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Arsenic speciation in freshwater fish:challenges and research needs

Food Quality and Safety 2023年第3期7卷 383-407页

作者： karen S.Hoy Tetiana Davydiuk Xiaojian Chen Chester Lau Jordan R.m.Schofield Xiufen Lu Jennifer A.Graydon Ruth mitchell megan Reichert X.Chris Le Department of Chemistry University of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada Alberta Health Health Protection BranchEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Food and water are the main sources of human exposure to *** is important to determine arsenic species in food because the toxicities of arsenic vary greatly with its chemical *** research has focused on high concentrations of arsenic species in marine *** concentrations of arsenic species in freshwater fish are much lower,and their determination presents analytical *** this review,we summarize the current state of knowledge on arsenic speciation in freshwater fish and discuss challenges and research *** samples are typically homogenized,and arsenic species are extracted using water/methanol with the assistance of sonication and enzyme *** species in the extracts are commonly separated using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and detected using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICPmS).Electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry,used in combination with HPLC and ICPmS,provides complementary information for the identification and characterization of arsenic *** methods and perspectives discussed in this review,covering sample preparation,chromatography separation,and mass spectrometry detection,are directed to arsenic speciation in freshwater fish and applicable to studies of other food *** progress made in arsenic speciation analysis,a large fraction of the total arsenic in freshwater fish remains *** is challenging to identify and quantify arsenic species present in complex sample matrices at very low *** research is needed to improve the extraction efficiency,chromatographic resolution,detection sensitivity,and characterization capability.

关键词： Arsenic species environment food consumption freshwater fish human exposure identification of unknowns liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

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Disturbance increases high tide travel distance of a roosting shorebird but only marginally affects daily energy expenditure

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Avian Research 2019年第3期10卷 294-304页

作者： Hans Linssen martijn van de Pol Andrew m.Allen mitzi Jans Bruno J.Ens karen L.Krijgsveld magali Frauendorf Henk-Jan van der Kolk Department of Animal Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology6708PB WageningenThe Netherlands Resource Ecology Group Wageningen University & Research6708PB WageningenThe Netherlands Centre for Avian Population Studies Droevendaalsesteeg 106708PB WageningenThe Netherlands Department of Animal Ecology and Physiology Radboud University6500GL NijmegenThe Netherlands Sovon-Texel Sovon Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology1790AB Den BurgThe Netherlands Nature Bureau Royal Netherlands Air Force4820BB BredaThe Netherlands

Background:Anthropogenic disturbance can negatively affect an animal's energy budget by evoking movement *** research focuses mainly on immediate displacement as a disturbance effect,since this can be easily observed in the field. However, effects on movement over longer timescales are poorly examined and it is largely unknown if and to what extent they reflect immediate ***-term responses could for example be larger than immediate responses if birds, after disturbance, return to the original location and thereby travel twice the immediate disturbed distance. methods:We combined GPS tracking data with observational data to quantify the effects of anthropogenic (air force and walkers) and non-anthropogenic disturbances on distances travelled by roosting Eurasian Oystercatchers (Haematopus ostralegus) during the non-breeding season. We compared immediate displacement after a disturbance with distance travelled during the entire high tide period (longer-term response), while accounting for environmental ***,we calculated energy expenditure due to disturbance based on observed disturbance ***:Disturbance resulted in an immediate displacement response of ~200 m (median).Air force disturbances tended to yield larger immediate responses than walker and,especially,than non-anthropogenic ***-term responses and immediate responses were approximately similar,suggesting that,over longer timescales,spatial disturbance effects in the study area remain confined to immediate ***,disturbances were infrequent (0.17 disturbances per bird per hour) and most disturbances were of natural origin (62%).Consequently, anthropogenic disturbance of roosting oystercatchers in the study area on average costs 0.08% of the daily energy expenditure. Conclusions:Our results suggest that immediate spatial responses to disturbance can be a useful proxy for spatial responses over longer *** the non-exha

关键词： Biologging Disturbance Haematopus ostralegus High tide roost movement ecology Shorebird

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molecular Characterization of the Calvin Cycle Enzyme Phosphoribulokinase in the Stramenopile Alga Vaucheria litorea and the Plastid Hosting mollusc Elysia chlorotica

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molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1384-1396页

作者： mary E. Rumpho Sirisha Pochareddy Jared m. Worful Elizabeth J. Summer Debashish Bhattacharya karen N. Pelletreau mary S. Tyler Jungho Lee James R. manhart Kara m. Soule Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and Molecular Biology 5735 Hitchner Halt University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA Department of Biology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Department of Ecology Evolution and Natural Resources Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine Orono ME 04469 USA Green Plant Institute #2-202 Bio Valley Seoul National University 103-2 Seodun Gwonseon Suwon Gyeonggi 441-853 Korea Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA

Phosphoribulokinase （PRK）, a nuclear-encoded plastid-localized enzyme unique to the photosynthetic carbon reduction （Calvin） cycle, was cloned and characterized from the stramenopile alga Vaucheria litorea. This alga is the source of plastids for the mollusc （sea slug） Elysia chlorotica which enable the animal to survive for months solely by photoautotrophic CO2 fixation. The 1633-bp V. litorea prk gene was cloned and the coding region, found to be interrupted by four introns, encodes a 405-amino acid protein. This protein contains the typical bipartite target sequence expected of nuclearencoded proteins that are directed to complex （i.e. four membrane-bound） algal plastids. De novo synthesis of PRK and enzyme activity were detected in E. chlorotica in spite of having been starved of V. litorea for several months. Unlike the algal enzyme, PRK in the sea slug did not exhibit redox regulation. Two copies of partial PRK-encoding genes were isolated from both sea slug and aposymbiotic sea slug egg DNA using PCR. Each copy contains the nucleotide region spanning exon 1 and part of exon 2 of V litorea prk, including the bipartite targeting peptide. However, the larger prk fragment also includes intron 1. The exon and intron sequences of prk in E. chlorotica and V/itorea are nearly identical. These data suggest that PRK is differentially regulated in V. litorea and E. chlorotica and at least a portion of the V. litorea nuclear PRK gene is present in sea slugs that have been starved for several months.

关键词： Alga Calvin cycle Elysia chlorotica kleptoplast mollusc phosphoribulokinase photosynthesis plastid redox regulation stramenopile symbiosis Vaucheria litorea.

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Sex differences in cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2016年第1期6卷 54-65页

作者： Keith R Laws karen Irvine Tim m Gale School of Life and medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust

Sex differences in neurocognitive abilities have been extensively explored both in the healthy population andin many disorders. Until recently, however, little work has examined such differences in people with Alzheimer's disease(AD). This is despite clear evidence that AD is more prevalent in women, and converging lines of evidence from brain imaging, post-mortem analyses, hormone therapy and genetics suggesting that AD affects men and women differently. We provide an overview of evidence attesting to the poorer cognitive profiles in women than in men at the same stage of AD. Indeed, men significantly outperform women in several cognitive domains, including: Language and semantic abilities, visuospatial abilities and episodic memory. These differences do not appear to be attributable to any differences in age, education, or dementia severity. Reasons posited for this female disadvantage include a reduction of estrogen in postmenopausal women, greater cognitive reserve in men, and the influence of the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele. Assessment of cognitive abilities contributes to the diagnosis of the condition and thus, it is crucial to identify the role of sex differences if potentially more accurate diagnoses and treatments are to emerge.

关键词： Dementia Gender Sex differences Cognition

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Gastric emptying, postprandial blood pressure, glycaemia and splanchnic flow in Parkinson's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第20期22卷 4860-4867页

作者： Laurence G Trahair Thomas E Kimber Katerina Flabouris michael Horowitz karen L Jones Discipline of medicine The University of Adelaide NHmRC Centre of Research Excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health The University of Adelaide Neurology Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital

AIm: To determine gastric emptying, blood pressure, mesenteric artery blood flow, and blood glucose responses to oral glucose in Parkinson’s ***: Twenty-one subjects (13 m, 8 F; age 64.2 ± 1.6 years) with mild to moderate Parkinson’s disease (Hoehn and Yahr score 1.4 ± 0.1, duration of known disease 6.3 ± 0.9 years) consumed a 75 g glucose drink, labelled with 20 mBq 99mTc-calcium phytate. Gastric emptying was quantified with scintigraphy, blood pressure and heart rate with an automated device, superior mesenteric artery blood flow by Doppler ultrasonography and blood glucose by glucometer for 180 min. Autonomic nerve function was evaluated with cardiovascular reflex tests and upper gastrointestinal symptoms by ***: The mean gastric half-emptying time was 106 ± 9.1 min, gastric emptying was abnormally delayed in 3 subjects (14%). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell (P mesenteric blood flow and blood glucose (P mic neuropathy and 8 (38%) had postprandial hypotension. There were no significant relationships between changes in blood pressure, heart rate or mesenteric artery blood flow with gastric emptying. Gastric emptying was related to the score for autonomic nerve function (R = 0.55, P min (R = -0.52, P min was related directly (R = 0.49, P mild to moderate Parkinson’s disease, gastric emptying is related to autonomic dysfunction and a determinant of the glycaemic response to oral glucose.

关键词： Gastric emptying Hypotension Parkinson’ s disease Blood pressure Glucose

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Age as a predictor of clinical outcomes and determinant of therapeutic measures for emergency medical services treated cardiogenic shock

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2023年第1期20卷 1-10页

作者： Xiaoman Xiao Jason E Bloom Emily Andrew Luke P Dawson Ziad Nehme michael Stephenson David Anderson Himawan Fernando Samer Noaman Shelley Cox William Chan David m Kaye karen Smith Dion Stub Department of Cardiology Alfred Health55 Commercial RoadMelbourneAustralia Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute 75 Commercial RoadMelbourneAustralia Department of Cardiology Western HealthFurlong RoadSt AlbansAustralia Ambulance Victoria 31 Joseph StreetBlackburnAustralia School of Public Health and Preventive medicine Monash University553 St Kilda RoadMelbourneAustralia Department of Paramedicine Monash UniversityMcMahons RoadFrankstonAustralia

BACKGROUND The impact of age on outcomes in cardiogenic shock(CS)is poorly described in the pre-hospital *** assessed the impact of age on outcomes of patients treated by emergency medical services(EmS).mETHODS This population-based cohort study included consecutive adult patients with CS transported to hospital by *** linked patients were stratified into tertiles by age(18-63,64-77,and>77 years).Predictors of 30-day mortality were assessed through regression *** primary outcome was 30-day all-cause *** A total of 3523 patients with CS were successfully linked to state health *** average age was 68±16 years and 1398(40%)were *** patients were more likely to have comorbidities including pre-existing coronary artery disease,hypertension,dyslipidemia,diabetes mellitus,and cerebrovascular *** incidence of CS was significantly greater with increasing age(incidence rate per 100,000 person years 6.47[95%CI:6.1-6.8]in age 18-63 years,34.34[32.4-36.4]in age 64-77 years,74.87[70.6-79.3]in age>77 years,Pmortality with increasing age *** adjustment,compared to the lowest age tertile,patients aged>77 years had increased risk of 30-day mortality(adjusted hazard ratio=2.26[95%CI:1.96-2.60]).Older patients were less likely to receive inpatient coronary *** Older patients with EmS-treated CS have significantly higher rates of short-term *** reduced rates of invasive interventions in older patients underscore the need for further development of systems of care to improve outcomes for this patient group.

关键词： assessed services shock

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Serum outperforms plasma in small extracellular vesicle microRNA biomarker studies of adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第20期26卷 2570-2583页

作者： karen Chiam George C mayne Tingting Wang David I Watson Tanya S Irvine Tim Bright Lorelle T Smith Imogen A Ball Joanne m Bowen Dorothy m Keefe Sarah K Thompson Damian J Hussey Discipline of Surgery College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders University of South AustraliaAdelaideSA 5042Australia Flinders Health and medical Research Institute Cancer Program College of Medicine and Public HealthFlinders UniversityAdelaideSA 5042Australia Discipline of Surgery The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Adelaide medical School The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia Faculty of Health Sciences The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia

BACKGROUND Circulating microRNAs(miRNAs)are potential biomarkers for many ***,they can originate from non-disease specific sources,such as blood cells,and compromise the investigations for miRNA *** small extracellular vesicles(sEVs)have been suggested to provide a purer source of circulating miRNAs for biomarkers discovery,the most suitable blood sample for sEV miRNA biomarker studies has not been *** To compare the mi RNA profiles between matched serum and plasma s EV preparations to determine their suitability for biomarker *** matched serum and plasma samples were obtained from 10 healthy controls and10 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma.s EV isolates were prepared from serum and plasma using Exo Quick Tm and quantified using Nano *** was extracted from s EV preparations with the mi RNeasy Serum/Plasma kit and profiled using the Taqman Openarray q *** overall mi RNA content and theexpression of specific mi RNAs of reported vesicular and non-vesicular origins were compared between serum and plasma s EV *** diagnostic performance of a previously identified multi-mi RNA biomarker panel for esophageal adenocarcinoma was also *** The overall mi RNA content was higher in plasma s EV preparations(480 mi RNAs)and contained 97.5%of the mi RNAs found in the serum s EV preparations(412 mi RNAs).The expression of commonly expressed mi RNAs was highly correlated(Spearman’s R=0.87,Pma and serum s EV preparations,but was consistently higher in the plasma s EV *** blood-cell mi RNAs(hsa-mi R-223-3 p,hsa-mi R-451 a,mi R-19 b-3 p,hsa-mi R-17-5 p,hsa-mi R-30 b-5 p,hsa-mi R-106 a-5 p,hsa-mi R-150-5 p and hsa-mi R-92 a-3 p)were expressed at 2.7 to 9.6 fold higher levels in the plasma s EV preparations compared to serum s EV preparations(Pma s EV preparations,the percentage of protein-associated mi RNAs expressed at relatively higher levels(Ct

关键词： Biomarkers Exosomes Extracellular vesicles Circulating microRNA microRNAs Plasma Serum Blood cells Real-time polymerase chain reaction Adenocarcinoma of esophagus

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Systemic IL-27 administration prevents abscess formation and osteolysis via local neutrophil recruitment and activation

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Bone Research 2022年第4期10卷 826-837页

作者： Yugo morita motoo Saito Javier Rangel-moreno Anthony m.Franchini John R.Owen John C.martinez John L.Daiss karen L.de mesy Bentley Stephen L.Kates Edward m.Schwarz Gowrishankar muthukrishnan Center for musculoskeletal Research University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Division of Allergy Immunology and RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Environmental medicine University of Rochester School of Medicine and DentistryRochesterNYUSA Department of Orthopedic Surgery Virginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA Department of Orthopedics University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA

Interleukin-27 is a pleiotropic cytokine whose functions during bacterial infections remain controversial,and its role in patients with *** osteomyelitis is *** address this knowledge gap,we completed a clinical study and observed elevated serum IL-27 levels(20-fold higher,Pmpared with healthy ***,IL-27 serum levels were 60-fold higher in patients immediately following septic death than in uninfected patients(Pmyelitis in WT and IL-27Rα^(−/−)mice with and without exogenous IL27 induction by intramuscular injection of rAAV-IL-27p28 or rAAV-GFP,*** found that IL-27 was induced at the surgical site within 1 day of *** infection of bone and was expressed by m0,m1 and m2 macrophages and osteoblasts but not by ***,exogenous IL-27p28(~2 ng·mL^(−1) in serum)delivery ameliorated soft tissue abscesses and periimplant bone loss during infection,accompanied by enhanced local IL-27 expression,significant accumulation of RORγt^(+)neutrophils at the infection site,a decrease in RANK^(+) cells,and compromised osteoclast *** effects were not observed in IL-27Rα^(−/−)mice compared with WT mice,suggesting that IL-27 is dispensable for immunity but mediates redundant immune and bone cell functions during *** vitro studies and bulk RNA-seq of infected tibiae showed that IL-27 increased nos1,nos2,il17α,il17f,and rorc expression but did not directly stimulate ***,these results identify a novel phenomenon of IL-27 expression by osteoblasts immediately following *** infection of bone and suggest a protective role of systemic IL-27 in osteomyelitis.

关键词： abscess protective immunity

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Evaluation of transfection methods for transient gene expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2013年第12期4卷 1013-1019页

作者： Si Nga Sou karen m. Polizzi Cleo Kontoravdi Centre for Process Systems Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London London UK Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London London UK Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation Imperial College London London UK Department of Life Sciences Imperial College London London UK Centre for Synthetic Biology and Innovation Imperial College London London UK Centre for Process Systems Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London London UK

Three transfection reagents, Lipofectamine® 2000, TransIT-PRO® and linear 25 kDa polyethylenimine were evaluated for transient expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein in Chinese hamster ovary cells. TransIT-PRO® was found to be more efficient under the examined conditions, but comes at an increased cost compared to the widely used PEI.

关键词： Transient Gene Expression Transfection Efficiency Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells mRNA Stability Temperature Shift

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Computed tomography of Crohn's disease:The role of three dimensional technique

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World Journal of Radiology 2013年第5期5卷 193-201页

作者： Siva P Raman karen m Horton Elliot K Fishman Department of Radiology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineJohns Hoplins Outpatient CenterBaltimoreMD 21287United States

Crohn's disease,a transmural inflammatory bowel disease,remains a difficult entity to diagnose *** the last decade,multidetector computed tomography(CT) has become the method of choice for noninvasive evaluation of the small bowel,and has proved to be of significant value in the diagnosis of Crohn's *** in CT enterography protocol design,three dimensional(3-D) post-processing software,and CT scanner technology have allowed increasing accuracy in diagnosis,and the acquisition of studies at a much lower radiation *** cases in this review will illustrate that the use of 3-D technique,proper enterography protocol design,and a detailed understanding of the different manifestations of Crohn's disease are all critical in properly diagnosing the full range of possible complications in Crohn's *** particular,CT enterography has proven to be effective in identifying involvement of the small and large bowel(including active inflammation,stigmata of chronic inflammation,and Crohn's-related bowel neoplasia) by Crohn's disease,as well as the extra-enteric manifestations of the disease,including fistulae,sinus tracts,abscesses,and urologic/hepatobiliary/osseous ***,the proper use of 3-D technique(including volume rendering and maximum intensity projection) as a routine component of enterography interpretation can play a vital role in improving diagnostic accuracy.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Computed tomography angiography multidetector computed tomography Three dimensional technique Volume rendering maximum intensity projection Fistula Dose reduction

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