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Antenatal Corticosteroid Use and Perinatal Mortality According to Gestational Age among Preterm Singletons Born at 27 to 34 Weeks of Gestation in Hospitals in Tanzania

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第3期12卷 569-576页

作者： Stanley Mwita Deogratias Katabalo karol J. marwa Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania Department of Pharmacology Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania

Background: Antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) treatment has been proven to decrease rates of adverse perinatal outcomes when administered to pregnant women at risk for preterm delivery. Given the uncertainty about the benefit of ACS according to gestational age, we aimed to examine whether there was any benefit of ACS on perinatal mortality and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) according to different gestational ages at birth. Methods: Secondary analysis of data from an observational prospective chart review study was conducted in four hospitals located in the Mwanza region, Tanzania. The study population consisted of singleton infants delivered between 27 and 34 weeks of gestation between July 2019 and February 2020. Sociodemographic and medical data were recorded from participants’ medical records. Results: Over an eight-month period, 838 preterm singletons were delivered between 27 and 34 weeks of gestation. Three hundred and twelve (37.2%) pregnant women received at least one dose of ACS. Among infants exposed to ACS, perinatal mortality rates were significantly lower than those without exposure at the 27th week (27.8% vs 94.4%, P < 0.001), the 29th week (13.3% vs 51.4%, P = 0.012) and the 34th week (3.0% vs 18.2%, P < 0.001). Among infants exposed to ACS, the RDS rate was significantly lower than those without exposure only at the 32nd week (9.5% vs 25.0%, P = 0.039). Conclusion: Our findings add to the literature about the benefits of ACS for preterm infants of various gestational ages in low-resource settings. Compared to unexposed infants, those exposed to ACS and born at 27th and 34th weeks of gestation experienced lower rates of perinatal mortality. Future research, especially among infants born before the 27th week of pregnancy, is a priority.

关键词： Antenatal Corticosteroid Perinatal Mortality Gestational Age Preterm Singletons Tanzania

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Common Preventable Health and Social Problems Encountered by Elderly in Shinyanga Region in the Northern Part of Tanzania

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2016年第3期6卷 115-123页

作者： Sospatro E. Ngallaba Daniel J. Makerere Elias C. Nyanza Anthony Kapesa karol marwa School of Public Health Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Bugando Area Mwanza Tanzania School of Pharmacy Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Bugando Area Mwanza Tanzania

Background: In Tanzania elders are respected as repositories of inherited wisdom, experienced and principal decision makers in the community. However, evidence shows that such repositories are no longer considered important in most societies. As a result elders are neglected with some mistreatment in terms of provision of health and social services for instance;at times they get denied and ignored of their obvious rights, ignoring their retirement benefits and the rights onto free social services as per the Tanzania National Ageing Policy of 2003. Elders are therefore faced with physical, psychological and geriatric social suffering. It is on this basis that this study tries to explore the common preventable health and social problems encountered by elderly in Shinyanga Region in northern part of Tanzania. Methods: Across sectional community based study of 465 subjects randomly selected was done in three wards of Kahama District. The district was selected randomly out of 8 districts of Shinyanga Region, structured questionnaires with both closed and opened endower used;the information was collected from house to house and other information collected from health facilities within the wards as every ward had one public health facility;subjects (respondents) were obtained using purposive sampling technique aiming at elderly with 60 years of age and above. Results: Kahama district has a population of approximately 36,014 of which 1500 (4%) are in the elderly age group of 60 years and above. The study population was 465 which is 30% (465/1500) of the geriatric population of Kahama. Among this group 5% were female while 41% were male and 53% (248/465) were married. 64% (297/465) were taking care of themselves, 32% (150/465) cared by relatives and 4% (18/465) cared by the community. Among the respondents, 40% (185/465) were affected by HIV/AIDs in one way or another either living with orphans whose parents died of HIV/AIDS or asking care of the infected patients within the

关键词： Geriatric Social Problems Health Services Preventable Diseases Tanzania

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Prevalence, Grades and Management of Prostate Cancer among Men Attending Oncology Unit at Bugando Medical Centre Mwanza, Tanzania

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2022年第2期12卷 146-157页

作者： Deogratias M. Katabalo Joyce Josephat Winfrida Minja Stanley Mwita karol J. marwa Peter Rambau Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacy Practice School of Pharmacy Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania Department of Pathology School of Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza Tanzania

Background: Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer in men after lung cancer, it accounts for 3.8% of all deaths caused by cancer in men worldwide. This study aimed at determining the prevalence, grades and management of prostate cancer among male patients admitted with cancer at Oncology Department of Bugando Medical Centre. Methodology: This was a hospital-based retrospective cross-section study that retrieved data from 384 medical files of male patients admitted with cancer in Oncology wards at Bugando Medical Centre from January 2017 to December 2020. Results: The prevalence of prostate cancer was 39.84% (153 of 384 male patients). The mean age of patients with prostate cancer was 64.85 years ± 14.59 years. Two third of the patients’ prostate cancer were graded at presentation and of these, 52.58% (51 of 97) were having a high grade prostate cancer of Gleason scores 8, 9 or 10. Treatment involved hormonal therapy, chemotherapy and Radiotherapy whereby 49.48% (n = 190) were treated with hormonal therapy (Goserelin and Bicalutamide), 32.03% (n = 123) with combination of hormonal and chemotherapy, (Goserelin, bicalutamide and docetaxel or paclitaxel), 15.69% (n = 60) with combination of radiotherapy and hormonal therapy and 2.6% (n = 11) with chemotherapy alone (Docetaxel). Conclusion: The study found high prevalence of prostate cancer among male patients, majority with high grade form and limited options of treatment. Frequent screening and awareness programs should be conducted to enable early detection to reduce its morbidity and mortality. Patient on treatment should be followed up to determine their response to treatments.

关键词： Prostate Cancer Prevalence Management Tanzania

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利用大数据提高机器人的能力

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科技纵览 2024年第2期 44-48,4页

作者： Sergey Levine karol Hausman 不详

一系列机器人,一系列任务。在现实世界中变得普遍有用之前,机器人还有很多东西要学。虽然过去几年里,人工智能通过互联网这个庞大数据集的训练取得了令人印象深刻的进步,但机器人还没有类似的大型物理数据集可以利用。我们与世界各地的... 详细信息

一系列机器人,一系列任务。在现实世界中变得普遍有用之前,机器人还有很多东西要学。虽然过去几年里,人工智能通过互联网这个庞大数据集的训练取得了令人印象深刻的进步,但机器人还没有类似的大型物理数据集可以利用。我们与世界各地的其他32家机器人实验室合作,创建了现有最大的真实机器人动作开源数据集,对22种机器人进行了近100万次机器人试验,其中包含500种不同的技能以及与数干个不同对象的交互,包括图中的示例。

关键词：机器人人工智能物理数据大数据互联网数据集开源数据交互

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Revisiting the standards of cancer detection and therapy alongside their comparison to modern methods

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第2期14卷 17-37页

作者： Piotr Gromek Zuzanna Senkowska Elzbieta Pluciennik Zbigniew Pasieka Lin-Yong Zhao Adrianna Gielecinska Mateusz Kciuk karol Klosinski Zaneta Kaluzinska-Kolat Damian Kolat Department of Functional Genomics Medical University of LodzLodz 90-752LodzkiePoland Department of Biomedicine and Experimental Surgery Medical University of LodzLodz 90-136LodzkiePoland Department of General Surgery&Laboratory of Gastric Cancer State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Gastric Cancer Center West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041Sichuan ProvinceChina Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Genetics University of LodzLodz 90-237LodzkiePoland Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences University of LodzLodz 90-237LodzkiePoland

In accordance with the World Health Organization data,cancer remains at the forefront of fatal *** upward trend in cancer incidence and mortality has been observed globally,emphasizing that efforts in developing detection and treatment methods should *** diagnostic path typically begins with learning the medical history of a patient;this is followed by basic blood tests and imaging tests to indicate where cancer may be located to schedule a needle *** initiation of diagnosis is crucial since delayed cancer detection entails higher costs of treatment and ***,there is a need for novel cancer detection methods such as liquid biopsy,elastography,synthetic biosensors,fluorescence imaging,and reflectance confocal *** therapeutic methods,although still common in clinical practice,pose many limitations and are ***,there is a dynamic advancement of clinical research and the development of more precise and effective methods such as oncolytic virotherapy,exosome-based therapy,nanotechnology,dendritic cells,chimeric antigen receptors,immune checkpoint inhibitors,natural product-based therapy,tumor-treating fields,and photodynamic *** present paper compares available data on conventional and modern methods of cancer detection and therapy to facilitate an understanding of this rapidly advancing field and its future *** evidenced,modern methods are not without drawbacks;there is still a need to develop new detection strategies and therapeutic approaches to improve sensitivity,specificity,safety,and ***,an appropriate route has been taken,as confirmed by the approval of some modern methods by the Food and Drug Administration.

关键词： Cancer detection Liquid biopsy Synthetic biosensors Fluorescence imaging Reflectance confocal microscopy Elastography Cancer therapy Tumor-treating fields Oncolytic virotherapy Nanotechnology

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Mathematical Modelling of the Transient Response of Pipeline

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Journal of Thermal Science 2016年第6期25卷 549-557页

作者： Dawid Taler karol Kaczmarski Cracow University of Technology Faculty of Environmental Engineering Cracow University of Technology Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

Steam pipelines applied in power units operate at high pressures and *** addition,to stress from the pipeline pressure also arise high thermal stresses in transient states such as start-up,shutdown or a load change of the power ***-varying stresses are often the cause of the occurrence of fatigue cracks since the plastic deformations appear at the stress concentration *** determine the transient temperature of the steam along the steam flow path and axisymmetric temperature distribution in the pipeline wall,a numerical model of pipeline heating was *** determine the transient temperature of the steam and pipeline wall the finite volume method(FVM) was used Writing the energy conservation equations for control areas around all the nodes gives a system of ordinary differential equations with respect to *** system of ordinary differential equations of the first order was solved by the Runge-Kutta method of the fourth order to give the time-temperature changes at the nodes lying in the area of the wall and *** steam pressure distribution along pipeline was determined from the solution of the momentum conservation *** on the calculated temperature distribution,thermal stresses were *** friction factor was calculated using the correlations of Churchill and Haaland,which were proposed for pipes with a rough inner *** assess the accuracy of the proposed model,numerical calculations were also performed for the thin-walled pipe,and the results were compared to the exact analytical *** of the results shows that the accuracy of the proposed model of pipeline heating is very *** paper presents examples of the determination of the transient temperature of the steam and the wall.

关键词： pipeline steam heating walled satisfactory Pipeline conservation lying Kutta Runge

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Influence of Biomass Co-combustion on Heating Surfaces Thermal Efficiency

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Journal of Thermal Science 2018年第5期27卷 427-432页

作者： GRADZIEL Slawomir WITKOWSKI karol Institute of Thermal Power Engineering Cracow University of Technology31-864 Kraków Poland European Institute for Energy Research 76131 Karlsruhe Germany

Pulverized coal-fired(PCF) boilers were first and foremost intended to fire pulverized hard or brown coal. However, biomass co-firing has become a fairly common practice in the Polish power generation system and many existing boilers have been modernized to serve this purpose. This paper presents calculations of the coefficient of thermal efficiency of the boiler heating surfaces and of the time needed for complete reconstruction of deposits on the second-stage steam reheater(RHII) of an OP-380 boiler with the output of 380×10~3 kg/h. The boiler was equipped with a purpose-designed installation of direct feeding of biomass. The main co-fired fuels were wood and sunflower husk pellets. Intense formation of deposits on the steam reheater tubes and problems related to a reduction in the diameters of the tubes were identified during the power unit operation.

关键词： biomass co-combustion ash deposit coefficient of thermal efficiency

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Time-course monitoring of in vitro biotransformation reaction via solid-phase microextraction-ambient mass spectrometry approaches

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2022年第1期12卷 186-191页

作者： karol Jaroch Janusz Pawliszyn Department of Chemistry University of WaterlooWaterlooN2L 3G1Canada Department of Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Pharmacology Faculty of PharmacyCollegium Medicum in BydgoszczNicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń Poland85090BydgoszczPoland

The solid-phase microextraction technique quantifies analytes without considerably affecting the sample ***,a proof-of-concept study was conducted to demonstrate the use of coated probe electrospray ionization(coated-PESI)and coated blade spray(CBS)as ambient mass spectrometry approaches for monitoring drug *** ability of these methods was investigated for monitoring the dephosphorylation of a prodrug,combretastatin A4 phosphate(CA4P),into its active form,combretastatin A4(CA4),in a cell culture medium supplemented with fetal bovine *** CBS spot analysis was modified to achieve the same extraction efficiency as protein precipitation and obtained results in 7 *** coated-PESI performs extraction without consuming any samples,it is the preferred technique in the case of a limited sample *** coated-PESI only extracts small quantities of analytes,it uses the desorption solvent volume of 5-10 pL,resulting in high sensitivity,thus allowing the detection of compounds after only 1 min of *** biotransformation of CA4P into CA4 via phosphatases occurs within the simple matrix,and the proposed sample preparation techniques are suitable for monitoring the biotransformation.

关键词： Solid-phase microextraction Coated probe electrospray ionization Coated blade spray Combretastatin Biotransformation Prodrug activation

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Uniformity of Direct Unions of Chord

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2015年第1期31卷 225-234页

作者： Rafa Kapelko karol Marchwicki Department of Computer Science Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology Wrocaw University of Technology

In this article we investigate the uniformity of direct union of k copies of Chord which is an improvedversion of Chord P2P system. We are interested in the maximal and the minimal areas controlled by nodes inthe system. We recall that the function n→k/k!.n-（1＋1/k）is a lower threshold and that the function n→1/n In（nlnk-k（n（k-1）1）/（k-1）1is an upper threshold for sizes of areas controlled by nodes in the direct union of kcopies of Chord.

关键词： peer-to-peer network modification of chord threshold asymptotic order statistic

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Conditional Probability on the Kpka's D-posets

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2012年第11期28卷 2197-2204页

作者： karol SAMUELCÍK Ivana HOLLÁ Department of Mathematics Faculty of Natural SciencesMatej Bel University

Kopka＇s D-poset is a very important notion in quantum structures. In this paper the conditional probability on the Kopka＇s D-posets is studied. The notion of conditional probability is introduced and the basic prope... 详细信息

关键词： Kopka's D-posers conditional probability on the Kopka's D-posers

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