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香港立法会选举的基本法审视

香港立法会选举的基本法审视

作者：劉家源（lau ka Yuen）华东政法大学

学位级别：硕士

香港特区立法会制度是构建香港政制的重要组成部分,《香港基本法》第68条与附件一、附件二共同构建了这一制度的规范体系。本文以对这一制度在《香港基本法》中所提及的概念为引子,通过对立法过程的研究及现行制度下立法权的内外关系梳... 详细信息

香港特区立法会制度是构建香港政制的重要组成部分,《香港基本法》第68条与附件一、附件二共同构建了这一制度的规范体系。本文以对这一制度在《香港基本法》中所提及的概念为引子,通过对立法过程的研究及现行制度下立法权的内外关系梳理,阐述立法会选举制度在《香港基本法》中的设定原意。香港立法机关的历史可以从港英殖民时期算起,回顾港英时期的选举有助于理解回归后的香港政治实践。香港回归至今共进行七次立法会选举,根据选举时香港特区的政治环境可以分为四个阶段:临时立法会及回归初期的两届立法会,《香港基本法》第23条立法失败后的第三、第四届立法会,政改首次成功后的第五、第六届立法会及2021年选举制度改革后的第七届立法会。通过香港立法会这四个阶段的选举进程、历次政制改革的各方态度及政治环境综合观察,与《香港基本法》第68条所提及的原则进行比较,可以得出选举实践与立法原则逐渐偏离的结论,进而理解2021年选举制度改革的必要性,因此有必要对其具体措施采取合《香港基本法》审视。参照《香港基本法》第68条立法原意,可以解释出重新引入选举委员会制度的目的包括确保政治秩序平稳、保障工商界利益、促进社会各界参与度及防止激进民主,因此在目的论层面符合《香港基本法》要求。进一步地,该次选举制度改革不仅符合第68条选举普及性及循序渐进原则的要求,还符合《香港基本法》所确立的香港政制秩序下其他原则的要求。鉴于香港适用普通法,该次选举制度改革须通过亦能通过普通法概念与判例的检验。通过对选举委员会制度重新引入的目的研究及法理探讨,由此可以完成2021年改革后的香港立法会选举制度符合《香港基本法》条文与原则要求的合基本法性证明。

关键词：香港基本法香港立法会香港政制改革一国两制

Neurogenic hypothesis and psychiatric disorders

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2013年第26期58卷 3188-3198页

作者： lau Benson WuiMan LEE Jada ChiaDi SO KwokFai Department of Rehabilitation Science The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Department of Anatomy Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences The University of Hong Kong Research Centre of Heart Brain Hormone and Healthy Aging Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong GHM Institute of CNS Regeneration Jinan University

Psychiatric illness, such as affective disorders, anxiety disorders and schizophrenia, exerts exceptional personal burden on affected individuals. Although not physically noticeable, these disorders cost enormously on ones' family and society. Currently pharma-ceutical and psychological treatments are generally accepted as effective for psychiatric disorders, while the exact mechanisms underlying the treatment efficacy, etiology and neurobiology of the disorders remain elusive. In the past decade, "neurogenic hy-pothesis" emerged as an attempt to explain the nature of psychiatric illness. The origination of the hypothesis is based on several pre-clinical and clinical observations. First, stress, which is a common risk factor of the disorders, was found to suppress neurogenesis; second, treatment for the illnesses like antidepressants and antipsychotics were shown to improve neurogenesis and behavioral deficits simultaneously; and third, the therapeutic effect of antidepressants was abolished in animal models when neuro-genesis was blocked. Increasing efforts were invested to determine whether neurogenesis is a key to the understanding and treatment of psychiatric disorders, although contrasting results are also found and thus the importance of neurogenesis remains a matter of debate. The present chapter will discuss the recent findings about the involvement of neurogenesis in major depression, anxiety disorders and schizophrenia, and whether neurogenesis would be a potential target for development of the treatment in the future.

关键词：精神疾病神经发生假说精神分裂症心理治疗临床观察抗抑郁药治疗效果

Microbiota-mediated phytate metabolism activates HDAC3 to contribute intestinal homeostasis

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2020年第1期5卷 747-748页

作者： Xiaoxing Li Harry Cheuk Hay lau Jun Yu Institute of Precision Medicine First Affiliated HospitalSun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhouChina Institute of Digestive Disease Department of Medicine and TherapeuticsState Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongSha TinNewTerritoriesHong Kong

In a recent study in Nature,Wu et *** a fundamental host–microbe interaction that is crucially involved in responding to dietary change thereby maintaining healthy intestinal dynamics.1 They demonstrated that HDAC3 a... 详细信息

关键词： metabolism HDAC3 homeostasis

Gut Microbiome in Colorectal Cancer:Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2023年第1期21卷 84-96页

作者： Yali Liu Harry Cheuk-Hay lau Wing Yin Cheng Jun Yu Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics State Key Laboratory of Digestive DiseaseLi Ka Shing Institute of Health SciencesCUHK Shenzhen Research InstituteThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative Region 999077China

Colorectal cancer(CRC)is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and the leading cause of cancer-associated *** studies have shown that both genetic and environmental risk factors contribute to the development of *** metagenomic studies of CRC have identified gut dysbiosis as a fundamental risk factor in the evolution of colorectal *** enormous efforts and substantial progresses have been made in understanding the relationship between human gut microbiome and CRC,the precise mechanisms involved remain *** data have shown a direct causative role of the gut microbiome in DNA damage,inflammation,and drug resistance in CRC,suggesting that modulation of gut microbiome could act as a powerful tool in CRC prevention and ***,we provide an overview of the relationship between gut microbiome and CRC,and explore relevant mechanisms of colorectal *** next highlight the potential of bacterial species as clinical biomarkers,as well as their roles in therapeutic *** limiting the clinical translation of gut microbiome and strategies for resolving current challenges are further discussed.

关键词： Gut microbiome Colorectal cancer Diagnostic biomarker Immunotherapy Chemotherapy

COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes in Hong Kong and effectiveness of vaccine against severe outcomes

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Infectious Medicine 2023年第1期2卷 1-10页

作者： Mei Hung Joanna Leung Kin Hang Kung Ian Siu-kiu Yau Yan Yee Fung Kirran Nazesh Mohammad Cheong Chi Andrew lau ka Wing Albert Au Shuk Kwan Chuang Centre for Health Protection Department of HealthKowloonHong KongChina

Background:COVID-19 outbreaks in residential care homes for the elderly(RCHEs)and for persons with disability(RCHDs)have caused significant morbidity and mortality during 5th epidemic in Hong *** article reviewed COVID-19 outbreaks situation and estimated the effectiveness of receiving at least two-dose of COVID-19 vaccine in preventing severe ***:To estimate attack rates and vaccination coverage,documentation on COVID-19 infection and their vaccination records of residential care homes(RCH)residents reported between December 31,2021 and May 31,2022 were reviewed,and infected cases were follow-up for 4 weeks for severe outcomes or *** between vaccination coverage against attack rate by types of homes was *** RCH residents with available information were included in the analysis of vaccine effectiveness against severe outcomes and ***:COVID-19 vaccination coverage was low in RCHDs(median 0.46,IQR:0.24-0.76)and very low in RCHEs(median 0.08,IQR:0.00-0.19).Higher attack rates were recorded among RCHE residents(median 0.84,IQR:0.64-0.93)and higher case fatality rate(CFR:28.1%)than in RCHDs(median 0.58,IQR:0.31-0.84;CFR:3.9%).The attack rate decreased when vaccination coverage increased for both RCHEs(ρ=−0.131,psing COVID-19 vaccination could have significant impact on reducing the risk of COVID-19 outbreaks in *** least two-dose of COVID-19 vaccine is still effective in reducing severe outcomes and death among infected residents in

关键词： COVID-19 Attack rates Long-term care facilities Vaccine effectiveness Severe outcomes Hong Kong China

HYPOPIGMENTATION AND HEALTHY SKIN PROMOTING EFFECT OF A MODIFIED QI BAI SAN

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第2期 81-82页

作者： Elaine Wat Yau Tsz Chan Tiffany Hoi ka Tso Chun Fai Ng Ching Po lau Wing Sum Siu Chun Hay Ko ka Keung lau Raymond Hu Clara Bik-San lau Ping Chung Leung Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China The Chinese University of Hong Kong 5100 Cosmetic Company Ltd.

Introduction:Qi Bai San(QBS,七白散)is a traditional Chinese herbal formula used by ancient ladies for healthy skin and *** it is a popular product in the market,it contains animal drug and toxic herbs which

关键词： MSH HYPOPIGMENTATION AND HEALTHY SKIN PROMOTING EFFECT OF A MODIFIED QI BAI SAN

Computer-Aided Mandarin Pronunciation Learning System

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Computer-Aided Mandarin Pronunciation Learning System

Avian influenza virus directly infects human natural killer cells and inhibits cell activity

6～(th) International Conference on Spoken Language Processing

作者： Man-hung Siu ka-Ming Wong Man-Yan Ching Mei-Sum lau Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

＜正＞In this era of globalization, learning multiple languages is becoming. necessary. Learning to speak a new language involves knowing how to correctly prononnce words. In many cases, corrections to pronunciation mistakes come from language teachers who can typically give students only limited time and attention. With the rapid development of automatic speech recognition （ASR） technologies, computer can now accurately transcribe spoken words. In this paper, we reported our work of using ASR to help students differentiate between comfusible word pairs, commonly known as minimal pairs. Most of the reported work

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Virologica Sinica 2017年第2期32卷 122-129页

作者： Huawei Mao Yinping Liu Sin Fun Sia JS Malik Peiris Yu-Lung lau Wenwei Tu Department of Paediatrics The University of Hong Kong - Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen 518000 China Department of Paediatrics & Adolescent Medicine Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Department of Microbiology The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory of PID Diagnosis & Therapy Technology Shenzhen 518000 China

Natural killer （NK） cell is a key component of innate immunity and plays an important role in host defense against virus infection by directly destroying infected cells. Influenza is a respiratory disease transmitted in the early phase of virus infection. Evasion of host innate immunity including NK cells is critical for the virus to expand and establish a successful acute infection. Previously, we showed that human influenza HIN1 virus infects NK cells and induces cell apoptosis, as well as inhibits NK cell activity. In this study, we further demonstrated that avian influenza virus also directly targeted NK cells as an immunoevasion strategy. The avian virus infected human NK cells and induced cell apoptosis. In addition, avian influenza virion and HA protein inhibited NK cell cytotoxicity. This novel strategy has obvious advantages for avian influenza virus, allowing the virus sufficient time to expand and subsequent spread before the onset of the specific immune response. Our findings provide an important clue for the immunopathogenesis of avian influenza, and also suggest that direct targeting NK cells may be a common strategy used by both human and avian influenza viruses to evade NK cell immunity.

关键词： natural killer (NK) cell avian influenza virus (AIV) immunoevasion directioninfection inhibition cytotoxicity

Revisiting oral fluoropyrimidine with cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer: Real-world data in Chinese population

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第11期11卷 1031-1042页

作者： ka-On Lam Man-Chi Fu Kin-Sang lau kam-Mo Lam Cheuk-Wai Choi Wan-Hang Chiu Cheng-Man Yuen Lai-Han Kwok Fong-Kit Tam Wing-Lok Chan Sum-Yin Chan Pui-Ying Ho To-Wai Leung Ho-Fun Lee Department of Clinical Oncology LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Clinical Oncology Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Clinical Oncology Centre The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518053Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Pharmacy Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Department of Diagnostic Radiology LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

BACKGROUND Cetuximab in combination with oral fluoropyrimidine(FP)remains controversial in metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC).In view of the regional variation in the tolerability of FP,we conducted a retrospective analysis to compare oral FP with infusional FP in combination with cetuximab in Chinese *** To compare the efficacy and safety profile of cetuximab in combination with oral FP and infusional FP in Chinese population in the real-world *** A retrospective cohort study was done to analyse consecutive patients with Kras wild-type mCRC who received first-line treatment with cetuximab and FP-based chemotherapy in our unit from January 2010 to December ***-five eligible patients were *** median follow-up of our cohort was 65.0 *** The median progression-free survival(mPFS)and median overall survival(mOS)of the entire cohort were 9.66 mo(95%CI:7.72–12.5)and 25.8 mo(95%CI:18.7–35.6),*** oral FP and infusional FP,there was no statistical significant difference in the mPFS[9.79 mo(95%CI:7.49–12.7)vs 9.63 mo(95%CI:6.34–13.4);P=0.72]and mOS[25.8 mo(95%CI:15.2–35.6)vs 26.3 mo(95%CI:18.7–41.2);P=0.63].Grade 3 or above adverse events were reported in 28.4%of patients,being similar with oral and infusional FP,and included 10.5%of neutropenia and 2.1%of diarrhoea *** The current analysis demonstrates comparable efficacy and safety profiles of cetuximab in combination with oral and infusional FP in Chinese *** results expand treatment options for Chinese patients and invite revision of existing treatment guidelines to incorporate oral FP-based chemotherapy plus cetuximab.

关键词： Capecitabine 5-Fluorouracil Cetuximab Metastatic colorectal cancer Chinese