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The relationship between relative growth rate and whole-plant C:N:P stoichiometry in plant seedlings grown under nutrient-enriched conditions

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journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第3期4卷 147-156页

作者： Youhong Peng karl j.niklas Shucun Sun ECORES Lab Chengdu Institute of BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences9 Section 4 Renminnan RoadChengdu 610041China Department of Plant Biology Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14850USA Department of Biology Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

Aims Recent theories indicate that N is more in demand for plant growth than P;therefore,N concentration and N:C and N:P ratios are predicted to be positively correlated with relative growth rate(RGR)in plants under nutrient-enriched *** prediction was tested in this *** We examined the whole-plant concentrations of C,N and P and RGR,as well as the relationship between RGR and the concentrations and the ratios of N:C,P:C and N:P,for different harvest stages(the days after seed germination)of the seedlings of seven shrub species and four herbaceous species grown in N and P non-limiting *** relationships among plant size,nutrient concentrations and ratios were subsequently *** Findings RGR was positively correlated with N concentration and the ratios of N:PandN:C when the data were pooled for all species and for each shrub species,but not for individual herbaceous ***,the relationship between RGR and P concentration and P:C was not significantly correlated for either shrubs or *** variation of N among harvest stages and species was much greater than that of P,and the variation in N:P ratio was determined primarily by changes in N *** shrub species differed from the herbaceous species in their N and P concentrations,nutrient ratios and in intraspecific relationships between RGR and nutrient *** differences possibly reflect differences in the capacity for P storage and biomass allocation *** general,our data support recent theoretical predictions regarding the relationship between RGR and C:N:P stoichiometry,but they also show that species with different life forms differ in the relationships among RGR and C:N:P stoichimetries.

关键词： C:N:P stoichiometry RGR growth rate hypothesis life forms seedlings screening experiment

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Linking species performance to community structure as affected by UV-B radiation:an attenuation experiment

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journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第2期11卷 286-296页

作者： Yangheshan Yang Kechang Niu Zhuomiao Hu karl j.niklas Shucun Sun Department of Ecology School of Life SciencesNanjing University22 Hankou RoadNanjing 210093China Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

Aims UV-B radiation is known to affect plant physiology and growth rate in ways that can influence community species composition and ***,comparatively little is known about how UV-B radiation induced changes in the performance of individual species cascades to affect overall community *** foliage leaves are primarily responsible for photosynthesis and carbon gain and are the major organ that senses and responds to UV-B radiation,we hypothesized that,under reduced UV-B radia-tion,species with larger leaf areas per plant would manifest higher growth rates and hence tend to improve their community status compared to species with smaller leaf areas per plant in herba-ceous plant *** We tested this hypothesis by examining plant traits(leaf area per plant and plant height),plant growth rate(aboveground biomass per plant and plant biomass per area)and community status(spe-cies within-community relative biomass)for 19 common species in a two-year field experiment in an alpine meadow on Tibetan *** findings Aboveground biomass per plant,as well as per area,progressively increased in a 39%reduced(relative to ambient)UV-B treatment dur-ing the experimental *** the second year,11 out of 19 species significantly or marginally significantly increased their plant height,leaf area per plant and aboveground biomass per *** species was negatively affected by reducing *** hypothesized,the increase in aboveground biomass per plant increased with increasing leaf area per plant,as indicated by cross-species regression ***,the change in species within-community status increased with increasing leaf area per *** study demonstrates that UV-B radiation has differential effects on plant growth rate across species and hence significantly affects species composition and plant commu-nity *** suggest that UV-B radiation is an ecological factor structuring plant communities particularly in a

关键词： UV-B radiation leaf area per plant plant growth species assembly community structure alpine meadow Tibetan Plateau

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Ecogeographical variation of 12 morphological traits within Pinus tabulaeformis: the effects of environmental factors and demographic histories

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journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第2期10卷 386-396页

作者： Mingfei ji jianming Deng Buqing Yao Renfei Chen Zhexuan Fan jiawei Guan Xiaowei Li Fan Wu karl j.niklas State Key Laboratory of Grassland and Agro-Ecosystems School of Life ScienceLanzhou University222 Tianshui RoadLanzhouGansu 730000China School of life Science and Technology Nanyang Normal University1638 Wolong RoadNanyangHenan 473061China Department of Plant Biology School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

Aims More data are needed about how genetic variation(GV)and envi-ronmental factors influence phenotypic variation within the natural populations of long-lived species with broad geographic *** fill this gap,we examined the correlations among envi-ronmental factors and phenotypic variation within and among 13 natural populations of Pinus tabulaeformis consisting of four demo-graphically distinct groups within the entire distributional *** Using the Akaike’s information Criterion(AiC)model,we measured 12 morphological traits and constructed alternative candidate models for the relationships between each morphological trait and key climatic variables and genetic *** then compared the AiC weight for each candidate model to identify the best approximating model for ecogeographical variation of *** partitioning of vari-ance was assessed subsequently by evaluating the independent vari-ables of the selected best models using partial redundancy *** Findings Significant phenotypic variation of the morphological traits was observed both within individual populations and among *** partition analyses showed that most of the phenotypic variation was co-determined by both GV and climatic *** accounted for the largest proportion of reproductive trait variation,whereas local key climatic factors(*** evapotranspiration,AET)accounted for the largest proportion of phenotypic variation in the remaining investigated *** results indicate that both genetic divergence and key environmental factors affect the phenotypic variation observed among populations of this species,and that reproductive and vegetative traits adaptively respond differently with respect to local environmental *** partitioning of factors can inform those making predictions about phenotypic variation in response to future changes in climatic conditions(particularly those affecting AET).

关键词： Akaike’s Information Criterion environmental factors genetic variation information-theoretic approach phenotypic variation

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Effects of biotic and abiotic factors on forest biomass fractions

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National Science Review 2021年第10期8卷 79-88页

作者： Renfei Chen jinzhi Ran Weigang Hu Longwei Dong Mingfei ji Xin jia jingli Lu Haiyang Gong Muhammad Aqeel Shuran Yao Lizhe An jin-Sheng He karl j.niklas jianming Deng State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem School of Life Sciences Lanzhou University Yanchi Research Station School of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry University Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University

The extent to which key factors at the global scale influence plant biomass allocation patterns remains unclear. Here, we provide a theory about how biotic and abiotic factors influence plant biomass allocation and evaluate its predictions using a large global database for forested communities. Our analyses confirm theoretical predictions that temperature, precipitation, and plant height and density jointly regulate the quotient of leaf biomass and total biomass, and that they have a much weaker effect on shoot(leaf plus stem) biomass fractions at a global scale. Moreover, biotic factors have larger effects than abiotic *** variables act equally on shoot and root growth, and differences in plant body size and age, as well as community species composition, which vary with climate in ways that drown out the variations in biomass fractions. The theory and data presented here provide mechanistic explanations of why climate has little effect on biomass fractions.

关键词： biomass allocation leaf biomass allometry plant density plant height scaling exponents

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Global leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry and their scaling exponent

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National Science Review 2018年第5期5卷 728-739页

作者： Di Tian Zhengbing Yan karl j.niklas Wenxuan Han jens Kattge Peter B.Reich Yongkai Luo Yahan Chen Zhiyao Tang Huifeng Hu Ian j.Wright Bernhard Schmid jingyun Fang Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences College of Life Sciences Capital Normal University Department of Plant Biology Cornell University Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia10 Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental StudiesUniversity of Zurich Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney University Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Ministry of EducationCollege of Resources and Environmental SciencesChina Agricultural University

Leaf nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) concentrations constrain photosynthetic and metabolic processes,growth and the productivity of plants. Their stoichiometry and scaling relationships regulate the allocation of N and P from subcellular to organism, and even ecosystem levels, and are crucial to the modelling of plant growth and nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Prior work has revealed a general biogeographic pattern of leaf N and P stoichiometric relationships and shown that leaf N scales roughly as two-thirds the power of P. However, determining whether and how leaf N and P stoichiometries, especially their scaling exponents, change with functional groups and environmental conditions requires further verification. In this study, we compiled a global data set and documented the global leaf N and P concentrations and the N:P ratios by functional group, climate zone and continent. The global overall mean leaf N and P concentrations were 18.9 mg gand 1.2 mg g, respectively, with significantly higher concentrations in herbaceous than woody plants(21.72 mg gvs. 18.22 mg gfor N; and 1.64 mg gvs. 1.10 mg gfor P). Both leaf N and P showed higher concentrations at high latitudes than low latitudes. Among six continents, Europe had the highest N and P concentrations(20.79 and 1.54 mg g) and Oceania had the smallest values(10.01 and 0.46 mg g). These numerical values may be used as a basis for the comparison of other individual studies. Further, we found that the scaling exponent varied significantly across different functional groups,latitudinal zones, ecoregions and sites. The exponents of herbaceous and woody plants were 0.659 and0.705, respectively, with significant latitudinal patterns decreasing from tropical to temperate to boreal zones. At sites with a sample size ≥10, the values fluctuated from 0.366 to 1.928, with an average of *** factors including the intrinsic attributes of different life forms, P-related growth rates and relative nutrient availa

关键词： leaf nitrogen phosphorus stoichiometry scaling exponent functional group biogeography

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The 2/3 scaling of twig nitrogen to phosphorus in woody plants

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第4期9卷 521-528页

作者： Zhiqiang Wang karl jniklas Zeqing Ma Dechun jiang jianming Deng Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu610041China Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu610041China Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY14853USA Center for Forest Ecosystem Studies and Qianyanzhou Ecological Station Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu610041China State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystem College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou730000China

Background:Nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)are important elements for plant metabolism and ***fore,the quantification of the scaling relationship of N to P in plant organs can help us understand many fundamental ecological *** general scaling relationships between N and P in leaves and in fine roots have been *** compared to leaves and fine roots,however,little information is available on the N versus P scaling relationship in the stems of woody plants,especially for *** this study,a comprehensive dataset comprising 2,038 N=P paired observations for a total of 536 woody species was compiled and analyzed to determine whether a general scaling relationship ***:The global mean values of twig N and P concentrations and N:P ratios were 9.33 mg⋅g^(-1),1.12 mg⋅g^(-1) and 10.16,*** N and P concentrations and N:P ratios differed significantly within and across functional groups and *** all of the species,a uniform 0.67 scaling exponent of twig N to P was observed across different functional groups and biomes,i.e.,a 2/3-power scaling relationship was ***,this numerical value differed across different sites,albeit converging onto 0.67 with increasing sample *** total phosphorus was the largest contributor to the variation in the numerical value of the scaling ***:These results provide useful parameters for stoichiometric growth models,and advance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant nutrient *** study has potential implications in predicting responses of nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystem responses to changes in the environment.

关键词： Nitrogen Phosphorus Scaling exponents Twigs Woody plants

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An elliptical blade is not a true ellipse,but a superellipse–Evidence from two Michelia species

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journal of Forestry Research 2022年第4期33卷 1341-1348页

作者： Yuping Li karl jniklas johan Gielis Ülo Niinemets julian Schrader Rong Wang Peijian Shi College of Horticulture Jinling Institute of TechnologyNanjing 210038People’s Republic of China Bamboo Research Institute Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Department of Biosciences Engineering University of AntwerpB-2020 AntwerpBelgium Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences51006 TartuEstonia Estonian Academy of Sciences 10130 TallinnEstonia Department of Biological Sciences Macquarie UniversitySydneyNSW 2109Australia Biodiversity Macroecology and BiogeographyUniversity of Göttingen37077 GöttingenGermany

The shape of leaf laminae exhibits considerable diversity and complexity that reflects adaptations to environmental factors such as ambient light and precipitation as well as phyletic *** leaves appear to be elliptical which may represent a‘default’developmental ***,whether their geometry truly conforms to the ellipse equation(EE),i.e.,(x/a)^(2)+(y/b)^(2)=1,remains *** alternative is described by the superellipse equation(SE),a generalized version of EE,i.e.,|x/a|^(n)+|y/b|^(n)=*** test the efficacy of EE versus SE to describe leaf geometry,the leaf shapes of two Michelia species(i.e.,*** ***,and ***),were investigated using 60 leaves from each *** shows that the majority of leaves(118 out of 120)had adjusted root-mean-square errors of<0.05 for the nonlinear fitting of SE to leaf geometry,i.e.,the mean absolute deviation from the polar point to leaf marginal points was smaller than 5%of the radius of a hypothesized circle with its area equaling leaf *** estimates of n for the two species were<2,indicating that all sampled leaves conformed to SE and not to *** study confirms the existence of SE in leaves,linking this to its potential functional advantages,particularly the possible influence of leaf shape on hydraulic conductance.

关键词： Bilateral symmetry Leaf ellipticalness index Leaf laminae Leaf roundness index Magnoliaceae

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Single-atom catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into hydrocarbons and oxygenates

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Carbon Energy 2024年第3期6卷 64-117页

作者： karl Adrian Gandionco juwon Kim Lieven Bekaert Annick Hubin jongwoo Lim Department of Chemistry Seoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea Research Group Electrochemical and Surface Engineering(SURF) Department of Materials and ChemistryVrije Universiteit BrusselBrusselsBelgium

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide offers a sound and economically viable technology for the electrification and decarbonization of the chemical and fuel *** this technology,an electrocatalytic material and renewable energy-generated electricity drive the conversion of carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals and carbon-neutral *** the past few years,single-atom catalysts have been intensively studied as they could provide near-unity atom utilization and unique catalytic ***-atom catalysts have become one of the state-of-the-art catalyst materials for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into carbon ***,it remains a challenge for single-atom catalysts to facilitate the efficient conversion of carbon dioxide into products beyond carbon *** this review,we summarize and present important findings and critical insights from studies on the electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction reaction into hydrocarbons and oxygenates using single-atom *** is hoped that this review gives a thorough recapitulation and analysis of the science behind the catalysis of carbon dioxide into more reduced products through singleatom catalysts so that it can be a guide for future research and development on catalysts with industry-ready performance for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide into high-value chemicals and carbon-neutral fuels.

关键词： electrocatalysis electrochemical CO_(2)reduction hydrocarbons oxygenates single-atom catalysts

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Why Don’t We Adequately Identify and Manage Adverse Drug Reactions despite Having the Needed Information?

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Health 2024年第2期16卷 148-159页

作者： Mark j. Kupersmith karl Kieburtz Department of Neurology Ophthalmology and Neurosurgery Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York NY USA SafeTherapeutics LLC New York NY USA Clintrex Research Corporation Sarasota FL USA

Importance/Objective: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent injury. We suggest that available medical information and digital/electronic methods could be used to manage this major healthcare problem for individual patients in real time. Methods: We searched the available digital applications and three literature databases using the medical subject heading terms, adverse drug reaction reporting systems or management, filtered by clinical trial or systemic reviews, to detect publications with data about ADR identification and management approaches. We reviewed the reports that had abstract or summary data or proposed or implemented methods or systems with potential to identify or manage ADRs in clinical settings. Results: The vast majority of the 481 reports used retrospectively collected data for groups of patients or were limited to surveying one population group or class of medication. The reports showed potential and definite associations of ADRs for specific drugs and problems, mostly, but not exclusively, for patients in hospitals and nursing homes. No reports described complete methods to collect comprehensive data on ADRs for individual patients in a healthcare system. The digital applications have ADR information, but all are too cumbersome or incomplete for use in active clinical settings. Several studies suggested that providing information about potential ADRs to clinicians can reduce these problems. Conclusion and Relevance: Although investigators and government agencies agree with the need, there is no comprehensive ADR management program in current use. Informing the patient’s healthcare practitioners of potential ADRs at the point of service has the potential for reduction of these complications, which should improve healthcare and reduce unneeded costs.

关键词： Adverse Drug Reaction Medication Side Effect Identification Medication Complication Medication Safety

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Enemies atpeace:Recentprogressin Agrobacterium-mediated cereal transformation

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The Crop journal 2024年第2期12卷 321-329页

作者： Shaoshuai Liu Ke Wang Shuaifeng Geng Moammar Hossain Xingguo Ye Aili Li Long Mao karl-Heinz Kogel State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Phytopathology Centre for BioSystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich Buff-Ring 26-32D-35392GiessenGermany

Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated plant transformation is a versatile tool for plant genetic engineering following its discovery nearly half a century *** modifications were made in its application to increase efficiency,especially in the recalcitrant major cereals *** breakthroughs in transformation efficiency continue its role as a mainstream technique in CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing and gene *** modifications led to higher transformation frequency and lower but more stable transgene copies with the capability to revolutionize modern *** this review,we provide a brief overview of the history of Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation and focus on the most recent progress to improve the system in both the Agrobacterium and the host recipient.A promising future for transformation in biotechnology and agriculture is predicted.

关键词： Agrobacterium tumefaciens Cereal species Genome editing Genetic engineering Plant breeding

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