy Perinatal liver disease Systemic inflammation Special populations

Delayed referral for liver transplant evaluation worsens outcomes in chronic liver disease patients requiring inpatient transplant evaluation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2023年第4期13卷 169-182页

作者： katherine m cooper Alessandro Colletta Nicholas J Hathaway Diana Liu Daniella Gonzalez Arslan Talat Curtis Barry Anita Krishnarao Savant mehta Babak movahedi Paulo N martins Deepika Devuni Department of medicine UMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01605United States Department of medicine Division of GastroenterologyUMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01605United States Department of Surgery Transplant DivisionUMass Chan Medical SchoolWorcesterMA 01605United States

BACKGROUND Indications to refer patients with cirrhosis for liver transplant evaluation(LTE)include hepatic decompensation or a model for end stage liver disease(mELDNa)score≥*** studies have evaluated how delaying referral beyond these criteria affects patient *** To evaluate clinical characteristics of patients undergoing inpatient LTE and to assess the effects of delayed LTE on patient outcomes(death,transplantation).mETHODS This is a single center retrospective cohort study assessing all patients undergoing inpatient LTE(n=159)at a large quaternary care and liver transplant center between 10/23/2017-7/31/*** referral was defined as having prior indication(decompensation,mELD-Na≥15)for LTE without *** referral was defined as referrals made within 3 mo of having an indication based on practice *** regression and Cox Hazard Regression were used to evaluate the relationship between delayed referral and patient *** many patients who require expedited inpatient LTE had delayed *** regarding transplant candidacy were a leading cause of delayed ***,delayed referrals negatively affected overall patient outcome and an independent predictor of both death and not receiving a *** referral was associated with a 2.5 hazard risk of *** Beyond initial access to an liver transplant(LT)center,delaying LTE increases risk of death and reduces risk of LT in patients with chronic liver *** is substantial opportunity to increase the percentage of patients undergoing LTE when first clinically *** is crucial for providers to remain informed about the latest guidelines on liver transplant candidacy and the transplant referral process.

关键词： Liver transplantation Liver transplant evaluation Liver transplant referral Patient access Equity Patient outcomes

Nutritional epigenetics education improves diet and attitude of parents of children with autism or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第1期14卷 159-178页

作者： Renee J Dufault katherine m Adler David O Carpenter Steven G Gilbert Raquel A Crider College of Graduate Health Studies A.T.Still UniversityKirksvilleMO 63501United States Department of Research Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States Department of Health Sciences University of New HavenWest HavenCT 06516United States Institute for Health and the Environment School of Public HealthState University of New YorkAlbanyNY 12222United States Department of Research Institute of Neurotoxicology and Neurological DisordersSeattleWA 98105United States Department of Statistics Food Ingredient and Health Research InstituteNaalehuHI 96772United States

BACKGROUND Unhealthy maternal diet leads to heavy metal exposures from the consumption of ultra-processed foods that may impact gene behavior across generations,creating conditions for the neurodevelopmental disorders known as autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Children with these disorders have difficulty metabolizing and excreting heavy metals from their bloodstream,and the severity of their symptoms correlates with the heavy metal levels measured in their *** may play a key role in helping parents reduce their ultra-processed food and dietary heavy metal intake by providing access to effective nutritional epigenetics *** To test the efficacy of nutritional epigenetics instruction in reducing parental ultra-processed food *** The study utilized a semi-randomized test and control group pretest-posttest pilot study design with participants recruited from parents having a learning-disabled child with autism or ***-two parents who met the inclusion criteria were randomly selected to serve in the test(n=11)or control(n=11)*** test group participated in the six-week online nutritional epigenetics tutorial,while the control group did *** efficacy of the nutritional epigenetics instruction was determined by measuring changes in parent diet and attitude using data derived from an online diet survey administered to the participants during the pre and post intervention *** intake scores were derived for both ultra-processed and whole/organic *** sample t-tests were conducted to determine any differences in mean diet scores within each *** There was a significant difference in the diet scores of the test group between the pre-and post-intervention *** parents in the test group significantly reduced their intake of ultra-processed foods with a preintervention diet score of 70(mean=5.385,SD=2.534)and a post-intervention diet score of 113(mean=8.692,SD=1.750)and the

关键词： Epigenomics Parenteral nutrition Autism Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder Ultra-processed foods Heavy metals

Customized scaffolds for large bone defects using 3D‑printed modular blocks from 2D‑medical images

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Bio-Design and manufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 74-87页

作者： Anil AAcar Evangelos Daskalakis Paulo Bartolo Andrew Weightman Glen cooper Gordon Blunn Bahattin Koc Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci UniversityIstanbul 34956Türkiye D Bioprinting Laboratory Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application CenterIstanbul 34956Türkiye School of mechanical Aerospace and Civil EngineeringManchester Institute of BiotechnologyUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Singapore Centre for 3D Printing School of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences University of PortsmouthPortsmouth PO12UPUK

Additive manufacturing(Am)has revolutionized the design and manufacturing of patient-specific,three-dimensional(3D),complex porous structures known as scaffolds for tissue engineering *** use of advanced image acquisition techniques,image processing,and computer-aided design methods has enabled the precise design and additive manufacturing of anatomically correct and patient-specific implants and ***,these sophisticated techniques can be timeconsuming,labor-intensive,and ***,the necessary imaging and manufacturing equipment may not be readily available when urgent treatment is needed for trauma *** this study,a novel design and Am methods are proposed for the development of modular and customizable scaffold blocks that can be adapted to fit the bone defect area of a *** modular scaffold blocks can be combined to quickly form any patient-specific scaffold directly from two-dimensional(2D)medical images when the surgeon lacks access to a 3D printer or cannot wait for lengthy 3D imaging,modeling,and 3D printing during *** proposed method begins with developing a bone surface-modeling algorithm that reconstructs a model of the patient’s bone from 2D medical image measurements without the need for expensive 3D medical imaging or *** algorithm can generate both patient-specific and average bone ***,a biomimetic continuous path planning method is developed for the additive manufacturing of scaffolds,allowing porous scaffold blocks with the desired biomechanical properties to be manufactured directly from 2D data or *** algorithms are implemented,and the designed scaffold blocks are 3D printed using an extrusion-based Am *** and instructions are also provided to assist surgeons in assembling scaffold blocks for the self-repair of patient-specific large bone defects.

关键词： Additive manufacturing modular scaffolds Large bone defect Customized scaffold design Patient-specific scaffolds

An electropenetrography waveform library for the probing and ingestion behaviors of Culex tarsalis on human hands

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1165-1186页

作者： Anastasia m.W.cooper Samuel B.Jameson Victoria Pickens Cameron Osborne Elaine A.Backus Kristopher Silver Dana N.mitzel Department of Entomology Kansas State UniversityManhattanKansasUSA Department of Tropical medicine Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical MedicineNew OrleansLos AngelesUSA USDA Agricultural Research Service San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences CenterParlierCaliforniaUSA National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility USDA Agricultural Research ServiceManhattanKansasUSA

Culex tarsalis Coquillett(Diptera:Culicidae)mosquitoes are capable of vectoring numerous pathogens affecting public and animal ***,the probing behaviors of mosquitoes are poorly understood because they occur in opaque ***(EPG)has the potential to elucidate these behaviors by recording the electrical signals generated during *** used an AC–DC EPG with variable input resistors(Ri levels)to construct a waveform library for *** feeding on human *** events associated with mosquito probing were used to characterize waveforms at four Ri levels and with two electrical current *** optimal settings for EPG recordings of *** probing on human hands was an Ri level of 10^(7)Ohms using an applied signal of 150 millivolts alternating *** for *** included those previously observed and associated with probing behaviors in Aedes aegypti L.(Diptera:Culicidae):waveform families J(surface salivation),K(stylet penetration through the skin),L(types 1 and 2,search for a blood vessel/ingestion site),m(types 1 and 2,ingestion),N(type 1,an unknown behavior which may be a resting and digestion phase),and W(withdrawal).However,we also observed variations in the waveforms not described in ***,which we named types L3,m3,m4,and *** investigation enhances our understanding of mosquito probing *** also provides a new tool for the automated calculation of peak *** work will facilitate future pathogen acquisition and transmission studies and help identify new pest and disease management targets.

关键词： AC-DC blood feeders electrical penetration graph EPG human hands mosquitoes waveform library

Association of initial assessment variables and mortality in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 125-133页

作者： katherine C Bergus Kelli N Patterson Lindsey Asti Josh Bricker Tariku J Beyene Lauren N Schulz Dana m Schwartz Rajan K Thakkar Eric A Sribnick Pediatric Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA CenterforSurgical Outcomes Research Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA Neurologic Surgery The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA Neurologic Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA

Background Predictive scales have been used to prognosticate long-term outcomes of traumatic brain injury(TBI),but gaps remain in predicting mortality using initial trauma resuscitation *** sought to evaluate the association of clinical variables collected during the initial resuscitation of intubated pediatric severe patients with TBI with in-hospital *** Intubated pediatric trauma patientsma scale(GCS)score≤8)from January 2011 to December 2020 were *** between initial trauma resuscitation variables(temperature,pulse,mean arterial blood pressure,GCS score,hemoglobin,international normalized ratio(INR),platelet count,oxygen saturation,end tidal carbon dioxide,blood glucose and pupillary response)and mortality were evaluated with multivariable logistic *** Among 314 patients,median age was 5.5 years(interquartile range(IQR):2.2-12.8),GCS score was 3(IQR:3-6),Head Abbreviated Injury Score(hAIS)was 4(IQR:3-5),and most had a severe(25-49)Injury Severity Score(ISS)(48.7%,153/314).Overall mortality was 26.8%.GCS score,hAIS,ISS,INR,platelet count,and blood glucose were associated with in-hospital mortality(all pmortality *** 1-point increase in GCS score was associated with a 35%decrease in odds of *** hAIS,INR,and blood glucose increased,the odds of mortality *** each 1.0 unit increase in INR,the odds of mortality increased by 1427%.Conclusions Pediatric patients with severe TBI are at substantial risk for in-hospital *** are needed to examine whether earlier interventions targeting specific parameters of INR and blood glucose impact mortality.

关键词： mortality pediatric traumatic

Primary and Secondary microplastic and Nanoplastic Regulations: Perspectives on Water Industry Impacts

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2024年第6期15卷 697-715页

作者： Shirin Estahbanati Giridhar Upadhyaya martha J. m. Wells katherine Y. Bell Brown and Caldwell New York NY USA Brown and Caldwell Irvine CA USA EnviroChem Services Cookeville TN USA Brown and Caldwell Nashville TN USA

Plastic pollution, both primary and secondary, is an environmental challenge, prompting regulatory actions at global and regional levels. With increasing research about the impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on ecosystems and human health, governments worldwide have undertaken efforts to address this issue. The global community has advanced regulatory efforts that have led to the implementation of national laws or regulations in numerous countries. These measures ban or restrict the use of primary and secondary microplastics and nanoplastics. An overview of global and European regulatory frameworks is presented to provide context for the United States (US). In the endeavor to document plastics regulation development in the US, a description of regulatory agencies and their roles in advancing policy and rules as well as future direction and areas for improvement in regulating plastics are introduced. A discussion of what emerging regulations mean to utilities and industries is also provided along with a comparison of regulatory frameworks.

关键词： microplastic Regulation Environmental Governance Plastic Pollution mitigation Regulatory Framework