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Tunneling nanotubes and actin cytoskeleton dynamics in glaucoma

Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第11期15卷 2031-2032页

作者： kate e.keller Department of Ophthalmology Department of Chemical Physiology and BiochemistryOregon Health&Science UniversityPortlandORUSA

Glaucoma and the actin cytoskeleton:Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy,with pathophysiological changes affecting anterior and posterior tissues of the *** trabecular meshwork(TM)in the anterior segment regulates intraocular pressure(IOP),while photoreceptors in the posterior retina convert light into signals that retinal ganglion cells(RGC)transmit to the *** TM is a small,fenestrated tissue located in the anterior chamber angle,between the iris and cornea(Figure 1A1).In humans,the majority of aqueous humor fluid drains through the TM into Schlemm’s *** the outflow channels become blocked,as in glaucoma,IOP starts to increase,pushing the lens and vitreous back onto the optic ***-induced damage to the optic nerve head causes a progressive loss of RGCs and their axons,which leads to irreversible *** or pharmacological management of IOP prevents RGC damage in glaucoma *** pharmacological therapies either reduce production of aqueous humor fluid,or increase aqueous drainage via the TM or the uveoscleral outflow ***,a new class of glaucoma therapies targeting the actin cytoskeleton were approved by the Food and Drug *** are known as the Rho kinase inhibitors,and they act on the Rho/Rho-associated protein kinase signaling pathway to disassemble actin stress fibers in TM and Schlemm’s canal cells(Rao et al.,2017;Lin et al.,2018).While the molecular details are only partially understood,perturbing the actomyosin system can alter cell shape,volume,contractility,and adhesion of cells to extracellular matrix(Tian et al.,2009),which in turn allows greater aqueous outflow and a reduction in *** addition to forming stress fibers,filamentous actin assembles into actin bundles,which are a major component of filopodia,long finger-like projections that emanate from the cell surface,as well as the related cellular protrusions known as tunneling nanotubes(TNTs).

关键词： glaucoma fibers Figure

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Post-operative prevention and monitoring of Crohn’s disease recurrence

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Gastroenterology Report 2022年第1期10卷 217-226页

作者： kate e.Lee Sarah Cantrell Bo Shen Adam S.Faye Department of Medicine Duke University Medical CenterDurhamNCUSA Duke University Medical Center Library&Archives Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases NewYork-Presbyterian/Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNYUSA Division of Gastroenterology NYU Grossman School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA

Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)are relapsing and remitting chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal *** surgery for UC can provide a cure,surgery for CD is rarely *** the past few decades,research has identified risk factors for postsurgical CD recurrence,enabling patient risk stratification to guide monitoring and prophylactic treatment to prevent CD recurrence.A MeDLINe literature review identified articles regarding post-operative monitoring of CD recurrence after resection *** this review,we discuss the evidence on risk factors for postoperative CD recurrence as well as suggestions on post-operative management.

关键词： post-operative Crohn’s management recurrence biologics

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Cluster size distribution of cancer cells in blood using stopped-flow centrifugation along scale-matched gaps of a radially inclined rail

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2015年第1期1卷 97-105页

作者： Macdara Glynn Charles Nwankire kate Lemass David J.Kinahan Jens Ducrée Biomedical Diagnostics Institute National Centre for Sensor ResearchSchool of Physical SciencesDublin City UniversityIreland

There is increasing evidence that,in addition to their presence,the propensity of circulating tumour cells to form multi-cellular clusters bears significant information about both cellular resistance to chemotherapy and overall *** present a novel two-stage,stopped-flow,continuous centrifugal sedimentation strategy to measure the size distributions of events(defined here as cells or clusters thereof)in a blood *** off-chip removal of red blood cells,healthy white blood cells are sequestered by *** purified events are then resolved along a radially inclined rail featuring a series of gaps with increasing width,each connected to a designated outer collection *** isolation of candidate events independent of targetspecific epitopes is successfully demonstrated for HL60(epCAM positive)and sk-mel28(epCAM negative)cells using identical protocols and *** propensity to form clusters was quantified for a number of cell lines,showing a negligible,moderate or elevated tendency towards cluster *** show that the occupancy distribution of the collection bins closely correlates with the range of cluster sizes intrinsic to the specific cell line.

关键词： centrifugal microfluidics lab-on-a-disc cancer diagnostics cellular clustering

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Concentration–discharge patterns of weathering products from global rivers

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Acta Geochimica 2017年第3期36卷 405-409页

作者： Daniel e.Ibarra Seulgi Moon Jeremy K.Caves C.Page Chamberlain kate Maher earth System Science Stanford University StanfordCA 94305-4216 USA earth Planetary and Space Sciences University of California Los Angeles CA 90095-1567 USA earth Science ETH Ziirich 8092 Zurich Switzerland Geological Sciences Stanford University StanfordCA 94305-2115 USA

Quantifying the functional relationships relating river discharge and weathering products places key constraints on the negative feedback between the silicate weathering and climate. In this study we analyze the concentration–discharge relationships of weathering products from global rivers using previously compiled time-series datasets for concentrations and discharge from global rivers. To analyze the nature of the covariation between specific discharge and concentrations, we use both a power law equation and a recently developed solute production equation. The solute production equation allows us to quantify weathering efficiency, or the resistance to dilution at high runoff, via the Damkohler coefficient. These results are also compared to those derived using average concentration–discharge *** the power law exponent and the Damkohler coefficient increase and asymptote as catchments exhibit increasingly chemostatic behavior, resulting in an inverse relationship between the two parameters. We also show that using thedistribution of average concentration–discharge pairs from global rivers, rather than fitting concentration–discharge relationships for each individual river, underestimates global median weathering efficiency by up to a factor of ～10. This study demonstrates the utility of long time-series sampling of global rivers to elucidate controlling processes needed to quantify patterns in global silicate weathering rates.

关键词： Concentration–discharge Rivers Silicate weathering Solutes

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Variability of cell proliferation in the proximal and distal colon of normal rats and rats with dimethylhydrazine induced carcinogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2002年第5期8卷 847-852页

作者： kate e Williamson Brian J Rowlands Department of Surgery Institute of Clinical ScienceThe Queen's University of BelfastBelfastUK

AIM：To investigate the patterns of cell proliferation in proximal and distal colons in normal rats and rats with1,2-dimethylhydrazine(DMH)induced carcinogenesis using the thymidine analogue ***:Colonic crypt cell proliferation was immunohistochemically detected using the anti-bromodeoxyuridine Bu20a monoclonal ***:Marked regional differences were found in both *** labelling index(LI)and proliferative zone size in both normal(8.65±0.34vs7.2±0.45,27.74±1.07vs16.75±1.45)andDMH groups(13.13±0.46vs11.55±0.45,39.60±1.32vs35.52±1.58)were significantly higher in distal than in proximal colon(Pe number of cells per proxmal crypt was greater(31.45±0.20vs34.45±0.39,42.68±0.53vs49.09±0.65,Pength,total LT and proliferative zone size all increased in both proximal and distal regions of DMH rats compared to normal controls(Peated rat colon a shift of labelled cells to higher crypt cell positions was demonstrated distally whist a bi-directional shift was evident proximally(Pesults show that changes in cell proliferation patterns,as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine uptake,can act as a reliable intermediate marker of colonic cancer *** differences between proliferation patterns in distal and proximal colon may be associated with the higher incidence of tumors in t he distal colon.

关键词：溴脱氧尿嘧啶二甲肼细胞增殖致癌机制动物实验

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Sperm retrieval success and testicular histopathology in idiopathic nonobstructive azoospermia

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第6期22卷 555-559页

作者： Arighno Das Joshua A Halpern Annie L Darves-Bornoz Mehul Patel James Wren Mary kate Keeter Robert e Brannigan Department of Urology Northwestern University Feinberg School of MedicineChicagoIL 60611USA

Prior studies have investigated sperm retrieval rates in men with non obstructive azoospermia(NOA)secondary to specific etiologies,yet most cases of NOA are *** compared sperm retrieval rates and testicular histopathology in idiopathic NOA(iNOA)and nonidiopathic NOA(niNOA).We performed a retrospective review of men with NOA who underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction(microTeSe)between 2000 and *** with no history of malignancy or cryptorchidism and negative genetic evaluation were considered *** regression determined the association between idiopathic etiology and primary outcomes of sperm retrieval and active spermatogenesis on *** 224 men,86(38.4%)were idiopathic,75(33.5%)were nonidiopathic,and 63(28.1%)did not undergo genetic *** age and serum testosterone were higher among iNOA or no testing versus *** follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)was lower among iNOA or no testing versus niNOA.A higher proportion of iNOA or no testing versus niNOA had a clinical *** retrieval rates were similar between iNOA,niNOA,and no testing(41.8%vs 48.0%vs 55.6%,respectively;P=0.255).Active spermatogenesis was seen in a higher proportion of iNOA or no testing versus niNOA(31.4%and 27.0%vs 16.0%,P=0.073).On multivariable analysis,iNOA was not associated with sperm retrieval or spermatogenesis(P=0.430 and P=0.078,respectively).Rates of sperm retrieval and spermatogenesis on testis pathology were similar in men with iNOA and *** data will be useful to clinicians in preoperative counseling for men with NOA and negative genetic evaluation.

关键词： microdissection testicular sperm extraction nonobstructive azoospermia sperm retrieval rate

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effects of moisture content and feed rate on milling characteristics of wild apricot pits (Prunus armeniaca L.)

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological engineering 2014年第1期7卷 103-110页

作者： A.e.kate U.C.Lohani N.C.Shahi J.P.Pandey A.Sarkar Khan Chand Department of Post Harvest Process&Food engineering College of TechnologyG.B.Pant University of Agriculture and TechnologyPantnagarU.S.Nagar(Uttarakhand)-263145India Department of agricultural and Biological engineering South Dakota State UniversityBrookingsSD 57006USA

Milling with decortication of wild apricot pits was done in wild apricot pit decorticator working on the principle of“impact and compression”.The milling characteristics includes decortication efficiency,percentage of husk,percentage of broken kernels and output capacity was evaluated at the different levels of moisture content,i.e.,8%,10%,12%,14%and 16%(w.b.)and feed rates,i.e.,12 g/stroke,14 g/stroke,16 g/stroke,18 g/stroke and 20 g/*** moisture content as well as feed rate significantly(Pected the decortication efficiency,percentage of husk as well as brokens and output *** efficiency was initially increased and then decreased and opposite nature was found for the percentage of *** percentage of broken kernels and output capacity decreases with the increase in moisture content,while output capacity increases with the increase in feed rate and brokens decreases with the increase in feed rate of wild apricot pits.

关键词： wild apricot pit milling characteristics decortication efficiency moisture content husk percentage broken percentage output capacity

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Burn injury prevention in low-and middleincome countries:scoping systematic review

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Burns & Trauma 2021年第1期9卷 123-144页

作者： kate Price Kwang Chear Lee Katherine e.Woolley Henry Falk Michael Peck Richard Lilford Naiem Moiemen College of Medical and Dental Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamMindelsohn WayEdgbastonBirminghamB152WBUK Institute of Applied Health Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB152TTUK Adjunct Professor of environmental Health Emory UniversityRollins School of Public HealthAtlantaGA 30322US Clinical Professor of Surgery University of Arizona College of MedicinePhoenixAZ 85004US

Background:Burn injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and disability,with the burden of disease being disproportionately higher in low-and middle-income countries(LMIC).Burn prevention programmes have led to significant reductions in the incidence of burns in high-income ***,a previous systematic review published in 2015 highlighted that implementation and evaluation of similar programmes has been limited in *** objective of this scoping review and narrative synthesis was to summarise and understand the initiatives that have been carried out to reduce burn injuries in LMIC and their ***:We aimed to identify publications that described studies of effectiveness of burn prevention interventions applied to any population within a LMIC and measured burn incidence or burns-related *** publications were identified from three ***,data was extracted from manuscripts identified in the systematic review published by Rybarczyk et *** then performed a search for manuscripts on burn prevention interventions published between January 2015 and September ***,we extracted data from two systematic reviews where burn evidence was not the primary outcome,which were identified by senior authors.A quality assessment and narrative synthesis of included manuscripts were ***:In total,24 manuscripts were identified and categorized according to intervention *** majority of manuscripts(n=16)described education-based *** manuscripts focused on environmental modification interventions and four adopted a mixedmethods *** of the education-based initiatives demonstrated improvements in knowledge relating to burn safety or first aid,however few measured the impact of their intervention on burn *** manuscripts described population-based educational interventions and noted reductions in burn *** one of the four manuscripts describing environmental modification i

关键词： Burns Prevention Low-and-middle income countries Systematic review

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Who killed Porthos? Genetic tracking of a gorilla death

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第2期2卷 111-119页

作者： Kathryn J.JeFFeRY kate A.ABeRNeTHY Caroline e.G.TUTIN Nicola A.ANTHONY Michael W.BRUFORD Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff UniversityUK Centre International de Recherches Médicales FrancevilleGabon Department of Biological and Molecular Sciences University of StirlingStirlingUK

We describe a novel application of“forensic”genetics to study a key demographic event in a population of wild *** used microsatellite genotyping and non-invasively collected DNA samples to identify one individual western lowland gorilla as being most likely to have caused the death of another in LopéNational Park,*** from relatively few genotypes permitted the identification of female transfer events and the interpretation of individual behavior that was previously impossible using observational methods,thus providing rare behavioral data on an elusive forest-dwelling ***,this study highlights the need for future studies of dispersal and local population structuring in forest populations,and more accurate population census *** studies focusing on individual identification may play a valuable role in future gorilla conservation efforts.

关键词： ape conservation genetic tracking non-invasive microsatellite western lowland gorilla

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Investigating the consequences of asymmetric endoplasmic reticulum inheritance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae under stress using a combination of single cell measurements and mathematical modelling

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2018年第1期3卷 64-75页

作者： Felix R.H.Jonas kate e.Royle Rochelle Aw Guy-Bart V.Stan Karen M.Polizzi Department of Bioengineering Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUnited Kingdom Imperial College Centre for Synthetic Biology LondonSW72AZUnited Kingdom Department of Life Sciences Imperial College LondonLondonSW72AZUnited Kingdom

Adaptation allows organisms to maintain a constant internal environment,which is optimised for *** unfolded protein response(UPR)is an example of a feedback loop that maintains endoplasmic reticulum(eR)homeostasis,and is characteristic of how adaptation is often mediated by transcriptional *** more recent discovery of asymmetric division in maintaining eR homeostasis,however,is an example of how alternative non-transcriptional pathways can exist,but are overlooked by gold standard transcriptomic or proteomic population-based *** this study,we have used a combination of fluorescent reporters,flow cytometry and mathematical modelling to explore the relative roles of asymmetric cell division and the UPR in maintaining eR *** low eR stress,asymmetric division leaves daughter cells with an eR deficiency,necessitating activation of the UPR and prolonged cell cycle during which they can recover eR functionality before *** analysis of and simulation results from our mathematical model reinforce the experimental observations that low eR stress primarily impacts the growth rate of the daughter *** results demonstrate the interplay between homeostatic pathways and the importance of exploring sub-population dynamics to understand population adaptation to quantitatively different stresses.

关键词： Adaptation Asymmetric cell division endoplasmic reticulum stress Unfolded protein response Saccharomyces cerevisiae

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