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Heteromeric and Homomeric Geranyl Diphosphate Synthases from Catharanthus roseus and Their Role in Monoterpene Indole Alkaloid Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2013年第5期6卷 1531-1549页

作者： Avanish Rai Shachi S. Smita Anup Kumar Singh karuna shanker Dinesh A. Nagegowda CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Centre Bangalore 560065 India CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Lucknow 226015 India

Catharanthus roseus is the sole source of two most important monoterpene indole alkaloid （MIA） anti- cancer agents： vinblastine and vincristine. MIAs possess a terpene and an indole moiety derived from terpenoid and shikimate pathways, respectively. Geranyl diphosphate （GPP）, the entry point to the formation of terpene moiety, is a product of the condensation of isopentenyl diphosphate （IPP） and dimethylallyl diphosphate （DMAPP） by GPP synthase （GPPS）. Here, we report three genes encoding proteins with sequence similarity to large subunit （***） and small subunit （***） of heteromeric GPPSs, and a homomeric GPPSs. *** is a bifunctional enzyme producing both GPP and geranyl geranyl diphosphate （GGPP）, *** is inactive, whereas CrGPPS is a homomeric enzyme forming GPP. Co-expression of both subunits in Escherichia coil resulted in heteromeric enzyme with enhanced activity producing only GPR While *** and CrGPPS showed higher expression in older and younger leaves, respectively, *** showed an increasing trend and decreased gradually. Methyl jasmonate （MelA） treatment of leaves sig- nificantly induced the expression of only ***. GFP localization indicated that *** is plastidial whereas CrGPPS is mitochondrial. Transient overexpression of *** in C. roseus leaves resulted in increased vindoline, immediate monomeric precursor of vinblastine and vincristine. Although C. roseus has both heteromeric and homomeric GPPS enzymes, our results implicate the involvement of only heteromeric GPPS with *** regulating the GPP flux for MIA biosynthesis.

关键词： C. roseus monoterpene indole alkaloids geranyl diphosphate synthase heteromer homomer large subunit small subunit vindoline.

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Autochthonous halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria promote bacoside A yield of Bacopa monnieri(L.)Nash and phytoextraction of salt-affected soil

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Pedosphere 2020年第5期30卷 671-683页

作者： Umesh PANKAJ Durgesh Narain SINGH Pooja MISHRA Pooja GAUR C.S.Vivek BABU karuna shanker Rajesh Kumar VERMA Department of Soil Science CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsLucknow 226015(India) Division of Biotechnology CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsLucknow 226015(India) Division of Microbial Technology CSIR-Central Institute o f Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsLucknow 226015(India) Analytical Chemistry Department CSIR-Central Institute o f Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsLucknow 226015(India) Research Centre CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsBangalore 560065(India)

Phytoremediation is a promising approach for reclamation of salt-affected *** is the most commonly used process,which exploits plants to absorb,immobilize,and accumulate salt in their *** this study,halotolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)were isolated from the rhizosphere of wild grasses growing naturally in salt-affected areas of Lucknow,Uttar Pradesh(India)and were tested for their efficacies of salt-tolerance and plant growth-promoting(PGP)*** on 16S rRNA sequences,the most efficient halotolerant isolates possessing PGP traits were identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida(KM 233646),Acinetobacter calcoaceticus(KM 233647),Bacillus flexus(KM 233648),and Bacillus safensis(KM 233652).Application of these isolates as bio-inoculants significantly(P<0.05)increased the growth and bacoside A yield of a medicinal plant,Bacopa monnieri(L.)Nash,grown on natural salt-affected *** phytoremediation of salt-affected soil was evident by the substantial increase in shoot Na^+:K^+ratio of bio-inoculant-treated *** compared to un-inoculated control plants,the soil physico-chemical properties of bio-inoculant-treated plants were *** shoot and root biomass(fresh and dry weights),soil enzymes,and soil nutrient parameters showed significant positive correlations with the shoot Na+:K+***,the halotolerant PGPR screened in this study could be useful for the reclamation of saline soils concomitant with improved plant growth and bacoside A yield.

关键词： bio-inoculant phytoremediation plant productivity soil physico-chemical property soil salinity

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Exploring the benefits of biochar over other organic amendments for reducing of metal toxicity in Withania somnifera

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Biochar 2019年第3期1卷 293-307页

作者： Nidhi Nigam Vineet Yadav Puja Khare Raghuvendra Pratap Singh Paurabi Das karuna shanker Ram Suresh Sharma Agronomy and Soil Science Division CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsP.O.-CIMAPNear Kukrail Picnic SpotLucknow 226015India Analytical Chemistry Division CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsLucknow 226015India Technology and Business Development Division CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic PlantsLucknow 226015India

Biochar is considered as a good metal sequester and ameliorates the metal toxicity and uptake in ***,its effec-tiveness over other organic amendments is not well *** aim of this study is to compare the biochar amendments alleviating the levels of Pb and Cd in Withania somnifera *** with other organic *** manure,vermicom-post,and biochar were applied in the field spiked with highly available Pb and *** bioavailability and accumulation,plant growth and plant physiology,antioxidant enzymes and metabolite content of *** along with soil properties were evaluated in all *** indicates that the application of organic manures significantly alleviated the metal levels(33-72%)in the plant in comparison with *** herbage yield was significantly higher(33-69%)under different organic manures as compared to the metal *** metabolite contents and antioxidant enzymes were higher in metal treatments in comparison with *** manures were not only able to restrain the Pb and Cd in soil but also enhanced the soil microbial *** indicate that biochar amendments were more promising than farmyard manure and vermicompost due to the presence of more stable carbon in biochar and more alleviation in metal *** addition,net profit in the cultivation of *** was higher for biochar amendments(50%higher)compared to *** study recommended that biochar could be a better option for commercial and safer production of ***.

关键词： Toxic metals Withania somnifera Biochar Phytotoxicity

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