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The evolution of aposematism is accompanied by increased diversification

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第3期3卷 149-156页

作者： kara PRZECZEK Carla mUELLER Steven m.VAmOSI Department of Biological Sciences University of CalgaryCalgaryCanada

Although the use of distinct colors to indicate unprofitability to predators(***)is commonly thought of as an adaptation,our knowledge of its macroevolutionary effects is *** aposematism is expected to decrease attacks by predators,we hypothesized that aposematic lineages should be larger on average than their non-aposematic sister groups because of the decreased probability of extinction and/or increased probability of speciation(*** diversification).The results of our sister-group analysis are consistent with the hypothesis that the evolution of aposematism is accompanied by increased diversification of lineages,with the aposematic focal group having more species in 11 of 14 pairs of sister *** the apparent advantages of reduced predation risk on diversification rates,the evolution of aposematism is relatively rare and reversions to a cryptic state are not *** addition to the difficulties in evolving a trait that initially decreases the survivorship of prey among naïve predators,we discuss other factors that may limit the apparent prevalence and success of *** is hoped that the results of our analysis will encourage further analyses of the phylogenetic relationships among aposematic groups and their relatives,and of the evolutionary time scales over which the benefits of aposematism are the greatest to lineages with this condition.

关键词： aposematism diversification predation sister-group comparisons speciation.

ON THE m^(th) ORDER DIFFERENCE SEQUENCE SPACE OF GENERALIZED WEIGHTED mEAN AND COmPACT OPERATORS

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Acta mathematica Scientia 2013年第3期33卷 797-813页

作者： metin BASARIR Emrah Evren kara Department of mathematics Sakarya University Department of mathematics Bilecik Seyh Edebali University

In this article, using generalized weighted mean and difference matrix of order m, we introduce the paranormed sequence space l（u, v, p; △（m））, which consist of the sequences whose generalized weighted △（m）-difference means are in the linear space l（p） defined by ***. Also, we determine the basis of this space and compute its α-, β- and γ-duals. Further, we give the characterization of the classes of matrix mappings from l（u, v, p, △（m）） to l∞, c, and co. Finally, we apply the Hausdorff measure of noncompacness to characterize some classes of compact operators given by matrices on the space lp（U, v, △（m））（1 ≤ p 〈 ∞）.

关键词： Paranormed sequence spaces difference sequence spaces weighted mean α-,β, γ-duals, matrix mappings Hausdorff measure of noncompactness compactoperators

Prediction of the undrained shear strength of remolded soil with non-linear regression,fuzzy logic,and artificial neural network

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Journal of mountain Science 2024年第9期21卷 3108-3122页

作者： YÜNKÜL Kaan karaÇOR Fatih GÜRBÜZ Ayhan BUDAK TahsinÖmür Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureTokat Gaziosmanpaşa UniversityTokat 60100Türkiye Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering and ArchitectureKafkas UniversityKars 36000Türkiye Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringGazi UniversityAnkara 06570Türkiye ministry of Youth and Sports Ankara 06090Türkiye

This study aims to predict the undrained shear strength of remolded soil samples using non-linear regression analyses,fuzzy logic,and artificial neural network modeling.A total of 1306 undrained shear strength results from 230 different remolded soil test settings reported in 21 publications were collected,utilizing six different measurement *** water content,plastic limit,and liquid limit were used as input parameters for fuzzy logic and artificial neural network modeling,liquidity index or water content ratio was considered as an input parameter for non-linear regression *** non-linear regression analyses,12 different regression equations were derived for the prediction of undrained shear strength of remolded ***-Forward backpropagation and the TANSIG transfer function were used for artificial neural network modeling,while the mamdani inference system was preferred with trapezoidal and triangular membership functions for fuzzy logic *** experimental results of 914 tests were used for training of the artificial neural network models,196 for validation and 196 for *** was observed that the accuracy of the artificial neural network and fuzzy logic modeling was higher than that of the non-linear regression ***,a simple and reliable regression equation was proposed for assessments of undrained shear strength values with higher coefficients of determination.

关键词： Undrained shear strength Liquidity index Water content ratio Non-linear regression Artificial neural networks Fuzzy logic

The effect of the CHAmP intervention on fundamental motor skills and outdoor physical activity in preschoolers

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第2期8卷 98-105页

作者： kara K.Palmer Katherine m.Chinn Leah E.Robinson Child movement Activity and Developmental Heanlth Laboratory University of Michigan Center for Human Growth and Development University of Michigan

Purpose: Physical activity(PA) and fundamental motor skills are important components of current and future trajectories of health in young children. This study examined the effects of a 5-week motor skill intervention on preschoolers' motor skill competence and their PA behaviors while participating in the motor skill intervention or outdoor free play(recess).methods: A total of 102 preschoolers served as participants and were part of a motor skill intervention group(n = 64) or a control/outdoor free play group(n = 38). Children's motor skills were assessed before and after the intervention using the Test of Gross motor Development-3 rd edition. PA during the motor skill intervention and outdoor free play was assessed using accelerometers both immediately before the start(baseline, Week 0 or Week 1) and end(late, Week 5 or Week 6) of the ***: All children significantly improved their motor skills from baseline to late assessment(p motor skill intervention demonstrated greater rates of change(p motor skills at the late assessment compared with the control group(p milarly, there was no effect of group on PA during days with the movement program(intervention vs. outdoor free play) at either time point, but boys were more active than girls at the late assessment(p more PA while participating in the intervention toward the end of the intervention than at the ***: The 5-week motor skill intervention was effective at improving preschoolers' motor skills and rates of change in motor skills were higher for children who completed the intervention compared with children in the control group. Preschoolers in the intervention did demonstrate PA changes while par

关键词： Gross motor skills Intervention motor development: Pediatrics Physical activity

Resolution of acute gastroenteritis symptoms in children and adults treated with a novel polyphenol-based prebiotic

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第34期20卷 12301-12307页

作者： Telma Noguera Robert Wotring Chris R melville kara Hargraves Jochen Kumm John m morton Instituto Centroamericano de Investigación Clínica Managua 050-008-4Nicaragua Greenteaspoon Inc StanfordCA 94305United States Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305United States Bariatric and minimally Invasive Surgery Stanford School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305United States

AIm: To test efficacy and durability of a polyphenol-based prebiotic treatment for acute gastroenteritis in a 300 patient double-blinded clinical study.

关键词： Prebiotic Gastroenteritis Diarrhea Rotavirus Infant mortality Dehydration Heartburn Polyphenol Aliva Greenteaspoon

Hospital readmissions in decompensated cirrhotics: Factors pointing toward a prevention strategy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第37期23卷 6868-6876页

作者： Siamak m Seraj Emily J Campbell Sarah K Argyropoulos kara Wegermann Raymond T Chung James m Richter massachusetts General Hospital Division of Gastroenterology Duke University Hospital Department of Medicine Harvard medical School

AIm To reduce readmissions and improve patient outcomes in cirrhotic patients through better understanding of readmission *** We performed a single-center retrospective study of patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013(n = 222). Primary outcomes were time to first readmission and 30-d readmission rate due to complications of cirrhosis. Clinical and demographic data were collected to help describe predictors of readmission, along with care coordination measures such as post-discharge status and outpatient follow-up. Univariate and multivariateanalyses were performed to describe variables associated with *** One hundred thirty-two patients(59.4%) were readmitted at least once during the study period. median time to first and second readmissions were 54 and 93 d, respectively. Thirty and 90-d readmission rates were 20.7 and 30.1 percent, respectively. Predictors of 30-d readmission included education level, hepatic encephalopathy at index, ALT more than upper normal limit and medicare coverage. There were no statistically significant differences in readmission rates when stratified by discharge disposition, outpatient follow-up provider or time to first outpatient *** Readmissions are challenging aspect of care for cirrhotic patients and risk continues beyond 30 d. more initiatives are needed to develop enhanced, longitudinal post-discharge systems.

关键词： Chronic disease Re-hospitalizations Liver disease Readmissions Cirrhosis Chronic care

Global kinematics of tectonic plates and subduction zones since the late Paleozoic Era

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第3期10卷 989-1013页

作者： Alexander Young Nicolas Flament Kayla maloney Simon Williams kara matthews Sabin Zahirovic R.Dietmar müller School of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Wollongong EarthByte Group School of Geosciences The University of Sydney Sydney Informatics Hub The University of Sydney

Detailed global plate motion models that provide a continuous description of plate boundaries through time are an effective tool for exploring processes both at and below the Earth's surface. A new generation of numerical models of mantle dynamics pre-and post-Pangea timeframes requires global kinematic descriptions with full plate reconstructions extending into the Paleozoic(410 ma). Current plate models that cover Paleozoic times are characterised by large plate speeds and trench migration rates because they assume that lowermost mantle structures are rigid and fixed through time. When used as a surface boundary constraint in geodynamic models, these plate reconstructions do not accurately reproduce the present-day structure of the lowermost mantle. Building upon previous work, we present a global plate motion model with continuously closing plate boundaries ranging from the early Devonian at 410 ma to present *** analyse the model in terms of surface kinematics and predicted lower mantle structure. The magnitude of global plate speeds has been greatly reduced in our reconstruction by modifying the evolution of the synthetic Panthalassa oceanic plates, implementing a Paleozoic reference frame independent of any geodynamic assumptions, and implementing revised models for the Paleozoic evolution of North and South China and the closure of the Rheic Ocean. Paleozoic(410-250 ma) RmS plate speeds are on average ～8 cm/yr, which is comparable to mesozoic-Cenozoic rates of ～6 cm/yr on *** global median values of trench migration trend from higher speeds(～2.5 cm/yr) in the late Devonian to rates closer to 0 cm/yr at the end of the Permian(～250 ma), and during the mesozoic-Cenozoic(250-0 ma) generally cluster tightly around ～1.1 cm/yr. Plate motions are best constrained over the past 130 myr and calculations of global trench convergence rates over this period indicate median rates range between 3.2 cm/yr and 12.4 cm/yr with a present day median rate estimat

关键词： Tectonic reconstruction Paleozoic Plate velocities Subduction zone kinematics Lower mantle structure South China

Inhibition of GABAA-ρreceptors induces retina regeneration in zebrafish

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第2期16卷 367-374页

作者： matthew R.Kent Nergis kara James G.Patton Department of Biological Sciences Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTNUSA

A potential treatment for retinal diseases is to induce an endogenous müller glia(mG)-derived regenerative response to replace damaged *** contrast to mammalian mG,zebrafish mG are capable of mediating spontaneous *** seek to define the mechanisms that enable retina regeneration in zebrafish in order to identify therapeutic targets to induce mammalian retina *** previously used pharmacological and genetic methods to inhibit gamma aminobutyric acid A(GABAA)receptors in undamaged zebrafish retinas and showed that such inhibition could induce initiation of retina regeneration,as measured by the dedifferentiation of mG and the appearance of mG-derived proliferating progenitor ***,we show that inhibition of a pharmacologically distinct subset of GABAA receptors(GABAA-ρ)can also induce retina *** inhibition of both GABA receptor subtypes led to enhanced retina *** expression analyses indicate that inhibition of GABAA-ρreceptors induces a canonical retinal regenerative *** results support a model in which decreased levels of GABA,such as would occur after retinal cell death or damage,induce dedifferentiation of mG and the generation of proliferating progenitor cells during zebrafish retina *** experiments were approved by the Vanderbilt's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee(Protocol m1800200)on January 29,2019.

关键词： gamma aminobutyric acid morpholino müller glia neurotransmitter regeneration retina stem cells zebrafish

Decoding earth’s plate tectonic history using sparse geochemical data

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第1期11卷 265-276页

作者： michael G.Tetley Zheng-Xiang Li kara J.matthews Simon E.Williams R.Dietmar müller EarthByte Group School of GeosciencesUniversity of SydneyNSWAustralia Seismological Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA Data61 CSIROAustralian Technology ParkNSWAustralia Earth Dynamics Research Group The Institute for Geoscience Research(TIGeR)School of Earth and Planetary SciencesCurtin University of TechnologyGPO Box U1987PerthWA 6845Australia

Accurately mapping plate boundary types and locations through time is essential for understanding the evolution of the plate-mantle system and the exchange of material between the solid Earth and surface ***,the complexity of the Earth system and the cryptic nature of the geological record make it difficult to discriminate tectonic environments through deep *** we present a new method for identifying tectonic paleo-environments on Earth through a data mining approach using global geochemical *** first fingerprint a variety of present-day tectonic environments utilising up to 136 geochemical data attributes in any available combination.A total of 38301 geochemical analyses from basalts aged from 5-0 ma together with a well-established plate reconstruction model are used to construct a suite of discriminatory models for the first order tectonic environments of subduction and mid-ocean ridge as distinct from intraplate hotspot oceanic environments,identifying 41,35,and 39 key discriminatory geochemical attributes,*** training and validation,our model is applied to a global geochemical database of 1547 basalt samples of unknown tectonic origin aged between 1000-410 ma,a relatively ill-constrained period of Earth’s evolution following the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent,producing 56 unique global tectonic environment predictions throughout the Neoproterozoic and Early *** are used to discriminate between three alternative published Rodinia configuration models,identifying the model demonstrating the closest spatio-temporal consistency with the basalt record,and emphasizing the importance of integrating geochemical data into plate *** approach offers an extensible framework for constructing full-plate,deeptime reconstructions capable of assimilating a broad range of geochemical and geological observations,enabling next generation Earth system models.

关键词： Plate tectonics Geochemistry Geodynamics Supercontinents Rodinia Big data